高中英语高考复习主旨大意专项练习（附参考答案）

高考英语主旨大意练习ARodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatripthatwilltakehimtoeverystateinthenationmowinglawns（修理草坪）.FiveyearsagoSmithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedtohelp.“WhenIcameacrosstheelderlymanmylifechanged“hesaiD.AfterthatSmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService（RMLCS）tomowlawnsfortheelderlydisabledsinglemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.Aspartofprovidingfreeyardworktheorganizationteacheschildrenaboutservingtheircommunitiesandlawnmowersafety.AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchallengewhichsetsagoalforchildrennationwidetomow50lawnsforfreeintheircommunity.WhenakidsignsupforthechallengethegroupsendsthemawhiteshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo（标识），shadesandearprotection.Theparticipantsreceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery10thlawntheymow.Whentheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yardstheyreceiveaspecialvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.Theygivethevolunteeranewlawnmowerfreeofchargeandcutotherlawnswiththem.Sincethischallengestartedin201612kidshavealreadycompletedthechallenge.Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpresenttheyhave130kidsnationwidetakingpartinthischallengeincludinginBermudaandtheU.K.andoneinCanada.Soitsspreadingworldwide.EventheQueenofEnglandtooknotice一thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.ItwasalsolastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50States50Lawnscampaign.Nowin2020hesontheroadagain.

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareServiceA.EducatechildrentoworkharD.B.Offerfreelawncuttingservice.Makelawnmowersofhighquality.Trainprofessionallawnmowingworkers.WhyistheQueenofEnglandmentionedA.Topraisethequeenforhercare.B.ToproveSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.C.ToshowSmithsbehaviorgotrecognizeD.D.TointroducewhereSmithsmotivationcamefrom..WhatcanbethebesttitleforthetextA.MowLawnsinOrdertoTravelB.LawnMowing—aNewTrendC.ChooseMowingLawnstoHelpD.Smith——aManLovesMowingLawnsAdolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）iftheirmothersdie.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatchontheyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcantosomeextenthelpthem.SimilarlyasecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzeeshaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamiliarhumanisinjureD.RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrackingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalParkUgandawhenadeadlydiseasestrucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFebruary

2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.ReddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfourpairsofyoungchimpanzeesiblingswheretheolderofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersiblingswere6to7yearsolD.Thepairsspentmuchmoretimetogetheraftertheirmothers5deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachother./zItwasliketheywerebothseekingphysicalcontactallthetime〃saysReddy.Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysensebecausebyhelpingtheirsiblingstheolderchimpsareactingintheinterestoftheirowngenes.〃WecantbesurewhatisgoingthroughtheirmindsbutReddysaystheyoungersiblingswereclearlyscaredandupsetandtheoldersiblingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously.IamhesitanttouseawordlikeresponsibilitysaysReddybutshesaystheywererespondingtotheirsiblings5suffering.Inlinewiththischimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured:theymayinspectorhelpdealwithawoundforinstance.YutaroSatoatKyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolleagueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseeinganinjury.TheyshowedsixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamiliarandwhohadaseriouswounD.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps，noseswhichisknowntohavelinkswithastrongnegativeemotion.Whatdoestheunderlinedword〃this〃refertoA.Chimpsunwillingnesstohelp.B.Chimpsmindsfullofsadness.C.Chimpsreactiontotheirsiblings，suffering.D.Thedecreaseofchimpsnosetemperature.WhichisthebesttitleforthetextA.ChimpsreallydocareB.ThemysteryofchimpsC.Chimps:tobeornottobeD.ThepowerofevolutioncWoodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeapdurable（耐用的），easilyavailableandmostimportantlyenvironmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnotistransparent（透明的）・NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholmsKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnologythematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewoodslignin（木质素）.Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer（聚合物）andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalsoalmosttransparent.TheresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewooD.Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchipshetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.TheresearcherswhorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromo1ecu1esonApril11pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowformorenaturallightortocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallowslighttopassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thesemi-transparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoretimetointeractwiththeconductorthusresultinginbettersolarefficiency.Additionallysubstitutingthecurrentlyusedglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovetheircarbonfootprintandlowerthecost.Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartuthatfeature“inParagraph1refertoA.Cheapness.B.Durability.C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.WhichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetransparentwoodismadeA.Dipthewoodintoapolymer.B.Reducetheamountofthepolymer.Makethewoodlignin-free.Bakethewoodforsometime.

10.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetextA.Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.Varyingtheamountofthepolymerchangesthewoodshardness.Thecostofmakingthetransparentwoodstillneedstobecutdown.Thetransparentwoodwouldbeusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutA.ThebrightfutureofthetransparentwooD.B.Thewood，sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thedisadvantagesofthecurrentlyusedglass.Solarenergymanufacturerscarbonfootprint.DDolphinsAfricangrayparrotsandsomeotheranimalsunderstandtheideaofzero“butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconceptconsideringtheinsectstinybrainsaccordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons（神经元），comparedwiththe86billionneuronsinhumans一andyettheygraspaconceptthathumansbysomemeasuresdontstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocardseachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthemliketrianglesorcircles.Thentheytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicioussweetrewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheemptycard一thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthatzero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadonesymbolonititbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexampletheymoreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism（机制）behindwhatallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing“AdrianDyeraresearchersaiD.Thisunderstandinginturncouldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence（AI）thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.IfbeescanunderstandzerowithabrainoflessthanamillionneuronsitsuggeststherearesimpleefficientwaystoteachAInewtricks“Dyersaidinthestatement.WhatisasurprisingfindingfortheresearchersManyanimalsalsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.WhatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertrainingA.Flydirectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythingonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.

14.WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindingsA.Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecomplextricks.D.Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthetextknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.canunderstandmuchashumansdo.willhelptoimproveAIinthefuturecanbetrainedtocomprehend“zero”.附参考答案A【答案】B【解析】推理判断题根据第二段“SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService（RMLCS）tomowlawnsfortheelderlydisabledsinglemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.”可矢口史密斯创办RMLCS是为了给老人，残疾人，单亲妈妈和退役军人免费修理草坪故选B【答案】C【解析】细节理解题根据第四段“EventheQueenofEnglandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.可知，甚至英国女皇都知道史密斯，并派总督代表她给史密斯颁奖故选C【答案】C【解析I主旨大意题全篇叙述了史密斯为特定人员免费修理草坪，并且为全国孩子设立目标为自己的家园免费修理50码的草坪这一系列的举动，都是和修理草坪相关，是一种助人的行为故选CB【答案】I）【解析】理解题干，迅速定位到文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcantosomeextenthelpthem.”由此判断选D项【答案】A【解析】读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果，即如何具体实施研究，故选A项；第四段介绍了科学家的分析，因此把干扰项B排除；文章介绍了两个实验，第三段中没有进行比较，因此选项C排除；文章是说明文体裁，没有进行故事描写，排除D项故选A项【答案】C【解析】理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsiblings，suffering”；理解第四段第一句话“Inlinewiththischimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured”，（与之一致，当猩猩看到同伴受伤时，会做出反应）；“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句话故选C项【答案】A【解析】A选项“猩猩的确关爱”本文通过两个实验发现猩猩在同伴或亲属痛苦受伤时表现出关爱，故选择A选项；B选项“猩猩的神秘表述太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除；C选项“猩猩，生存还是毁灭与本文主题不相关，故排除；D选项“进化的力量”，太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除C【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题根据第一段中的“Itischeapdurable（耐用的），easilyavailableandmostimportantlyenvironmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnotistransparent（透明的）”可知木头便宜，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持续但是它不是透明的而最后一句提到由于科学家的努力，已经将“那个特点”添加到已有的特点单子里了根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了“透明”也成为了它的一个特点故该画线词应该指D选项透明【答案】B【解析】细节理解题根据第二段中的Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer（聚合物）andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhoursv可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文不符故B选项切题【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中的“Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse”可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加合算，易于使用由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高，需要降低成本故C选项正确【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能电池板，环保等方面的应用由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来故A选项正确D【答案】C【解析】细节理解题根据第一段“...butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconceptconsideringtheinsectsJtinybrains...”可知令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小，但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念故C选项正确【答案】D【解析】细节理解题根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的故D选项正确【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段IfbeescanunderstandzerowithabrainoflessthanamillionneuronsitsuggeststherearesimpleefficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.可知，AdrianDyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感故A选项正确【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主耍是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念故A选项正确。