统考版2023高考英语二轮专题复习40分阅读理解提分练四

40分阅读理解提分练

（四）阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项A[2022•广州市高三年级调研测试]Enteringadulthoodisanimportantstepineveryoneslife.Itmeansthatayoungpersonmustsoonleavechildishnessbehindandstarttoshouldergrown-upresponsibilities.InGermany“Jugendfeier“isacoming-of-ageceremonyfor14-year-olds.Theygotoschooltopreparefortheoccasionstudyinglessonswithtopicslikeculturalrespectandsocialresponsibilitywhichwillhelpthembecomeworthycitizens.Thehopeisthattheyoungpeopletakingpartintheceremonywilltakeonthesevaluesforthemselves.InLatinAmericaaquincean〜era“isacelebrationforgirlsontheir15thbirthdaymarkingagirlsentryintowomanhood.Inthepastaquincean〜era”wasintendedtoreadygirlsformarriageandtheyweretaughtcookingsewingandotherhouseholdskillsinpreparation.Todayitssimilartohowone，s18thbirthdayisconsideredanimportantdayinothercultures.InIndiathesacredthreadceremonyisperformedwhenaboyisgrown-up.Heisgiventhreesacredthreadsrepresentingthreepromiseshemakes:torespectknowledgetorespecthisparentsandtorespectsociety.Aftertheceremonytheboytraditionallyleaveshisfamilytolivewithaguru（teacher）.Atthispointtheboybecomesutwiceborn“一firsthisphysicalbirthandsecondhisintellectualbirththroughtheteacher，scare.InVanuatuyoungboyscomeofagebyjumpingoffa98-foot-talltowerwithabungee-likeropetiedtotheiranklesjustbarelypreventingthemfromhittingtheground.Attheceremonytheboysmotherwillholdsomethingrepresentinghischildhoodandafterthejumptheitemwillbethrownawayrepresentingtheend.答案与解析C理解具体信息根据第二段中的“Theystartedbyconducting...non-urbanareastourbanareas”可知，研究人员首先在非城市和城市地区对共存的雀种进行喂食观察据此可知，科学家们是通过在自然条件下观察雀科小鸟进行研究的.答案与解析A理解具体信息根据第三段尾句Finallyatall...naturalfoods可知，在人类经常出现的地方，雀科小鸟更喜欢人类的食物而不是天然的食物稻米属于人类食物，故选A.答案与解析D理解词汇根据尾段尾句中的“viafooddroppingorlittering”并结合常识可知，给鸟儿喂食为有意行为;丢弃食物为无意行为故画线词意为“无意地”.答案与解析B推断根据第四段第二句Furthermoretheyear-round...speciesdiversity”可知，在城市环境中，一年四季丰富的人类食物供应可能会影响促进物种多样化的生态和进化过程据此可以推知，人类的食物供应可能会导致生物多样性的减少第二节语篇类型论说文主题语境人与自我一一生活与学习一一通过收集旧物学习历史【语篇解读】我们的房子建于1888年和1889年，为用那个时期的物品装点房屋，我们收集那时的物品，并把它们修理好从旧物中学习历史不失为一个好办法.答案与解析:A根据下文中的itsquiteanother...learnitslanguage可知，去那里和当地人交朋友，吃当地的食物，学习当地的语言则完全是另一种学习方法；据此可以推知，学习一些东西的最好的方法是亲身体验.答案与解析B根据下句“MyhusbandGabriel...loveofhistory”可知，我的丈夫Gabriel和我用这种方法来学习我们酷爱着的历史据此可以推知，这种亲身体验的方法可以应用到很多学科上.答案与解析G根据下文可知，我们的房子建于1888年和1889年；在过去的一个世纪里，几乎没有什么东西被添加进老屋据此可知，参观我们房子的人说他们如同进入了博物馆.答案与解析E根据空处上文可知，在现代社会，我们无法和国王与总统结交，所以我们寻找的是可了解的平易近人的人据此可知，空处说明其原因使用他们用过的东西，有助于我们与他们的文化建立联系.答案与解析:F根据该段最后两句Wefixthemup...becomeourteachersv可知，我们修复了这些旧物并使它们回归原用，这时这些旧物就成了我们学习历史的老师;据此可知，该段主要陈述我们家的这些旧物都是有用的ofchildhood.Heisnowamanreadytoprotectthefamily.Whatisthesharedexpectationofthefourcoming-of-ageceremoniesHavingrespectforknowledge.Gettingreadytoraiseafamily.Acquiringcross-culturalawareness.Developingasenseofresponsibility.WhichappmightappealtopeopleenteringadulthoodinGermanyInwhichplacearethingswithspecialmeaningsgiventotheyoungattendantsA.Germany.B.LatinAmerica.C.India.D.Vanuatu.B[2022•沈阳市高三教学质量检测

（一）]JavasCafeisafundamentalextensionoftheRochesterexperienceopeningitsarmstocomfortcoffeeteaanddessertloversalike.ForthetypicalURstudentstheJavasonGibbsSt.hasbecomeaplaceofsolaceduringstressfultestingtimesandonmoreheartwarmingoccasionsasocialhub.SlowlyapproachingitsthirtiesJava，shasenjoyedagoodreputationinthelocalarea.In1978JavaJoecreatedacoffeefarminHawaii.WithgreatdedicationtohiscraftthegreatmasterofcoffeebeansmadehiswaytoRochesterthen.In1992JoedecidedtostartsellingcoffeeatthePublicMarketandopenedupastoreonGibbsSt.withthehelpofMichaelCalabrese.ThislocationnexttotheEastmanSchoolofMusicisthefirstofmanyshopsJavaJoeopened.AsaloverofthebluesJoeenthusiasticallydecoratedthisflagshipstorewithartisticandmusicalinfluence.AfterthisGibbslocationJoeplantedJavaJoeswherehewasfirststartingout一atthePublicMarket.LaterJavaJoesmovedtoanearbybuildingandreceivedanamechange一JavasattheMarketCoffeeRoasters.ThisbuildingservedasaplacewherethosewhovisitedwouldoftencatchaglimpseofJoeskillfullyroastinghiscoffeebeansinthedancingflamesandcultivatinghisdrinkswithcare.Howeverin1997helicensedCalabresetorunuJavaJoes”whothenrenamedtheGibbsCafetowhatweknowtoday一Java，sCafe.JoeremainedinthePublicMarketlocationuntilhewasdiagnosedwithabraintumor.Joediedoflungcancerat

68.Theinfluencehehadpouredintohisbusinessiswell-knownandhighlyregarded.Hewonmanyawardsinhislife.NexttimeyouheaddowntoGibbsSt.foryourmorningcupkeepinmindtheextraordinarystoryofhowthatcupcameintobeingallthankstoJavaJoe.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solace”inParagraph1probablymeanA.Tension.B.Anxiety.C.Safety.D.Relief.WhatistrueaboutJavasCafeonGibbsSt.Thenameoftheshopkeepsunchangeduptonow.Itispopularwiththelocalsandstudentsaswell.JavaJoehadtheownershipoftheshopin

1997.Itistheflagshipstorethathaswonseveralawards.WhatisspecialaboutJava，sattheMarketCoffeeRoastersJoesspecially-madecoffeebeans.Itssuper-qualitycoffeeandservice.Joe，sdemonstrationofcoffee-makingskills.Itsattractiontothemusicschoolstudents.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutThepopularityofJava，sCafe.Thedevelopmentofthecoffeeindustry.ThecontributionJoemadetoRochester..ThefounderanddevelopmentofJavasCafe.C[2022•南昌市一模]CeciliaChiangwhoseSanFranciscorestauranttheMandarinintroducedAmericandinersinthe1960stotherichnessandvarietyofauthenticChinesecuisinediedonWednesdayatherhomeinSanFrancisco.Ms.Chiangwasnotachefnorwasshealikelycandidatetorunarestaurant.ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920astheseventhdaughterinawealthyfamily.AfterherparentsdiedCeciliamanagedthebusinessesfinanceswhilestillinherteens.Ms.ChiangcametotheUnitedStatesfromChinatofleetheJapaneseduringWorldWarIItravelingnearly700milesonfoot.OnceinSanFranciscoshemettwoChineseacquaintanceswhowantedtoopenarestaurant.Ms.Chiangagreedtoputuplargefunds.ButwhenthetwowomenquitMs.Chiangfoundtoherhorrorthatthefundswerenotrefundable（可退还的）.Shetookadeepbreathanddecidedtoopentherestaurantherself.IbegantothinkthatifIcouldcreatearestaurantwithWestern-styleserviceandthedishesthatIwasmostfamiliarwith一thedeliciousfoodofChina一maybemylittlerestaurantwouldsucceed“shewroteinherbook.TheMandarinwhichwasopenedin1962asa65-seatrestaurantintroducedcustomerstomainlySichuanShanghaiandCantondishes.Theearlydaysweredifficult.ButlittlebylittleChinesedinersandafewAmericanscameregularly.Overnightthetableswerefilledandtherestaurantbecameahugesuccess.Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s.IthinkIchangedwhataveragepeopleknowaboutChinesefoodMs.Chiangwrote.Theydidn，tknowChinawassuchabigcountry.”WhendidMs.Chiangstarttomanagethebusinesses，financesA.Inthe1920s.B.Inthe1930s.C.Inthe1950s.D.Inthe1960s.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkaboutWhenMs.ChiangcametotheUS.HowMs.Chiangearnedherdeposit.WhatMs.Chiangwroteinherbook..WhyMs.Chiangopenedherrestaurant.WhatdoweknowaboutTheMandarinItsurvivedtheearlyhardships.ItprovidedallkindsofChinesedishes.Itcouldseatlessthan60peopleatfirst.ItattractedmanyAmericansonceopened.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.ChiangSmartbutstubborn.Devotedandbrave.Adventurousbutcareless.Enthusiasticandambitious.D[2022•成都市高三第一次诊断性检测]Humanseverspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsofbiologicalevolutioninwaysthatwearejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalapagosIslandsabodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceisincreasing.LuisF.DeLeonfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBostontogetherwithother6scientistsspenttwoyearsobservingDarwin，sfinches（雀科小鸟）toevaluateoureffectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconductingfeedingobservationsoncoexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon-urbanareastourbanareas.Theyalsoemployedfinch-humaninteractionexperimentstotestwhetherandhowfinchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferencesvariedwiththedegreeofurbanization“cafeteria”experimentswerecarriedout一Fincheswerepresentedwithaselectionofhumanandnativefooditems.ThescientistsfoundthatDarwinsfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikericeandcookiesorintroducedgardenspeciesaturbanlocations.Incontrastatnon-urbansitesfinchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.Interactiontestssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finallyatallsitesofregularhumanpresencefinchespreferredhumanfoodstonaturalfoods.Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresentchallengesfororganismsincludingshorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumptionofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermoretheyear-roundavailabilityofabundanthumanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocessesthatpromotedspeciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohumanfoodsaturbansitestheadaptivesignificanceofthatshiftisstillanopenquestion.Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinchpreferenceforhumanfoods.Theresearchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffectofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirdsbeitdirectlyorinadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.HowdidthescientistscarryoutthestudyBycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.Whichisprobablyfinches，favoritefoodatnon-urbansitesfrequentlyvisitedbyhumansRice.Aninsect.Thefruitofanativeplant.Theseedofanintroducedplant.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymeanA.Illegally.B.Voluntarily.C.Deliberately.D.Unintentionally.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingsAllfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsumethelongertheylive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项[2022•武汉市武昌区高三质量检测]Learningdoesnthavetostopattheschoolhousedoor.Infactitshouldn，t.16It，sonethingtoreadabookaboutaforeigncountry;itsquiteanothertogothereandbefrienditspeopleeatitsfoodsandlearnitslanguage.17MyhusbandGabrielandIuseittoengagewithourloveofhistory.Wecan，ttraveltothepastinexactlythesamewaywewouldgotoaforeigncountrybutwecanbringhistorytousbyincludingasmanyofitsdetailsaspossibleintoourdailylives.18Ourhousewasbuiltin1888and

1889.Verylittlehadbeenaddedoverthepastcentury—althoughmanythingshadbeenremovedorreplaced.Settlinginwasalongslowprocessofbringingbacksystemsandapplianceswhichwouldhavebeenstandardattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Yearsagowestartedcollectingeverydayitemsfromthepast.WelovethingspeoplelikeuswereinteractingwithonadailybasisbackintheVictorian（维多利亚时代的）era.Mosttextbookofhistoryfocusesonextremecases:politicswarandgreatnames.Weveneverbeenprivilegedtokeepcompanywithkingsandpresidentsinthemodernworldsowe，vealwaysbeendrawnfarmorestronglytopeopleweourselvescanrelateto.Welovesimplestoriesofapproachablepeople.j920Whenwegetthemmostarewornout.Somepeoplewouldntthinktwiceaboutgettingridofsuchlow-qualityitems.Wefixthemupandputthembacktotheuseforwhichtheywereoriginallyintended.Asweinteractwiththemtheybecomeourteachers.Thebestwaytolearnaboutsomethingistoliveit.Thistechniquecanbeappliedtoavarietyofsubjects.Bydoingsowevecreatedalifewhichisuniquelybeautiful.CurrentlyImworkingonanovelsetinthe1880sand1890s.Usingthethingstheyusedhelpsusconnectwiththeirculture.Theantiqueswhichmakeupourhomeareaworkingcollection.Whenpeoplevisitourhometheysayitslikewalkingintoamuseum.40分阅读理解提分练

（四）第一节A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会一一文化习俗一一不同国家和地区的成年仪式.答案与解析D理解具体信息根据第一段第二句Itmeansthat...shouldergrown-upresponsibilities^再结合下文介绍的四种不同国家和地区的成年仪式可知四种成年仪式的共同期望是培养年轻人的责任感.答案与解析:A推断根据第二段第二句Theygoto...becomeworthycitizens”可知，在德国，举行成年仪式前，孩子们要去学校学习以文化尊重、社会责任等为主题的课程A项是志愿服务应用软件，与承担社会责任有关，据此可推知A项正确.答案与解析C理解具体信息根据第四段第二句Heisgiven...torespectsociety可知，在印度的成年仪式上，男孩将会收到三根神圣的线，分别代表他做出的三个承诺尊重知识、尊重父母和尊重社会B语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会一一历史与文化一一Java咖啡馆的历史和现状【语篇解读】Java咖啡馆在当地享有良好声誉本文讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始人初创该咖啡馆的故事及该咖啡馆的发展历程.答案与解析D理解词汇根据该句中的“onmoreheartwarmingoccasionsasocialhub并结合常识可以推知，那是一个考试期间学生放松身心、缓解压力的地方，故画线词意为“轻松，宽慰”.答案与解析B理解具体信息根据第一段第二句ForthetypicalUR...asocialhub”可知，Java咖啡馆已经成为学生在考试期间放松身心的地方，故深受学生欢迎；根据第二段第一句Slowlyapproaching...inthelocalarea”可知Java咖啡馆在当地享有良好的声誉，故深受当地人的欢迎故B项正确.答案与解析C理解具体信息根据第三段第三句Thisbuildingserved.・.hisdrinkswithcare可知，参观这座建筑的人经常可以看到Joe熟练地在飞舞的火焰中烤咖啡豆，小心翼翼地泡咖啡据此可知，该咖啡烘焙店的特别之处在于向顾客展示咖啡制作技巧.答案与解析D理解文章主旨要义通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Java咖啡馆的创始和发展过程JavaJoe在夏威夷创建了咖啡农场，后来到了罗切斯特，他在吉布斯街开了第一家咖啡馆其后在1997年他将“JavaJoes”授权给CalabreseCalabrese将咖啡馆改名，Java咖啡馆至今仍深受学生和当地人的青睐据此可知，D项符合题意C语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我一一人物故事一一江孙芸女士开办中餐厅的故事【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了江孙芸女士艰苦创业，在美国开办中餐厅的故事.答案与解析B考查理解具体信息的能力根据第二段第

二、三句ShewasbornnearShanghaiin

1920...Ceciliamanagedthebusinessesfinanceswhilestillinherteens可知，江孙芸女士出生于1920年，在十几岁时就开始管理公司的财务据此可知她在20世纪30年代开始管理公司财务，故B项正确.答案与解析D考查理解段落主旨要义的能力通读第三段可知，该段主要讲述了她开餐馆的原因她为躲避战乱从中国来到美国，遇到了两个想开餐馆的中国熟人在提供了大量资金后，两名合伙人放弃了，于是她决定自己开餐馆故D项正确A、C项仅为第三段的细节之一；B项文中没有提及.答案与解析A考查理解具体信息的能力根据第四段后三句Theearlydaysweredifficult...ahugesuccess”可知，创办初期TheMandarin的处境艰难但逐渐吸引了中国和美国顾客的光顾，最后成功了；据此可知，TheMandarin度过了最初的困难时期，故A项正确.答案与解析B考查推断的能力根据第三段第

四、五句可知，当她发现资金无法退还时，她决定自己开办餐馆，据此可推知，她是一个勇敢的人；结合第五段首句“Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s”可矢口，直至U九十多岁，她还担任餐馆顾问，据此可以推知，她是一个专注的人故B项正确D语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然一一人与动物一一人类活动对动物生活习性的影响【语篇解读】研究发现，在城市地区的雀科小鸟几乎都以人类的食物为食，而在人类活动较少的城郊或其他非城市地区的雀科小鸟则主要以本地植物和昆虫为食城市开发可能会给动物们带来影响，包括寿命缩短。