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冀教版七年级英语语法可数名词和不可数名词精讲精练1概念引入可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式它在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也只用单数形式2用法讲解
一、名词的概念表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词
二、名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词
(一)普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体,如girl;desk;dog;window;book;pen等)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体,如family;class;people等)不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物,如water;paper;silk;honey;cream;money等)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念,如work;happiness;music;difficulty;beauty;youth;poverty等)
(二)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等,如Tom;theGreatWall;theSpringFestival;France;China;Christmas等
三、名词的数
(一)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种.规则变化一般情况下,在词尾加S例如book—books;hat—hats;pencil—pencils;girl—girls以清辅音结尾的名词后的S的读音为/S/以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的S读音为/Z/在/p//1//k//f/等清辅音后一/s/cups;cats;books;photographs在/b//d//g//v/等浊辅音后一/z/cards;bags;knives;labs;lions2以sxchsh结尾的名词,变复数时,要在词尾加-es例如:beach—beachesbrush—brushesbus—busesbox—boxesclass—classesglass—glasseslunch-lunches⑶以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i再加-es例如baby-babiescity-citiesfamily—familiescountry—countriesstrawberry—strawberriesies读音为[iz]注意以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s例如holidays;days;plays;ways;donkeys;boys;toys4以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数时,先把f或fe变为v再加-es例如wife—wivesleaf—leaveshalf—halvesknife—knivesthief-thievesshelf-shelvesves读音为[vz]
2.不规则变化1以结尾的名词,一般在词尾加-s例如zoo—zoos;radio—radios;photo—photos;piano-pianoskangaroo—kangaroos而有些在词尾加-es它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”negro-negroes;hero-heroes;potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes2有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es而是变换其中的字母例如man—men;woman-women;policeman-policemen;Englishman-Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;child-children;mouse-mice;ox-oxen公牛3还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同例如:Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;sheep—sheep;deer—deer
(4)复合名词:
①前面的名词是man或woman变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式例如manteacher-menteachers;womandriver-womendrivers
②如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式例如boystudent-boystudents;appletree—appletrees
③与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s例如brother-in-law—brothers-in-law;passer-by—passers-by0
(5)有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数例如roof—roofschief—chiefsgulf—gulfs
(6)某国人的复数口诀中日不变英法变,其余s加后面例如Chinese(中国人)一Chinese;Japanese(日本人)一JapaneseEnglishman(英国人)一Englishmen;Frenchman(法国人)一FrenchmenGerman(德国人)一Germans;American(美国人)一Americans
(7)有些名词通常只用作复数例如glasses眼镜;clothes衣服;goods货物;trousers裤子
(8)集体名词的数
①有些集体名词通常只用作复数如people;cattle;police
②有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员例如Thisfamilyisabigfamily.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.Thereare50studentsinthisclass.Theclassarelisteningtotheirteacher.
(二)不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量⑴表不定数量时,一般用much(a)1ittlealotof/lotsofsomeany等词修饰例如muchmoney;alittlebread;alotoficecream;somejuice
(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数例如abottleofmilk;aglassofwater;acanofbeer;apieceofpaper;twobottlesofmilk;twopiecesofpaper;twoglassesofwater注意我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量例如aboxoforanges;twobagsofbooks;aroomofstudents
(三)有些词,单数形式和复数形式的词义不同,需特别注意例如sand沙一sands沙滩;chicken鸡肉一achicken小鸡;orange橘汁一anorange橘子;room空间、余地一aroom房间;good(好处,益处)一goods(货物);custom(风俗)一customs(海关);spirit(精神)—spirits(情绪);manner(方式)一manners(礼貌);force—forces(武装力量);communication(通讯)一communications(通讯系统,通讯工具);cloth(布)一clothes(衣服);content(内容)一contents(目录);convenience(便利)一conveniences(便利设备);humanity(人类)—humanities(人文科学);necessity(需要)一necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)一pains(辛劳);ruin(毁灭)一ruins(废墟,遗迹);wood(木材)一woods(树林);work(工作)一works(工厂,著作);air—airs(架子神气)可数名词和不可数名词精讲练习
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空HowmanysheeparethereonthehillThereissomefoodinthebasket.Thebabyhasonlytwotoothnow.Thereisalotofwaterinthebottle.Therearefivepeopleinhisfamily.LefstakephotoOKIhavelotsoftomatohere.Theleafonthetreeturnyellow.Thechildareplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.Theirdictionarylooknew.1havethreeforeignfriends.TheyareAmerican.Theyarewomandoctors.CanyougivemesomebottlesoforangepleaseTherearemanyfoxinthepicture.Iwouldlikesomeapplejuice.Iamverythirsty.
二、选择填空Thedeerhasfour.A.footB.feetC.feetsD.footsHertwobrothersareboth.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemenD.policemensTherearefourandtwointhegroup.JapaneseGermenJapanesesGermenJapaneseGermansJapanesesGermansTwowillcometothevillage.A.woman-doctorswomendoctorwomendoctorswomandoctorsCanyouseenineinthepictureA.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horseThehastwo.boyswatchesboywatchboywatchesboyswatchTheboyoftenbrusheshisbeforehegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teethsTheJapanesewillnotleaveChinauntilshefinishesherstudy.A.womanB.womenC.manD.menTherearelotsofinthebasketonthetable.A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatossThecatcaughttwolastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices【真题链接】YesterdayLucytoldussuchgoodthatweareallamazedatit.A.newsB.ideasC.suggestionD.answerTherearefiftyinourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.womanteacherswomenteacherwomanteacherwomenteachers一AfterP.E.Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—WhynotbuysometodrinkA.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas—WhenisDay—ItsonJune1stDave.A.ChildB.ChildrenC.ChildsD.Childrens”Lilyletsmakevegetablesalad.Howmanydoweneed”“Oneisenough/1A.orangesB.potatoC.tomatoesMumifssohot.CouldIhavesomeA.hamburgersB.breadC.ice-cream。
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