论语原文选段之四 三十而立

［论语原文选段之四】三十而立子日吾十有五而志于学1三十而立2四十而不惑3五十而知天命4六十而耳顺5，七十而从心所欲6不逾矩70〃【概述】这是《论语》为政篇第二〃中的第四篇本篇概括了孔子一生不断追求仁所达到的各种境界中外思想家能象孔子这样简明扼要地总结毕生历程者，似甚罕见后人常用此指人生的各个阶段本篇翻译的难点是如何正确理解而立〃、不惑〃、知天命〃、耳顺〃、从心所欲，不逾矩〃等关键词一百多年前辜鸿铭先生把‘‘天命译作thetruthinreligion（宗教的真谛），这种译法的实际效果等于把孔子当作宗教师祖向国外介绍，似乎不符合原意本段今译孔子说我十五岁立志学习；三十岁立身处世站稳了脚跟；四十岁时明白各种事理而不迷惑；五十岁时懂得天命；六十岁时对别人的话能辨别是非曲直；七十岁时能随心所欲而不越出规矩〃【翻译要点评析】、、吾十有五而志于学〃，有〃是连词，加在整数和零数之间可不译出，十有五〃意即十五岁而J此段中的六个而〃都是连词，表示时间at志〃立志「于J是介词，相当于在……方面志于学〃setmymindonlearning;madeupmymindtostudy三十而立〃，对于立〃，有两种理解，王福林认为孔子的本意是立于礼〃，即一切按礼办事〃故译成actedontheproprietieso而其他中外译者都理解为在社会上立身出世站稳了脚跟“，故有译文stoodfirm;plantedmyfeetfirmupontheground;havebeenwellestablished等在当代中国人心目中对而立之年〃的理解都与后者相同四十而不惑不惑〃明白各种事理而不迷惑wasnolongerperplexed;haveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;hadnodoubtSo王福林先生则从孔子的仁礼观〃出发，认为不惑〃就是不惑于仁〃，亦即能辨明仁与不仁couldmakecleardistinctionbetweenbenevolence（仁慈，善行）andnon-benevolence（不仁）”五十而知天命〃，王福林认为天命〃是客观必然性，是指道德修养中的一种很高的境界，把知天命〃译为Icametoknowtheexistenceoftheheavenlyprinciples赖波认为，‘矢口天命就是矢口道上天赋予自己的使命Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty其他的译者则把天命〃译作thedecreeofHeaven;thewillofHeaven等/十而而顺〃而顺〃对别人的话能辨别是非曲直havebeenabletodistinguishrightandwrongonotherpeopleswords王福林则译为theheavenlyprincipleswerenotoffensivetomyears七十而从心所欲〃，从〃:跟从，依从所欲〃:是所字短语〃，意即想要的事物从心所欲‘‘意即心里怎么想就怎么做coulddowhateverIwished;couldfollowwhatmyheartdesired不逾矩〃，逾J逾越gobeyond;overst即矩J规矩norms;rules;whatwasright王福林解释为天命的范围〃theheavenlyprinciples0美国诗人庞德则把矩〃译成T-square（丁字尺）很形象，但不符合实际，因为孔子时代还没有发明丁字尺【六种不同的译文】.理译TheMastersaid:AtfifteenIhadmymindbentonlearning.AtthirtyIstoodfirm.AtfortyIhadnodoubts.AtfiftyIknowthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixtymyearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.AtseventyIcouldfollowwhatmyheartdesiredwithouttransgressingwhatwasright//.威译TheMastersaidAtfifteenIsetmyheartuponlearning.AtthirtyIhadplantedmyfeetfirmupontheground.AtfortyInolongersufferedfromperplexities.AtfiftyIknewwhatwerethebiddingsofHeaven.AtsixtyIheardthemwithdocileear.AtseventyIcouldfollowthedictatesofmyownheart;forwhatIdesirednolongeroversteppedtheboundariesofright..王译Confuciussaid:AtfifteenIsetmymindonlearning.AtthirtyIactedontheproprieties.AtfortyIcouldmakeacleardistinctionbetweenbenevolenceandnon-benevolence.AtfiftyIcametoknowtheexistenceoftheheavenlyprinciples.Atsixtytheheavenlyprincipleswerenotoffensivetomyears.AtseventyIcoulddowhateverIwishedtowithoutgoingbeyondtheheavenlyprinciples.z.赖译Confuciussaid:Sincetheageof15Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;since30Ihavebeenwellestablished;since40Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwrongonotherpeopleswords;andsince70IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.z.潘译TheMastersaidAtfifteenIsetmyheartonlearning.AtthirtyIcouldsindfirm.AtfortyIhadnodoubts.AtfiftyIknewtheDecreeofHeaven.AtsixtyIwasalreadyobedienttothisdecree.AtseventyIcouldfollowthedesireofmymindwithoutoversteppingtheboundariesofwhatisright/

7.丁译ConfuciussaidAtfifteenImadeupmymindtostudy;atthirtyIwasestablished;atfortyIwasnolongerperplexed;atfiftyIunderstoodthewillofHeaven;atsixtyIlistenedtoeverythingwithoutfeelingunhappy;atseventyIfollowedallmydesiresandnoneofthemwasagainstthenorms.［六种译本对关键词译法之比较）理译威译王译赖译潘译丁译StoodfirmPlantfeetActedonHavebeenCouldstandWas立〃firmuponproprietieswellfirmestablished不惑〃groundestablishedHadnodoubtsNolongersufferedMakeaclearUnderstandHadnoWasnofromperplexitiesdistinctionbetweenmanythingsandhavenodoubtslongerperplexedbenevolenceandlongerbeennon-benevolenceconfusedDecreesofWhatwere天HeaventhebiddingA〃叩ExistenceofMyheavenlyprinciplesheaven-sentofHeavendutyTheDecreeofThewillofHeavenHeavenMyearwasanHeardthem„obedientorganwithdocile耳HeavenlyBeabletoprincipleswerenotdistinguishforthe顺〃，receptionoftruthearoffensivetomyrightandWasalreadyobedienttothisdecreeearswrongListenedtoeverythingwithoutfeelingunhappyWithoutNolonger”不4A71transgressingoverstepped逾知〃WhatwasrightBoundariesofrightWithoutgoingbeyondtheWithoutbreakingtheWithoutNoneofheavenlyprinciplesrulesoversteppingthemwasboundariesagainstthenorms。