高中英语语法精讲4定语从句学案译林版

语法精讲4定语从句定语从句

1.关系副词引导的限制性定语从句（l）when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语它的先行词通常为timedaymorningnightweekyear等表示时间的名词Therewasatimewhenadeepblueskythesongofthebirdsmoonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光抑或是花朵都不能令我着迷［特别注意］先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分Westillrememberthedayswhenwespentourholidaytogether.我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子（when在从句中作时间状语）Ithappenedthedaythat/whichthemarriagetookplace.事情就发生在举行婚礼的那天

（2）where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语它的先行词通常为placespotstreethouseroomcitytowncountry等表示具体地点的名词或point（地步），case（情况），situation（情形）position（位置）stage（阶段）等表示抽象地点的名词Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheatreispreparingtoclosedown.这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇上唯一的电影院即将倒闭Whataresomesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？［特别注意］先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分Thisisthehousewherewevisitedthefamouswriterlastyear.去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家（where在从句中作地点状语）Thehouse（that/which）wevisitedlastyearisover500yearsold.去年我们参观的那座房子有500多年的历史了（that/which在从句中作宾语）

（3）why的用法why指原因或理由，它的先行词一般为reasonwhy在限制性定语从句中作原因状语Ihavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhy=forwhichIwasabsentfromthemeeting.我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的［特别注意］先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.这就是他迟到的原因why在从句中作原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonthat/whichheexplainedtoyou.请告诉我他给你解释的原因that/which在从句中作宾语theway作先行词首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分

①如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which作宾语时，关系代词可省略Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际

②如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词inwhichthat或省略Thisisthewaythat/inwhich/不填helearnsEnglish.这就是他学习英语的方法-即学即练1单句语法填空1Ioftenthinkofthedayswespentontheislandtogether.2Therearesomereasonstheydothis.3ThefirstthingIwouldsayisthatthewayyoubegintheconversationisveryimportant.4Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

2.使用定语从句应该注意的问题1定语从句中的主谓一致问题当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题

①I作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应该与I保持一致Iwhoamyourteacherwilltrytosolveallkindsofquestions.我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题

②当关系代词as或which指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinaasisknowntoall.众所周知，中国已经发生了翻天覆地的变化

③当“oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式TheSummerPalaceisoneoftheworld-famousplacesofinterestthatdrawlotsofvisitors.颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一TheLordoftheRingsisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一［特别注意］当“theonlyoneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是theonlyone从句的谓语动词要用单数形式ThisistheonlyoneofthesongsinthealbumthatissunginEnglish.这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲TitanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片2fromwheresince/until/bywhen也可以引导定语从句HestoodontopofthehillfromwherehecouldseetheYangtzeRiver.他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江fromwhere=fromwhichplaceThebookwaswrittenin1946sincewhentheeducationsystemhasseengreatchanges.这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化since/until/bywhen=since/until/bywhichtimeH即学即练21

①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatbeshownlastweek.

②Thisistheonlyoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatbeshownlastweek.⑵

①Hehastwosonsbothofarecollegestudents.

②Hehastwosonsandbothofarecollegestudents.3

①Hestill1ivesintheroomwindowfaceseast.

②Hestilllivesintheroomthewindowoffaceseast.

③Hestilllivesintheroomisonthethirdfloor.41Iestilllivesintheroomthereisabeautifultable.4©Afterthefloodingpeopleweresufferinginthatareaurgentlyneededcleanwaterandmedicine.

②Afterthefloodingpeopleweresufferinginthatareacleanwaterandmedicinewereneeded.⑸

①Ahousingbubbleisaneconomicsituationoccurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.

②Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.⑹

①Illneverforgetthedayswestudiedtogether.

②I11neverforgetthedayswespenttogether.⑺

①Thisistheonlywayyoucanfind.21don，tlikethewayhespoketohismother.8

①Isthisthemuseumtheyvisitedlastmonth

②Isthisthemuseumtotheypaidavisitlastmonth9©Itwas10oclocktheywentoutofthecinema.

②Itwasat10oclocktheywentoutofthecinema.【随堂自测】用关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子WhenIarrivedmyfriendtookmetoseethehouseIwouldbestaying.Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytearsnoneofhasbeenproved.Manyyoungpeoplemostwerewell-educatedheadedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.一Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself一YesthereisonepointImustinsiston.Self-drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.一Areyoufamiliarwiththemusic一Yes.Therewasatimethiskindofmusicwasquitepopular.Isawahousethewindowsofwerebroken.ShehastwosonsbothofgraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.Thisistheapartmentinyouoncelived.Thereasonheexplainedatthemeetingsoundsreasonable.IdidntbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgradeIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultureseachofusesitdifferently.Itwasinthevillageheoncelivedthathegothisjunioreducation.September30isthedaybyyoumustpayyourbill.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmenttheylive.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.一WhatdoyouthinkofteachingBob一Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajobyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.TheUSAisacountrymanydifferentdialectsarespoken.语法精讲

④定语从句[即学即练1]1which/that2forwhich/why3that/inwhich4inwhich/where[即学即练2]1

①were

②was2

①whom

②them3

①whose

②which

③which/that©where4

①who/and

②where5

①which/that

②where6

①when

②which/that7

①that

②that/inwhich8

①which/that

②which⑼

①when

②that随堂自测用关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子。