连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词讲义-高考英语语法

高中英语语法精讲连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词关于连系动词后接不定式连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语Mydreamistobeascientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家Allyouhavetodoistolisten.你只需要听seemappearproveturnoutgrow等连系动词后也可接不定式（尤其是tobe）短语作表语Themanseemedtobeill.这个人好像病了Theplanprovedtobeuseful.这个计划证明是有用的Heappearstoknowthis.他好像知道这一点Theweatherturnedouttobefine.天气结果很好HehasgrowntolikestudyingEnglish.他渐渐喜欢学英语To若所接不定式为tbe通常可以省略soundsmellfeeltastebecome等连系动词后通常不能接不定式误Theseorangestastetobegood.（应去掉tobe）误Therosessmelltobenice.（应去掉tobe）连系动词look后有时也可接tobe但以省略tobe为普通关于副词用作表语原则上说，连系动词后接形容词作表语，不接副词作表语如:误HisEnglishisverywell.他的英语很好（应将well改为good）在名词前通常要用seemtobe尤其是当名词前带有定冠词或物主代词修饰时，如以下各句中的tobe均不能省略如Heseemedtobetheownerofthecar.他好像就是车主Ispoketoamanwhoseemedtobetheboss.我跟一个人说话，他看上去像是老板Washingthecarseemstobeyourmainhobby.洗车似乎是你的主要爱好但是，在着重表现主观感受的名词短语前，有时可以省去tobeo此时名词前通常会有一个描绘性形容词修饰如Itseemstobeagoodidea.那似乎是个好主意Itseemstobearealbargain.这东西似乎很便宜下面一句中的fool前虽然没有形容词修饰，但afool本身相当于形容词foolish Heseemstobeafool.他似乎是个笨蛋

三、后接非谓语动词时后接不定式的被动式时，有时可以省略tobe而只保留过去分词尤其是当其中的过去分词可用作形容词时更是如此如AnnandRobertseemtobemadeforeachother.安和罗伯特真似天生的一对Shedidntseemtobeconvincedbytheargument.这个论点似乎没有使她信服但后接不定式的进行式时，通常不能省略tobe因为seem后习惯上不接现在分词作表语所以，下面各句中的tobe均不宜省略Historyseemstoberepeatingitself.历史似乎在重演Heseemstobesayingsomething.他似乎在说什么Hishealthseemstobeimprovinglittlebylittle.他健康状况看来正在好转注如果seemtobedoingsth结构中的doing不是现在分词，而是形容词，则可省略其中的tobe如Hisideaseemstobeexciting.他的主意看来令人激动Sheseemedtobelackinginenthusiasm.她似乎缺乏热情

四、与therebe结构连用时当seem用于therebe结构时，其通常的表现形式为Thereseemstobe-其中的tbe可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留为多见如Thereseemstobesomethingwronghere.这儿好像有点不大对劲Thereseemstobeamistakeinthesefigures.这些数字中好像有个错误ThereseemedtobenobodyaboutsoIwentin.附近似乎没有人，因此我就走了进去Thereseemstobeeveryreasontobelievethatbusinesswillgetbetter.看来完全有理由相信生意会转好注省略tobe后，seem便直接充当了be的作用

五、后接表语形容词时在作表语用的以a-开头的形容词前通常不能省略tobe如Heseemedtobealone.他似乎是一个人Thechildrenseemtobeasleep.孩子们似乎睡着了ThechildrenseemedtobeawakewhenIwentintotheirroom.在我进屋时，孩子们似乎醒了误Becarefully.小心点（应将carefully改为careful）误Thesouptastesnicely.这汤味道不错（应将nicely改为nice）但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，这主要限于inonoffoutawaybehindupdownoverthrougharoundroundbelowinsideoutside等少数副词小品词以及herethereupstairsdownstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词Isyourmotherin你母亲在家吗？Everyoneisherenow.现在大家都到齐了Imustbeoffnow.我现在得走了系动词run的用法run用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配如■runcoldMybloodrancold.我的血都凉了Thesightofthedeadbodymadehisbloodruncold.他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然ThewaterrancoldwhenIturnedthetapon我把水龙头打开，水就凉了■rundryThewellrandry.这口井干枯了Thelittlepondrandry.那座小池塘干涸了TheRiverWeyrandryduringtherecentdrought.近来天气干旱，韦河干涸了■runhighFeelingsagainsthimranhigh反对他的情绪高涨Feelingoverthedismissalranhigh.对解雇事件群情鼎沸Passionsranhighastheelectionapproached.选举日期临近，人们情绪很高涨■runlooseThelionhasrunloose.狮子从笼子里跑出来了runlowThepetrolsrunninglow.汽油快用完了Wererunninglowonpetrol.我们的汽油不多了Oursuppliesarerunninglow.我们的供应品不多了■runriotThecrowdranriotinthestreets.群众在街上乱跑Footballhooligansranriotthroughthetown.闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为Inflationisrunningriotandpricesareoutofcontrol.通货极度膨胀，物价失去控制runshortIhaverunshortofmoney.我缺钱Goandgetsomemoreoilsowedontrunshort.去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了ImlateforworkeverydayandImrunningshortofexcuses.我每天迟到，现在找不到什么藉口了runsmallTheseshirtsrunsmall这些衬衫小了runstrongThetidewasrunningstrong.潮水上涨了runwildThevioletsarerunningwildintheflowerbed.紫罗兰在花圃里乱长Thoseboyshavebeenallowedtorunwild.那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮有时跟副词或介词短语MycontractrunsoutinSeptember.我的合同九月份到期Oursuppliessoonranout.我们的供应品很快用完Thetrucksrunoutofgasagain.卡车又没有汽油了系动词fall的用法fall用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词或名词搭配如fallasleepThechildsoonfellasleep.孩子很快睡着了Whilehewasstudyinghefellasleep.他念书念得睡着了Hefellasleepwiththelightstillburning.灯还开着他睡着了Hesaidthatifhefellasleepatthewheelshewastowakehimup.他说，如果他在开车时打瞌睡，她必须把他叫醒fallillTomsuddenlyfellillyesterday.汤姆昨天突然病了Hehasfallenill.他病了Hewastohavebeenthenewambassadorbuthefellill.他本来要出任新大使，但是病倒了fallsilentHefellsilent.他静了下来AtthePresidentJsentryeveryonefellsilent.总统进来时大家都安静下来fallavictimHefellavictimtohercharms.他成了她魅力的受害者Lotsofpeoplefellvictimstofascism.许多人成了法西斯的受害人fallpreyThezebrafellpreytothelion.那斑马被狮子捕食Shewaspreytoirrationalfears.她遭受着无端恐惧的折磨系动词rest的用法rest用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配如■restamysteryTheaffairrestsamystery.这件事一直是个谜resteasyResteasy.不要紧张restassuredYoucanrestassuredthatIwilldomybest.你放心，我会尽力YoucanrestassuredthatI11domybest.你可以放心我会尽力而为的Youmayrestassuredthateverythingpossibleisbeingdone.你尽管放心，正在尽力把一切都做好Youmayrestassuredthat1willdoeverythingIcalltohelpyou.你可以相信我会尽力帮助你的■restthusThematterreststhus—thatyouareresponsibleforthedamage.事实仍然是这样一一你得对损坏负责系动词continue的用法continue可用作连系动词，其后可接形容词、介词短语等如:接形容词Hecontinuedsilent.他继续沉默着Wehopetheweatherwi11continuefine.我们希望天气继续很好Itdidnotseemlikelythathewouldcontinuelonginthatposition.他似乎不太可能长期留在这个职位接介词短语Mothercontinuesinweakhealth.母亲身体仍然很虚弱Hecontinuesingoodcondition.他的健康情况仍然良好AfterhisillnesstheMinistercontinuedinofficethoughhewasnolongeruptothework/uptodoingthework.部长生病后继续任职，但他已力不胜任了系动词come和gocome和go都可用作连系动词，表示事物状态的变化Thehandlehascomeloose.这个把柄松了Thisenvelopehascomeunstuck.这封信开了Wrongnevercomesright.错的永远不会变成对的Yourshoe-laceshavecomeundone.你的鞋带散了Thepackageisabouttocomeunwrapped.那个包快散开了Thechildrenwentwildwithexcitement.孩子们欣喜若狂Shewentpaleatthenews.听了这消息她脸色变得苍白Hewentmadintheend.最后他疯了Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.大热天鱼很容易坏Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子们不应挨饿两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点，有时还可从好坏方面去区别即come用于“好”的变化，g用于“坏”的变化如Themeathasgonebad.这肉变味了Somethinghasgonewrongwiththeradio.这收音机什么地方出了毛病Thingswillcomeright.一切会顺利地进行Ilerdreamhascometrue.她的梦想实现了表示人的生理变化通常用goo如goblind变瞎godeaf变聋gogrey两鬓渐白但是go通常不与oldilltired等连用become后可接哪些词become用作连系动词，意为“成为”，其后可接.名词Theybecamegreatfriends.他们成了莫逆之交Heaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.他打算当一名电脑专家Shehasbecomeapainterofdistinction.她成了一名杰出的画家.形容词Shebecameveryfondofher.她变得非常喜欢她了Hesoonbecameangry.他过了一会儿就生气了Shehasbecomefamiliarwiththehouse.她对这房子已变得很熟悉Ivebecomeusedtoavegetariandiet.我已习惯于素食.过去分词Theyhadjustbecomeengaged.他们刚刚订婚Atlastthetruthbecameknowntous.我们终于知道了真相Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.房间很快变得拥挤起来Jamiewasbecomingannoyedwithme.杰米变得对我不高兴起来其后一般不接不定式他开始对生物感兴趣了误Hebecametobeinterestedinbiology.正Hebecameinterestedinbiology.于是我们开始喜欢他了误Thenwebecametolikehim.正Thenwebegan[came]tolikehim.appear的用法appear用作连系动词，其意为“似乎”“好像”，其后的表语可以是不定式Heappearedtobetalkingtohimself.他仿佛在跟自己讲话Shedidntappeartoknowanythingaboutit.她似乎对此一无所知Theyappearedtobesatisfiedwiththeresult.他们似乎对结果感到满意Theyarentascleverastheyappeartobe.他们并不像他们看起来那样聪明Thereappearstobelittleenthusiasmforyouridea.人们好像对你的想法不大热心Thereseemstobesomethingwronghere.这儿好像有点不大对劲形容词Heappearedquitewell.他显得身体相当好Heappearsquiterich他似乎相当富有Tocompromiseappearsadvisable.看来以妥协为好名词Hedidntwanttoappearafool.他不愿显得像个傻瓜Itappearsatruestory.这似乎是一件真事从句Itappearsthatheforgottosigntheletter.他似乎忘记在信上署名了ItappearsthattheplanedidnotlandinRome.似乎飞机并未在罗马着陆seemtobe中的tobe何时可以省略

一、后接形容词时当seem后接形容词作表语时，如果谈的是客观事实，即看上去肯定是真实的东西，通常用seemtobe；如果谈的是主观印象，则通常只用seem但由于这种区别在没有上下文的情况下并不总是很清楚，所以在许多情况下两个结构均可以用如Heseemstobeill.他似乎生病了Heseemstobequitehappy.他似乎很高兴Heseemstobequiterich他似乎相当富有Sheseemstobeverysleepytoday.今天她看上去很困倦但在有些情况下，由于其语境比较特殊，可能用其中一个结构比另一个结构更合适，如下面一句中的seems后最好不用tobe Heseemsolderthanheis.他看上去比实际年龄大

二、后接名词时。