高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题讲义

高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体高考英语阅读理解中的记叙文类文章一般包括人物传记、哲理或故事等人物传记类文章描述某个人的生平事迹、奋斗历程；故事类文章通过一个小故事，说明一个道理

一、考情分析通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，个别试卷选用两篇记叙文所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的

二、文体特点与阅读策略.语言与结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程其特点是主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线.答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准【真题链接2022新高考I卷】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了英国一家慈善机构发起了一个让养老院老人养鸡的项目，以缓解老年人的孤独感，这个项目受到老年人的欢迎

28.D细节理解题根据第二段第一句Theprojectwasdreamedup...toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeopleswellbeing.v可知，这个项目的目的是缓解老年人的孤独感和提升他们的幸福感D项中的promote和welfare分别对应文中的improve和wellbeingo故选DB推理判断题根据第五段Itsgoodtohaveadifferentfocus…Imenjoyingthecreativeactivitiesanditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.可知，RuthXavier喜欢养鸡，做些有用的事让她感觉很好，由此可推断出她从养鸡这件事中获得了成就感故选BC词义猜测题根据embarkon前面的“oneofthefirst”及其后面的“Residentsreallywelcometheideaof”可知，此处指WendyWilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一，embarkon与C项begin意思相近故选CoA推理判断题根据最后两段中“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheproject...Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.v可矢口，人们欣然接受这个项目并且乐于参与，也就是这个项目很受大家欢迎故选Ao【真题链接2022新高考n卷】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书由此说明新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响B词义猜测题根据第一段内容以及画线词后的“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的对他们来说，这很正常而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点故画线词意思是“我很清楚”故选BA细节理解题根据第五段的“Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.（事实上，他对书本并不熟悉他的父亲经常用平板电脑里丰富多彩的图片逗他开心，戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生他认为我的故事书就是那样的）”可知，孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑故选AD细节理解题根据倒数第三段的“WellImaybeoldbutTmnothopelesslychallengeddigitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Tveevenbuiltwebsites.（我可能老了，但从数字技术角度来说，我不是无望地受到了挑战我编辑视频、制作音频我用移动支付我甚至建立了网站）”可知，作者认为自己懂数字技术故选DB细节理解题根据倒数第二段的“Theresonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperiencehowever:IvespentlittletimeinfrontofacamerasinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.（然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的缺口我很少在镜头前待着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的）”可知，作者作为记者很少出现在电视上故选B【真题链接2022全国甲卷】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了Ginni的一次难忘的南极洲之旅A词义猜测题根据第二段第二句butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherv及下文去南极洲旅行可知，Ginni一直渴望深入探索世界根据画线短语所在的句子可知，当她退休且她的儿子们独立生活后，她就有时间去做这些事情了所以此处与画线短语意思相近的选项为A表示做一些有挑战性的事情故选AC细节理解题根据第三段第二句“…getlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarctica・・.”及第

三、四句“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo/shesays.’IhadnoideaaboutwhatIdfindthere“可知，Ginni并不知道在南极会有什么发现，是打折的廉价船票促使她决定去南极洲旅行故选CC细节理解题根据最后一段“…apreciouslandtoberespectedbyhumans...”可知，旅行后Ginni意识到南极洲是一片珍贵的土地，值得人类的尊重和保护故选CB主旨大意题本文开篇即介绍了Ginni抵达南极洲时，可爱的企鹅开启了她终生难忘的旅行，下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等因此，B选项“一次难忘的经历”最能概括文章主旨故选B确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词

3.阅读策略在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系

三、实战演练【原创试题

（一）】IdidntquiteknowwhatIwaslookingforwhenIflewtoMongoliaforasemesterabroad.Ijustneededsomethingdifferentfarfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.MostdifferentIhopedwouldbemyruralhomestay:twoweeksincentralMongoliawithafamilyofnomadic（游牧的）herders.IwasstudyingMongolianatthetimebutstilltherewassomuchIcouldntsayorunderstand.AswewalkedinthesnowbehindthegoatsmyhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascoldthengiggleandcopyabigshivertomakesureIunderstood.Intheeveningssheshowedmehowtomakedumplingswithherfingers.Myhostsiblingswouldtalkwithmespeakingtoofastformetounderstandasweexploredtherocksaroundourtent;Idlistenandnod.Thisverbalobstaclewasstrangelyfreeing.Inthecrowdeddininghallathomemeetingnewpeoplemademeanxious.Idstayquietmeasuringoutmywordsstrugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldntexposemeasunfunnyorboring.InMongoliaIcouldntperfectmywords.IcouldonlysmileandtryoutoneofthephrasesIdmastered:MayIhelp”WhereisthedogAreyoutired”MyhostfamilylaughedatmypronunciationatthewayIthrewupmyhandsandeyebrowsinafrequentgestureofconfusion.ButintheirlaughterIfeltsafeunembarrassed.WithmyMongolianfamilyonthegrasslandIfoundafeelingofeaseIdneverfeltbefore.WeweresodifferenttheyandIandnotjustinlanguage.Theirskinwashardenedanddarkenedbysun;Idbeenhiddenunderhatsandsunscreensincebirth.Myhostsiblingsgrewupdrawingwaterfromfrozenstreamsandjoggingbehindherdsofsheep;Ispentsummersattenniscamp.Formethesegapsmadeallthedifference.WithoutsharedsocialmeasuresIwastednotimewonderinghowIwasmeasuringup.Onlyrealthings-kindnesshelpfulness-mattered.WhydidtheauthorgotoMongoliaforatermabroadShedreamedoflivinganomadiclife.Shewastiredofstudyinglateatnight.ShehadtostudyMongolians5normallife.Shewascollectinginformationforlibraries.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordshiverinparagraph2meanA.Hug.B.Smile.C.Attack.D.Tremble.HowdidtheauthorbehaveatthedininghallinherhomecountryShefeltateaseinthecrowd.Sheusuallyweighedherwords.Sheaskedalotoffunnyquestions.Sheoftenmadeotherslaughwithjokes.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromherlifeinMongoliaYouarejudgedwhereveryougo.Naturemakeshumansfeelinsignificant.Appearancereflectsonesstandardoflife.Beingkindisthecommonsocialstandard.【原创试题

（二）】SarahParkhasknownabouttheimpactofmusiconthebrainsinceayoungage.The13-year-oldwhohasbeenplayingtheviolinsinceshewas4saysshenoticeditspositiveeffectonthosearoundherespeciallyhergrandmotherwhosufferedfromamentalhealthillness.NowthemiddleschoolstudentfromJacksonvilleFloridahopestousemusictreatmenttohelpothersstrugglingwithmentalhealth.OnOctober192021herinventionSparkCare+earnedherthetitleofAmericasTopYoungScientistatthe3MYoungScientistChallengewhichisanannualnationalcompetitionthatinvitesstudentsingrades5-8tofindauniquesolutiontoaneverydayproblem.“Iwasprettyshockedwhentheyannouncedmynameasthegrandprizewinner“Parksaid.IwasexcitedandthrilledwithwhatstocomenextwithSparkCare+.“SparkCare+requiresparticipantstorespondtoaseriesofquestionsbasedontheHamiltonAnxietyandDepressionScaledesignedtoassessthepersonsmentalstate.Thedevicesinbuiltsensorsrecordvitalmentalhealthindicatorssuchastheheartrateandbloodpressure.SparkCare+sAI（ArtificialIntelligence）componentanalyzestheinformationandrecommendstheappropriatemusictohelplifttheparticipantsspirits.Italsomonitorsitsimpactonthelistener.Theninth-graderhopestoturnhermodelintoawristbandwithinbuiltsensorsaheart-ratemonitorandBluetooth.ShealsowantstobuildanapptomakeSparkCare+accessibletoeveryone.IhopetobeabletodistributeitaroundtheworldtopeopleofallagesJParksays.InadditiontobeinganinventorParkisalsoamusicalprodigy（天才）whohaswonseveralviolincompetitionsincludingtheFloridastatechampionship.Shealsoplaysthepianoandisamathchampion.Theteendesirestobeaninnovator（仓ll新者）andresearcherinthemedicalfieldusingtechnologyandrobotics.HeradvicetootheryoungscientistsDreambigaskquestionsandanythingispossible.”Whatdoesthe3MYoungScientistChallengeaimtodoA.Turnordinarystudentsintoscientists.B.Meetthechallengeofsciencebravely.C.Solvethespecificproblemsinlife.D.Findacureforamentalhealthillness.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexplaininparagraph4A.WhymusicisusedinSparkCare+.B.Whosuffersfrommentalillness.C.WhatanimportantroleAIplays.D.HowSparkCare+works.WhatwillmakeeveryonehaveaccesstoSparkCare+A.Anapp.B.Bluetooth.C.Awristband.D.Aheart-ratemonitor.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphSarahParklikestoaskmathquestions.SarahParkisagirlofdiversegifts.SarahParkdreamstobeafamousviolinist.SarahParkexpectstouseroboticsinmusic.【真题链接2022新高考I卷】Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeopleswellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementiaaseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:力usedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseetheyvegonetobed.“Itsgoodtohaveadiflerentfbcus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Imenjoyingthecreativeactivitiesanditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEastandthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilsonextracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreetoneofthefirsttoembarkontheprojectsaid:Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewisdirectorofNottingHillPathwayssaid:Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectA.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeopleswelfare.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavierA.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkonmeaninparagraph7A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.WhatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphsA.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【真题链接2022新高考n卷】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytellingwithmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledontevenrealizeitsnew.Forthemifsjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildrensbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures-aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIreadhereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.WhatsupwiththatHejustlikesthepicturesIthought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:IstheresomethingwrongwiththiskidThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorrykid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.Itsanoutdatedlifelessthing.Anantiquelikeyourgrandfather.WellImaybeoldbutImnothopelesslychallengeddigitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Iveevenbuiltwebsites.Theresonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperiencehowever:IvespentlittletimeinfrontofacamerasinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.ButthatdidntstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijingTianjinandHebeiprovince.Anywaygrandpaisnowaninternetstar-twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme“meaninparagraph2A.Providedshelterforme.C.Tookthepressureoffme.WhydidthekidpokethestorybookA.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhimselfA.Sociallyambitious.C.Financiallyindependent.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalistA.Helacksexperienceinhisjob.B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment.D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.【真题链接2022全国甲卷】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarcticashefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins（企鹅）longingtosayhello.Thesegentlelovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.EversinceherchildhoodGinninow71hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（职业）asaprofessionaldancershetouredintheUKbutalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenestshedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArtsGinnibegantotraveltheworldeventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuegothesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.IjustdecidedIwantedtogoJshesays.IhadnoideaaboutwhatIdfindthereandIwasntnervousIjustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshednevermetbeforetobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrisesthewholeexperiencewasamazing.AntarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehasJGinnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater/9TherealizationthatthisisapreciouslandtoberespectedbyhumanswasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstaketheplunge“underlinedinparagraph2A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarcticaA.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend9sinvitation.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourneyA.Itcouldbeahomeforher.accessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreservedintroduced.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Achildhooddreamexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.Antarctica.参考答案【原创试题

（一）】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要介绍了作者来到蒙古生活了一个学期，在这里她了解游牧民族的日常生活，感受到了牧民们的善良与热情B细节理解题根据第一段的“Ijustneededsomethingdifferentfarfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.可知，作者去蒙古生活了一个学期，是因为作者想远离大学城的深夜图书馆，说明作者已经厌倦了天天在图书馆熬到深夜的生活故选BD词义猜测题根据画线词前面的“myhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascold”可知，女主人问作者冷不冷再根据后面的“tomakesureIunderstood可知，女主人这么做是想确保作者明白她的意思，说明女主人在问的同时，模仿了冻得发抖的样子故选DB细节理解题根据第三段的“Fdstayquietmeasuringoutmywordsstrugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldntexposemeasunfunnyorboring.”可知，作者在家乡拥挤的餐厅里，总是会斟酌自己的言辞故选BD推理判断题根据最后一段的“Onlyrealthings-kindnesshelpfulness—mattered.”可知，作者明白了只有善良、乐于助人才重要故选D【原创试题

（二）】本文是一篇记叙文13岁的女孩SarahPark发明了名为SparkCare+的设备，该设备使用音乐疗法来改善用户的精神健康状况，SarahPark也因此赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号C细节理解题根据第二段的“the3MYoungScientistChallenge...tofindauniquesolutiontoaneverydayproblem.v可知，3M国际青年科学家挑战赛是一项邀请5至8年级学生解决现实问题的比赛故选CoD段落大意题本段主要介绍了SarahPark的这项发明的具体工作过程故选DA细节理解题根据第五段的“ShealsowantstobuildanapptomakeSparkCare+accessibletoeveryone.”可知，SarahPark想开发一个应用程序，让每个人都能使用故选AB推理判断题根据最后一段的“Inadditiontobeinganinventor”amusicalprodigy”“playsthepiano”和amathchampion”可知，SarahPark是一个多才多艺的女孩故选B。