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考点20宾语从句高考频度★★★★★【命题解读】名词性从句是高考的热点,对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法,了解同位语从句的基本用法要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;句子的语序、否定前移;名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等【命题预测】预计2021年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力【复习建议】.掌握宾语从句的用法;.了解同位语从句的用法;.掌握表语从句的用法;.掌握主语从句的用法;.如何正确选择引导词考向一名词性从句连接词的用法名词性从句的连接词主要有以下几种从属连词that/whether/if连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever
1.that的用法⑴主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略暗3ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.匠Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.函Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenorthernareaisfalse.⑵一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that可省略,但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时;
②有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略;
③介词exceptbutbesidesin等后跟that引导的宾语从句时;Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.1havenoideahewillarriveatthehotel.n.单句改错Afterlookingatthetoyforsometimeheturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Whoeverwasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Weneverdoubtwhetherheishonest.Ifshecomesornotdoesntconcernme.Ifeelitaterriblethingwhichmymothershouldhavetotoilsoendlessly.Thefactiswhathedidntnoticethecaruntiltoolate.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehedidntcatchtheearlybus.Yourbrothershealthisnotwhichitusedtobe.
9.Obviouslytherewaslittleprobabilitywhichtheywouldsucceedbuttheydidntmind.
10.Theproposalhasbeenputforwardwhattheflightshouldbecancelled.题组二能力提升I.单项填空TomwillwinthecomputercompetitionremainsasecrettillnextMonday.thattheChinesegovernmentplanstoenditsone-childpolicyandinsteadletfamilieshavetwochildren.A.ItwasreportedB.WhatwasreportedC.IthasreportedD.AswasreportedItissaidthepictureshowsaChinesegirlstandingbytheriverunderatreeseeminglylisteningtoabirdsinging.Heasked.C.whatwasthepriceoftheiPhone7D.whatthepriceofiPhone7wasTherewillbeabowandarrowcompetitiontoretellthePlainsIndiansusedtohuntforfood.;what;how;what;howPeoplearenoweagertofindoutthelittleboysurvivedtheterribledisaster.A.howisitthatB.thatitishowC.thatisithowD.howitisthatHewasseriouslyill.Thatishedidntcomeyesterday.B.thereasonD.forwhatThereasonwhyyougetintoapanicisyouhaventbeenwellpreparedforwhatsgoingtohappen.difficultthetaskmaybewemustfinishitontimebecausethereisapossibilitywe11befiredifwecant.A.Whatever;thatB.However;thatC.Whatever;whichD.However;ashetoldTomsparentswasthenewsTomhadbeenadmittedtoakeyuniversityofcoursemadethemfeelveryexcited.A.What;which;whichB.That;that;whichC.What;that;whichD.That;that;whatII.语篇填空Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablething1—happenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorly—dressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew2hewas.Wewondered_3_hewassohungry.Weweresurprised4hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted5themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked6—wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee7hetookoutofanenvelope一amillionpoundbanknote.IaskedMr.Clements_8—itwasgenuine.Mr.ClementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought9thegentlemanshowedthemcouldntbeafake._10_agentlemanwithamillionpoundnotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.IreallycouldntdescribehowexcitedIwas.DearhelpfulHannahIvegotaproblemwithmyhusbandSam.Heboughtasmartphonelastmonthandtookitduringourholiday.Hehasaconstanturge1checktextmessages.Hessoaddictedtoitthathecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!Hechecksitat2appropriatetimeslikewhenweareeatinginarestaurantandIamtalkingtohim!He3behaveasifanysmallamountofboredomcanmakehimfeeltheneedtocheckhisphoneevenwhenheknowsheshouldnt.Thetemptationtosee4isconnectinghimisjusttoogreat.WhenIaskhimtoputdownthephonehesays〃Inaminute”5stillcheckstoseeifsomeonehaspostedsomethingnewontheInternet.Ourlife6interrupt.Itisclearthathisdependencyonthesmartphonehasbecomemorethan7everydayproblem.I8recentreadanarticleaboutnomophobiaz,whichisareal9ill-peoplecantstandthefearofhavingnophones!IamworriedthatSammaybesuffering10thisillnessbecausehefeelsanxiousifhedoesnthavehisphonewithhimevenforashorttime.WouldyoupleasetellmewhatIcandotohelphimSickandTiredSadie题组三体验真题2020•天津卷7月•单项选择
15.ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrueProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where2020•天津卷3月•单项选择
12.MygrandmotherhelpedmebelievethatIcouldaccomplishIputmymindto.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.whichever2019•江苏卷•单项填空Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidenceplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(2018•北京T15)Thisismyfatherhastaughtme一toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what(2018•江苏T21)Byboatistheonlywaytogetherewhichiswearrived.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how(2018・天津.T9)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever(2018•1匕京•TH)Withouthissupportwewouldntbewearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why(2017・1匕京•T23)EveryyearmakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever(
2017.4匕京.T26)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreetnotknowingshewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when(2017・江苏・T26)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20halfofitusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how(2017•天津・T4)SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibraryandIadmittedthatIhadnt.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what题组一基础过关I.用适当的连接词填空Whether句意是否对我们有害还要看一看此处whether引导主语从句,不充当句子成分,表示“是否,whether引引导其他主语,表语和同位语从句时不能换成ifhow句意问题是怎样执行这个计划该空引导表语从句,结2合句意可知填连接词howwhat句意:我把我所有的书都给他了此处what引导宾语从句,用作限定词,其后修饰复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词表示“所・・・〃what句意:作为一名应届毕业生,他不知道需要什么才能在这里经营该空引导宾语从句,从句中takes是谓语动词,其后缺少宾语,故填连接代词whatthat句意:在最高水平中成功的唯一的方法就是要完全相信在(那个)运动场上,你比其他任何人都优秀本题空格处引导的句子为同位语从句,从句结构和意义究整,填thatowhere句意:我突然想起这个问题,我们该到哪里去修车,当时我们正在森林的中部根据后面“当时我们在森林的中部〃这一语境可确定应用where引导从句作thequestion的同位who句意一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去.无论是他的朋友还是亲戚该空引导宾语从句根据句末的whetherhisfriendsorrelatives可知应是和谁去,故填who.that句意“你的喷嚏告诉我你可能感冒了没有,我只是无法忍受这儿的油操味”分析句子成分可知.此处是表语从句,从句中不缺少成分.故用that引导how句意;不要因失败而泄气因为你水远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近closeyoumaybetovictory为宾语从句,空后close为形容词,故填howwhy句意:这个人为什么没有尽快报告这起事故还不清楚why引导主语从句where句意一些专家持有这样的观点基础建设是小岛发展的关键所在该空引导表语从句,表语从句中lies后面缺少地点状语,故填连接副词where.what句意:这就是他们称为盐城的地方该空引导表语从句从句中缺少宾语,故不可填where而填whatothat句意:鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假开因为该同位语从句是一个完整的句子,不缺少句子成分,所以要用that引导whatever句意给孩子任何他想要的东西通常认为是不明智的此处whatever引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,相当于anythingthat.when句意我不知道他什么时候到达酒店该空引导同位语从句、从句中缺少时间状语、故填连接副词whenII.单句改错【解析】考查主语从句句意汤姆是否能赢得电脑比赛直到下周一才能知道remain前面是主语从句根据句意可知用whether引导,表示是否故选DA【解析】考查句式Itisreportedthat...是固定句式,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语Whatwasreported后面要加系动词故选AD【解析】考查主语从句句意据说,这幅画表现的是一个中国女孩站在河边的树下,似乎在聆听一只鸟儿唱歌It是形式主语,真正的主语是空处引导的主语从句,从句意义和成分完整,故用thatD【解析】考查宾语从句的语序和时态句意:他问iPhone7的价格是多少Heasked后面是宾语从句,宾语从句要用陈述语序,而且因为主句是过去时,从句也应该是过去时故选DD【解析】考查非谓语动词及宾语从句句意将会有一个弓箭比赛,专门用来重现平原印第安人是如何猎取食物的design与competition之间为逻辑被动关系,应使用过去分词作定语;根据句意可知,第二空为retell的宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,应使用how”如何……故选DD【解析】考查连词和语序句意人们现在急切地想弄清楚,这个小男孩是如何幸免于这场灾难的根据句意,由how引导宾语从句;宾语从句中运用了强调句式,同时宾语从句要用陈述语序故选DA【解析】考查连词句意他病得很重,那就是他昨天没有来的原因所以用why引导表语从句,why在从句中作原因状语故选AA【解析】考查表语从句句意你之所以恐慌是因为你没有为要发生的事作好准备Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作原因状语,that引导表语从句,仅起连接作用
9.B【解析】考查混合复合句句意无论那项任务可能有多难,我们必须按时完成它,因为如果我们不能按时完成它,我们就有被解雇的可能分析句子结构可知,第一空考查的是让步状语从句,又结合句意可知,用However引导;第二空考查的是同位语从句,用that引导故B项正确.C【解析】考查混合复合句句意他告诉Tom的父母的是Tom已经被一所重点大学录取的消息,当然,这让他们感到很兴奋第一个空用What作told的宾语构成主语从句;第二个空用that引导同位语从句,说明news的具体内容;第三个空用which引导非限制性定语从句故选C.语篇填空that
2.who
3.why
4.that
5.whether/ifwhether/if
7.that
8.whether/if
9.what【文章大意】作者的丈夫Sam沉迷于手机,即便在度假期间,他每隔几分钟也要查看一下手机,这严重影响了他们正常的生活.tocheck【解析】考查非谓语动词此处含有anurgetodosth.结构,名词urge后常跟动词不定式,故此处应填tochecko【解析】考查词义转换此处表示他在不合适的时间看手机,比如我们在餐馆吃饭我正和他说话的时候结合语境可知,本空应填appropriate的反义词inappropriate〃不适当的,不合适的〃【解析】考查动词时态根据语境可知,此处作者在描述她丈夫的日常行为,应用一般现在时【解析】考查名词性从句根据语境〃查看谁在和他联系的诱惑是如此强烈〃可知,see后的宾语从句缺少主语,故填连接代词who【解析】考查连词空格前后两句话之间为转折关系,故填表示转折关系的连词butisinterrupted【解析】考查动词时态和语态分析句子结构可知,life与interrupt之间存在动宾关系,故应用被动语态全文的主体时态为一般现在时,故本句用一般现在时【解析】考查冠词此处problem为可数名词,其前应用冠词,又因为eve^day的发音以元音音素开头,所以用ano【解析】考查副词此处应用副词作状语,故填recently〃最近〃【解析】考查名词由本空前的areal可知,此处应填名词illness〃疾病〃【解析】考查介词此处存在固定短语sufferfrom〃遭受,患有……为……所苦〃题组三体验真题.【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验ProfessorJosephhadsaid作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句故选B.【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句句意:我的祖母让我相信,我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情A.whenever无论何时;B.whatever无论什么,任何;C.wherever无论何地;D.whichever无论哪一个分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句连接词,从句缺少宾语,应用连接代词,再结合句意,此处用“任何”符合语境,故选B项.【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句句意科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句故选B.【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句句意这是我父亲教我的一一总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望“myfatherhastaughtme”是表语从句,该空在从句中做teach的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what引导D选项正确引导名词性从句时,how表方式,意为“如何”;which意为“哪一个”,that在只起引导从句的作用,不做成分.【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句句意乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”故选D.【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词句意无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever表示“任何人,无论谁故选C.【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句句意没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因“wearenow”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导C选项正确.【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句句意每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖makesthemostbeautifulkite是主语从句,根据意思可知答案.【答案】B【解析】考查连词句意Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据句意可知选Bo.【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句分析句子可知介词of后跟由what引导的宾语从句,what在从句中作charge的宾语,故选C项句意我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚,是过去收费的一半.【答案】c【解析】试题分析句意他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C.是否;D.什么根据句意,故选C
④当whenwhowhatwherewhyhow等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时函3H6judgedthatbecausehewasachildhedidnotunderstandwine.由Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.^Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.3that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不担当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的”先行词+关系代词”,即常说的”先行词+thatno律Itsashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.g1willdowhatIcandotohelphim.⑷同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语,与先行词有修饰关系如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连接词that而不能用which同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容,如以下名词newsfactsuggestiontruthplanbeliefdoubtpossibilityidea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰律TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.同位语从句的ThehopetheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句
2.whether和if的用法囱1whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whetherItalldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2后面直接跟ornot时用whetherIdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.3主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether^Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.甫Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.4whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能MVeoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.5whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能匠Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.ktIhavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑹间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用ifThankyoubutwhetherI11befreeImnotsureatthemoment.7whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管“、“无论“,而if不能的Whetherhecomesornotwewillbeginourpartyontime..疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别⑴疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分律Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.⑵疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句^Whoeverbreakstherulehemustbepunished.^Whateveryoudoyoumustdoitwell.3nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句西3Nomatterwhatyoudoyoumustputyourheartintoit.由Nomatterwhocomeslatehemustbepunished..when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句囱Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.同位语从句由Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.定语从句.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略,但在以下情况时,that不宜省略1当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时,引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略如Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignednamesbytheirparents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业,并且作业必须由家长签名2当that前面有插入语时,that不宜省略如LittleAlicedidn,tknowImsurethathersisterwasgoingtoAmerica.我确信,小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了3省略答语中,that宾语从句单独出现时,that不可省略如一Whatdidhesay他说了什么一ThathewouldvisittheGreatWall.他说他将会参观长城4当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句之前时,that不宜省略如Janerealizedatoncethatshemustdowithitherself.珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事如省略thatatonce也可能修饰从句,是表示”立刻意识到……”,还是表示“立刻去处理……”,较为含糊5当that宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时,that不宜省略如匠Tompromisedthatifhecouldearnasmuchas500dollarsinthismonthhewouldbuyacomputerforhisbrother汤姆许下诺言,如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元,他就给他的弟弟买台电脑6当that宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that一般不宜省略如请Iwillnevertellanyonethatyouhaveeverbeenthere.我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿7当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不可省略如Thattheywouldtaketheriskwasveryclear.他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了8当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时,其宾语that从句中的that不宜省略如Maryhasmadeuphermindthatshewillstudyhardforthescholarshipsoshecanhavethechancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格,这样她就有机会出国深造了9当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时,that不可省略如Wethinkitimportantthatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的10当引导同位语从句时,that一般不可省略,尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时如Eleheardthenewsthathisteamhadwon.他听到了他的队获胜的消息Thereisafeelinginmethattheyarecheatingme.我有一种感觉他们在骗我11当that宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时,that不可省略如Thedoctorsaidthattakingexercisewasthebestwayoflosingweight.医生说运动是最好的减肥方式考向二宾语从句【难点梳理】1宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后Iwishhathewoudunderstandme我希望他能理解我Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样ImafraidthatIvemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一I个错误注意⑴一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句Helltalktousaboutwhathappenedintheclassroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生的事情inbutexcept等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句,但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配,即inthat因为butthat要不是exceptthat除了Thehighincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.个人所得税高是有害的,因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim.若不是你帮助他,他会失败的2引导宾语从句的连接词主要有连接词thatwhetherif等连接代词whatwhowhosewhateverwhicheverwhoever等连接副司whenwherewhyhow等.连接词thatwhetherif引导Ithinkthatyoushouldturntotheteacherforhelp.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助Idontknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不矢口道这么多年后彳也是否还住在这儿注意whether/if都意为是否“一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if但以下情况中,只能用whether1与ornot紧接连用时Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.请让我知道你是否能来
(2)作介词的宾语从句时Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeeting.我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣.连接代词whatwhowhosewhateverwhicheverwhoever等弓I导Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.她问我班上谁的书法最好I11justsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么.连接副词whenwherewhyhow等引导DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗Ivebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我——直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?.宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她说她周一至周五上班(从句是一般现在时)shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条(从句是一般将来时)Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没有课(从句是一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿(从句是过去将来时)Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingatthattime.他说他们那时正在开会(从句是过去进行时)
(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快注意在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点
①动词findfeelthinkconsidermakebelieveguesssupposeassume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了惯例
②hateliketakeowehavetakeforgranted等表示喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和seeto表示”注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话Whenyoustarttheengineyoumustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral.启动发动机时一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置
③介词后的宾语从句Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部
④宾语从句的否定转移将thinkbelievesupposeexpectfancyimagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式IdontthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你Idontbelievehewillcome.我相信他不会来【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否ifwhether替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序(2020•天津卷7月•单项选择)
15.ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrueProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从|句句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验ProfessorJosephhadsaid作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句故选B(2020•天津卷3月•单项选择)
12.MygrandmotherhelpedmebelievethatIcouldaccomplishIputmymindto.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.whichever【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从|句句意我的祖母让我相信,我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情A.whenever无论何时;B.whatever无论什么,任何;C.wherever无论何地;D.whichever无论哪一个分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句连接词,从句缺少宾语,应用连接代词,再结合句意,此处用“任何”符合语境,故选B项(2019•北京卷•语法填空)Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.【参考答案】where【答案解析】考查宾语从句句意学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语故用where(2018•全国新课标卷II•短文改错)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词句意当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语故把where改为when(2018•全国新课标卷III•语法填空)I*mnotsure61ismorefrightenedmeorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.ImwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句句意我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which或者who”题组一基础过关I.用适当的连接词填空itwilldousharmremainstobeseen.Thequestionisweshouldcarryouttheplan.IgavehimbooksIhad.Asanewgraduatehedoesntknowittakestostartabusinesshere.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.Thequestionoccurredtomeweshouldgotogetthecarrepaired.Wewereinthemiddleoftheforestatthattime.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith.whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.Yoursneezetellsmeyoumayhaveaflu.NoItsjustIcantstandthesmellofthepainthere.DonotletanyfailuresdiscourageyouforyoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictoryItwasneverclearthemanhadntreportedtheaccidentsooner.Someexpertsholdtheviewthatfundamentalconstructionisthekeytothelittleislanddevelopmentlies.ThisistheycallSaltLakecity.Bobhasthemistakenideatomorrowisaholiday.。
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