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高中英语选修一unitl词汇用法重点句型讲解
一、背诵清单vitaladj.必不可少的;极其重要的(crucial);充满生机的bevitalfor/tosth对极其重要beofvitalimportanceto.・・对至关重要Itisvitalthatsb(should)dosth某人做某事是极其重要的Itisvitaltodo.・.做很重要eg.Facedwithsuchavitalproblemoflifeanddeathhestillkeptcalmwhichmadeusallsurprised.(人物描写)面对着这样重大的生死问题,他仍保持冷静,这使我们都很吃惊commitvt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)•commitmistakes/acrime犯错误/犯罪commitoneselftosth/doingsth/dosth专心致志于;承诺;保证(做某事、遵循协议或安排等)commitsth(time/money)to(doing)sth投入时间/金钱(做)某事•committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的becommittedto(doing)sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事•commitmentn.承诺,保证;花费;投入,忠于eg.Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)commitonehourtoreadingEnglishwhichwillgraduallyimproveyourspokenEnglish.(建议信)我强烈建苗你每天抽出一个小时读英语,这将逐渐提高你的英语口语objectiven.目标;目的(aimpurpose)adj.客观的【联想】发表“观点态度”
①subjectiveadj.主观的
②neutraladj.中立的
③indifferentadj.漠不关心的©unconcernedadj.漠不关心的evaluatevt.评价;评估;估计•evaluatesbon...根据评价某人•evaluationn.估计,评价makeanevaluationof...对进彳亍评估eg.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.(建议信)人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生propertyn.性质;特征;财产[联想]“财富,财产”相关名词力挈
①fortune
②treasure
③wealth©possessions©belongingsobtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行obtainknowledge获得知识obtainonesdegree获得学位obtainascholarship获得奖学金【同义】getacquiregainacknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)(recognize);(公开)感谢•acknowledge...tobe/as...承认是/为acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事•acknowledgedadj.公认的Itisacknowledgedthat.是大家公认的•acknowledgementn.承认;感谢eg.(全国卷n书面表达)Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatthefilmisnotonlyinstructivebutalsofullofpassion.(影评)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义,并且充满激情defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜•sufferadefeat遭受失败accept/acknowledgedefeat接受/承认失败•defeatanenemy打败敌人bedefeated被打败eg.Wehadntmadeafullpreparation;thatswhywesufferedadefeat.(学校生活)我们没有做充分的准备,这就是我们遭受失败的原因apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然(obviously/evidently)•Asisapparentlyshowninthepicture/passageabove...正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样……•apparentadj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的Itisapparent(tosb)that...(对某人来说)显然eg.Apparentlyhehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.fitisapparentthathehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.显然,他为这次面试做了充分的准备insistvt.vi.坚持;坚决要求insist(坚决要求/主张)that...”从句用虚拟语气;insist(坚持说/认为)that...”,从句用陈述语气;“insiston/upon(doing)sth”意为“坚持(做)某事”【联想】词根-sist的单词集锦
①consistvi.由组成
②assistv.协助
③resistv.抵抗
④persistvt.坚持conclusionn.结论;推论•cometo/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论•concludevt.vi.结束;推断出;达成;缔结concludeconcludesth以结束eg.InconclusionIlikeeverythinginspringespeciallythefeelingsofbeingbathedintherainandsunshine.(季节描写)总之,我喜欢春天的一切,尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉fleevi.vt.迅速离开;逃跑【联想】ABB型不规则动词
①flee—fledffled
②bend-bent-bentlend-lentflent
④meet-met-metunderstandfunderstoodfunderstoodthinkfthought-thoughtcircumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况under/innocircumstances绝不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下eg.Furthermoreundernocircumstancesispunishmentawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.另外,惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择novelistn.小说家【联想】词缀-ist表示“从事……的人”
①artfartist艺术家
②science-scientist科学家
③journalfjournalist新闻工作者
④economy-economist经济学家
⑤pianofpianist钢琴家
⑥physicsfphysicist物理学家consequencen.结果;后果•asaconsequence因此;结果asaconsequenceof由于的缘故•consequentadj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequentlyadv.因止匕;结果eg.Ididntkeepmypromise.Asaconsequencehedoesntkeepintouchwithmeanylonger.我没有遵守我的诺言结果,他不再和我联系了takeupaposition担任;任职takeup接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)takeoff脱掉;起飞;成名;开始成功takein接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗takeon雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担takeover接管;接收eg.Hehasmadeuphismindtotakeupapositionasadoctorinthefuture.(人物介绍)他已下定决心将来当一名医生remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的beremarkablefor因引人注目remarkn.谈论;评论v.谈论;评论remarkon/upon.••谈论/评论remarkthat...谈到/说起makearemark/remarkson/upon...对发表评论/看法remarkablyadv.显著地;非常地eg.Theteachermadearemarkonmyessayaddingthatitwaswellwrittenwhichmademeproud.(演讲稿)老师评论我的文章写得很好,这让我很自豪sumvi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和sumup总结;概括alargesumof一大笔;大量的【联想】“总而言之”的表达tosumupinconclusioninshortinbriefinawordallinall教材词块cometopower(开始)掌权;上台bemistakenfor被误认为是wearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗beawardedto被授予给acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria一种重要的疟疾新疗法acommittedandpatientscientist一位忠诚和耐心的科学家withtheobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatment目的是发现治疗的新方法getstuck进入僵局;遇到困难analysethemedicaltexts分析医学文献makegreatachievementsinphysicsandmathematics在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就scientificresearch科学研究spreadChinesemedicinearoundtheworld把中医传播到世界各地makenumerouscontributionstotheworld为世界做出许多贡献outofastrongpassionforknowledge出于对知识的强烈热情berecordedasamiracle被记载为奇迹【教材佳句】InthebeginningTuYouyouwenttoHainanwheremalariawasmorecommontostudymalariapatients.(定语从句)在开始的时候,屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者,在那里疟疾较为普遍In1967theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalariaandTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.(过去分词作定语)1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrizeshesaid“Thehonourisnotjustmine.(upon/ondoing就)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我”ItisindeedanhonourforChinasscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.(Itisanhonourforsb/sthtodo对来说是——种荣誉)中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界,确实是一种荣誉Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehairwhichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.(人物描写)他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来On18April1955itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedawayandthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.1955年4月18日,据报道,爱因斯坦去世了,全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀缗句型公式litis/was+过去分词+that从句
(1)Itis/wassaid/thought/reported/hoped/agreed/provedthat...据说/大家认为/据报道/大家希望/据同意/据证实……
(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式
①Sb/Sth+be+believed/said/thought/reported/...+todosth(hope除外)
(2)People/Sb+believe/say/think/report/...+that...
①Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.据报道,一座空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成
②(2019•全国卷H书面表达)Itishopedthatyoucouldmakeittothiswonderfulevent.(邀请信)希望你能来参加这个精彩的活动
二、单词汇总【课内】crucialadj.至关重要的;关键性的boilvt.vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜insistvi.vt.坚持;坚决要求fleevi.vt.(fledfled)迅速离开;逃跑mostlyadv.主要地,一般地circumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况foundvt.创建;建立;把建立在consequencen.结果;后果encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的vitaladj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的propertyn.性质;特征;财产theoryn.理论;学说geniusn.(pl.geniuses)天才;天资;天赋patentn.专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的passionn.酷爱;激情encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇professorn.教授mournvt.vi.哀悼;忧伤remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的devicen.方法;技巧;装置;仪器draftn.草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟physiologyn.生理学;生理机能botanicaladj.植物学的substancen.物质;物品;事实根据numerousadj.众多的;许多的extraordinaryadj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的moustachen.上唇的胡子;髭【课外】commitvt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)一committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的fcommitnientn.投入;奉献;承诺analys(z)evt.分析—analysis(pl.analyses)n.分析sciencen.科学fscientificadj.科学(上)的;关于科学的fscientistn.科学家concludevt.断定;推断出fconclusions结论;推论noveln.(长篇)小说adj.新颖的;新奇的一novelistn.小说家acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢facknowledgedadj.公认的facknowledgementn.承认;感谢gentleadj.温柔的;文静的fgentlyadv.轻轻地;温和地fgentlenessn.温顺;亲切academyn.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校facademicadj.学业的;学术的apparentadj.显而易见的;显然的一apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然evaluatevt.评价;评估fevaluationn.评估,评价gradualadj.逐渐的;平缓的fgraduallyadv.逐渐地;逐步地distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的一distinctions区别,差别
三、短语词块汇总【课内】commit_oneself_to_sth/doingsth/do_sth专心致志于;承诺;一神疝做某事、函协议凝排等)insist―on坚决要求cometopower(开始)掌权;上台take_up_a_position担任;任职sum—up总结;概括wearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗makenumerouscontributionsto为做出许多贡献outofastrongpassionforknowledge出于对知识的强烈热情bychance偶然;意外地bemistakenfor被误认为是【课外】be_vital_for/to对极其重要be_committed_to_(doing)—sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事obtain_a_scholarship获得奖学金come_to/reach/arrive_at/draw_a_conclusion得出结论suffer_a_defeat遭受失败alargesumof一大笔;大量的remarkon/upon...谈论/评论takeover接管;接收asaconsequenceof由于的缘故under/innocircumstances绝不。
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