还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
初中英语中考复习之数词与介词
一、考点、热点I数词
(一)、表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词数词有
一、
二、
三、
四、
五、
六、
七、
八、
九、
十、
十一、
十九、
二十、百、千、万、百万、千万、亿等
(二)、基数词和序数词1)基数词写法和读法345threehundredandforty-five;2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数a.与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scoresofpeople指许多人;b.在一些表示“一排“或“一组”的词组里;如Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两的到达了c.表示“.几十岁”:dozensofages;d.表示“年代”用inthe数词复数;e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.3)除了firstsecondthird以及和它们一起组成的高位序数词以外,序数词的构成方法是在相应的基数词之后加-th但要注意fiftheighthtwelfth等不规则拼法twentythirty等在变为序数词时,要把y变成i再加-eth
(三)、倍数的表达方法.用...times表示如Myroomi.sthreetimesaslargeasyours.我的房间是你的三倍大小如果表示“是……两倍数”一般用twice如Myroomistwiceaslargeasyours.我的房间是你的两倍大小.用-fold表示如Thevalueofthestockhasincreasedtwo-foldsinceweboughtit.股票的价值已涨至我们购买时候的两倍.用-%表示如Thecollectionofourschoollibraryis200%upcomparedwith
1998.我们学校图书馆藏书量与1998年相比增长了一倍..用double(翻一番),triple三倍于),again等词表示倍数如:thecoatIhavejustbought.这件外套和我刚买的那件外套的价格一样
(四)、分数、小数和百分数表示法L分数的分子以基数词表示,分母以序数词表示,当分子大于1时,序数词要用复数,其写法与读法如下1/2—a/onehalf1/3—a/onethird1/4—a/onefourth;a/onerquarter2/5—twofifths.小数是以基数词加小数点表示,小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读,小数点后面的数按个位基数词依次读出,如
0.5一zeropointfive
0.006一zeropointzerozerosix
0.257一zeropointtwofiveseven
148.06一a/onehundredandforty-eightpointzerosix其中zero可替换为naught或读作oh.百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成,百分号(%)读作percent如
0.6%一zeropointsixpercent5%一fivepercent100%—onehundredpercent
12.34%一twelvepointthreefourpercent
(五)、时间的表示法.十二小时计时制使用十二小时计时制,为了避免午前、午后时刻的混淆,有时要在时刻后面加a.m./am或p.m./pm以示区别如10:11a.m.6:20p.m.o.二十四小时计时制用于军事或国际时刻的二十四小时制,书写时用四位数字时”和分”之间可用“”,也可省略如0000(零时)、1300(十三时)、1830(十八时三十分)
(六)、年份的表示法.年份通常用阿拉伯数字表示,用基数词读公元前用B.C.表示,公元用A.D.表示,读其字母音A..D.一般用于公元1年到公元999年之间的年份如公元前502年写作502B.C.公元429年写作429A.D.公元1000年写作1000o.年代表示法年代用年份的阿拉伯数字加一,s或-s表示如十七世纪二十年代写作1620,s或1620s初期、中期、末期分别用earlymid-和late表示如三十年代初期写作theearlythirties三十年代中期写作themid-thirtieso三十年代末期写作±elatethirties二十世纪五十年代初期写作±eearly1950s;中期写作themid-1950s;末期写作thelate1950s.月、日的表示法表示月、日既可以先写月”再写“日也可先写“日力再写“月二如9月1日写作Septemberb读作Septemberthefirst;或1September读作thefirstofSeptember于年、月、日,要将年份放在最后,用逗号和月、日隔开,如199s年7月1日写作July11993或1Ju、;1993在非正式文体中,年、月、日可以全用数字表示如1996年6月10日写作6101996或1061996为避免误解,宜将月份拼出
七、“大约”的表示法1aboutapproximatelyaroundmoreorlessroughlysome等词数词或数词moreorlessorsoorthereabouts等词如about/some1000books2000seatsmoreorlessapproximately86milessixtyorsopages/sixtypagesorso/sixtypagesorthereaboutssomewhere也可表示“大约,如somewhereabout300peopleo2基数词或阿拉伯数字末尾-isho如rilcomeattenishtomorrowmorning.十点左右Sheis40ish五十岁左右3十位数-So如Heisinhisteens.Sheisinherforties.
八、“多于……”、“大于……”表示法1abovemorethanover等数词如above90Yuanstudentsover452数词odd如20-oddchairs3“少于”、“不至”表示法almostbelowlessthanunder等数词如almosttenyearsoldlessthanaminuteundertwohours数词归纳基数词注意事项1十位数于个位数之间通常用连字符号一百以上的数词通常在百位与十位之间加and没有十位数时百位数与个位数之间通常也要加and例如231twohundredandthirty-one509fivehundredandnine1465a/onethousandfourhundredandsixty-five2用阿拉伯数字书写千以上的数目时,要由右向左每三位数间由一个空格第一个空格前为thousand;第二个空格前为million;第三个空格前为thousandmillion英或billion美英语中没有万,十万,千万,亿这样的单位数词,故每两个空格间的三位数都被看作“十位数或百位数的千”或“十位数或百位数的百万例如56000fifty-sixthousand600000000sixhundredmillion3dozenscorehundredthousandmillion等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s例如afewhundredmeters几百米severalmillionpeople数百万人twothousandteachers两千位老师但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时则应用-sof构成短语如:hundredsofbooks几百本书thousand-sofworkers几千个工人
(4)表示一百一千一百万时需加上one或不定代词ao$01000athousand1031athousandandthirty-one1100onethousandonehundred1498onethousandfourhundredandninety-eight比较数字的开头多用不定代词a(见前两例),但在一个有百位数的数目前或在一个数目中间,则要用one(见后两例)基数词的位置1)位于anotherall之后,如Canyouhaveanothertwocakes你还能吃2块蛋糕吗?Theboylostallthefivepencilslastweek.这孩子上周把5枝铅笔全丢了2)位于such和more之前,如Icanfinishreadingtwosuchbooksintwodays.两天里我能读完这样的两本书Pleasegivemeonemoreappletoeat.请再给我一个苹果吃3)可置于lastnextother之前或之后,如HislasttwobooksarewritteninEnglish.他的后两本书是用英语写的数词的特殊用法.a序数词(再一,.又一)和the序数词(第)rilseethemovieasecondtime.(再看一次)ThisisthesecondtimeIhaveseenthefilm.(第二次).具有夸张含义的成语中的数词并不表示具体的数如Theglassbrokeintoahundredpieces.(摔得粉碎)Oncebittentwiceshy.(一次被咬下次胆小)Athousandthankstoyou.(万分感谢)介词介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循,主要是与名词或相当于名词的成分构成介宾短语在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语在初中范围内应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来介词归纳about大约在时间aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远aboutfivekilometers关于、涉及talkaboutyouabove高出某一平面abovesealevelacross横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossth.estreetafter在之后aftersupper总艮后面oneafteranother追赶runafteryouagainst背靠逆风againstthewallagainstthewind反对beagainstyouamong三者以上的中间amongthetreesat在某时刻atten在小地点attherschoolgate表示速度athighspeed向着,对着atmebefore在之前beforelunch位于之前sitbeforemebehind位于之后behindthetreebelow低于水平belowzero不合格belowthestandardby到时亥!J在时刻之前byfiveollock紧挨着sitebysite乘坐交通工具byairbyb汰e被由wasmadebyusduring在期间duringtheholidaysfor延续多长时间forfiveyears向去leaveforShanghai为了,对于begoodforyoufrom.从某时到某时frommorningtillnight来自何方fromNewYork由某原料制成bemadefrom来自何处whereareyoufromin在年、月、周较长时间内inaweek在里面intheroom用某种语言inEnglish穿着inredinto进入里面walkinto除分divideinto变动turnintowaternear接近某时nearfiveyears在附近neartheparkof用某种原料制成bemadeof属于性质amapofU.S.Aon某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在上面onthedesk靠吃为生liveonrice关于abookonPhysicsover渡过一整段时间workovernight在上方overthedesk超过,高于overfivepairspast超过某一时刻tenpastfive经过某地walkpasttheparksince从某时以来since1980原因Sinceyouwereillthrough经过某一时期throughhislife通过、穿过某地throughtheforesttilRuntil直到某时为止tillfiveoclockto差多少时间fivetoten问至ij去往toShanghai面对面facetoface给予giveabooktomeunder在下面underthedesk少于underten在管制之下undertherulewith用某种工具withapen带着,具有withme和我一起without没有withoutair没有空气注意介词短语不能直接做谓语要防止写出没有谓语的句子如【误】Hemhome.【正】Heisinhome.
二、典型例题oftheclothesmadeofcotton.A.Two-fifths;isB.Two-fifths;areC.Two-fifth;isD.Two-fifth;are一Whendidyoustarttocollectpens—IgotmypenwhenIwasyears.old.A.onesevenB.oneseventhC.firstseventhD.firstsevenItsthe_time.formetocometothisplace.Idontknowanythingaboutit.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.lastTheearthquakeinWenchuanleftpeoplehomeless.A.twothousandsB.thousandsofC.twothousandsofD.twothousandof
5、[2013上海】Wow!TenstudentsinourclasswillcelebratetheirfourteenthbirthdaysOctober.A.inB.onC.atD.to
6、【2012山东】Noonecanbesuccessfulhardwork.A.throughB•forC.withD.without
7、【2011广西贵港】
31.一WhoelsedoyouknowatthepartyJimandTom一LucyandLily.A.inB.nextC・amongD.besides
8、[2013上海]
34.Thechemicalsinthevegetablesandfruitarebadourhealth.A.fromB.withC.ofD.for
三、实战演练Inthisexamyoureaskedtowriteacompositionofabout.A.90-wordsB.90-wordC.
90.wordsD.90wordsdoctorsareagainstH7N9intheworld.A.ThousandsB.AthousandofC.ThousandsofTomisboy.Hesveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen-years-QldTofinishtheprojectwevetriedfourtimesandafterdinnerwelltrytime.A.thefifthB.afifthC.fifthD.five
5、[2012天津]一Wouldyoupleasesh.owmethewaythebank—Yesgostraightahead.Ifsoppositeaschool.A.inB.forC.withD.to6>[2011广西贺州]
45.Wewillcelebratethe90thbirthdayoftheChineseCommunistPartyJuly1st
2011.A.onB.atC.inD.during—Fdlikeacupofwhitecoffee.WhataboutyouJohnTheoldmanisagoodswimmerandevennowheoftenswimsTuojiangRiveraftersupper.A.overB.throughC.to.D.across一DidyougotothelibraryonMarch10th一Ofcourse.Thereweremanykindsofbooks.A.onshowB.ondutyC.onbusinessD.ontimeTheteachershopeallofuscanhandourhomeworktimeeveryday.A.up;inB.out;onC.on;in.D.in;on—Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow—SorryIknownothingabouthim.Weare.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangersdontthinklookingafterchildrenisjustwork.A.womanB.womansC.womenD.womens3一Itssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.一Yeahandweneedtobuysomeinthemallnearby.A.foodB.furnitureC.hamburger—Wellyoulooksohappy!一BecauseIgotagood.A.workB.newsC.jobmotherscantgotothemeetingbecausetheyhavegonetoNewYorkonbusiness.A.AliceandLilysB.AlicesandLilysC.AlicesandLily.WhenIwasastudentIlikedtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsothatIcouldseethewordsmoreclearlyontheA.blackboardB.deskC.dictionaryD.postcard.Somethingiswrongwithmy.Icantseeanythingaroundme.A.noseB.earsC.eyes.一ThelandinthesouthwestofChinaisingreatneedof一Yesithasntrainedforalongtimethere.A.milkB.teaC.coffeesawmanyeatinggrassonthehill.A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheepTheteacheraskedtheboymanyquestionsbutheonlyansweredofthem.—Ineedsomethingforcuttingthepaper.—OhyouwantaknifeOKFilgetforyou.A.itB.thatC.thisSheisnewheresoweknowabouther.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everythingEmmacanyouintroducetoAliceIwanttomeether.A.himB.hisC.meD.my-Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom—Theyareallinthelab.A.SomeB.NoneC.AllD.Neither-Whichdoyoupreferteaorcoffee—isOK.Idontcare.15—WhoteachesEnglish-Noone.Iteach.A.you;myselfB.your;myself一WhataniceMP5!Whoseisit一ItsMyfatherboughtmelastweek.A.meB.himC.hisD.mine—WhichwouldyouliketovisitShanghaiExpoGardenorBeijingBirdNest—.Iprefertoenjoythe2010FIFAWorldCupathome.A.BothB.E汕erC.NeitherD.NoneTwoplacesofinterestinBeijingneewell-knowntopeoplefromhomeandabroad.OneistheGreatWallistheSummerPalace.A.theotherB.anotherC.other18一ExcusemeisthisLucysbook一Nothisisisoverthere.A.mine;HersB.my;HerC.my;HersD.mine;HerYouareinabadmoodalltheafternoon.Maybeyouneedlikemetocheeryouup.A.nooneB.noneC.someoneD.everyone。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0