高三英语改编模拟题阅读理解命题训练（2）

高中英语外刊选文•原创阅读理解命题训练2TheFutureofRenewableEnergyRenewableenergysuchassolarandwindpowerisbecomingincreasinglyimportantastheworldtriestoreduceitscarbonfootprintandcombatclimatechange.InrecentyearstherehasbeensignificantgrowthintherenewableenergyindustrybutwhatdoesthefutureholdforthissectorOneofthemostpromisingtechnologiesisthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandcost-effectivesolarcells.Scientistsareexploringwaystomakesolarcellsusingcheaperandmoreabundantmaterialsaswellasdevelopingnewmanufacturingprocessesthatcouldreducethecostofproduction.Withtheseadvancementssolarenergycouldbecomeevenmoreaccessibleandaffordableforhouseholdsandbusinesses.Anotherareaofinnovationisinwindturbines.Astechnologycontinuestoimproveturbinesarebecomingmoreefficientatconvertingwindenergyintoelectricity.Therearealsoplanstobuildlargerandmorepowerfulturbineswhichcouldgeneratemoreelectricityandmakewindpowermorecompetitivewithotherformsofenergy.Inadditionnewenergystoragetechnologiesarebeingdevelopedthatcouldrevolutionizetheindustry.Currentlyrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindareintermittentmeaningtheycanonlygenerateelectricitywhenthesunisshiningorthewindisblowing.Howeverenergystoragesolutionslikebatteriesandpumpedhydrostoragecouldhelptostoreexcessenergygeneratedduringpeaktimeswhichcouldthenbeusedduringperiodsoflowrenewableenergygeneration.Despitetheseadvancementstherearestillchallengesthatneedtobeovercome.Oneofthebiggestobstaclesisthelackofinfrastructuretosupportrenewableenergy.Forexamplebuildingnewtransmissionlinesandupgradingexistingonestotransportrenewableenergyfromremotelocationstopopulationcenterscanbecostlyandtime-consuming.Anotherchallengeisthepoliticalandeconomiclandscape.Inmanycountriesfossilfuelsremainheavilysubsidizedmakingthemmoreaffordablethanrenewableenergysources.Governmentsmustprioritizeinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructureandprovidingincentivesforbusinessesandhouseholdstoswitchtocleanerenergysources.Inconclusionthefutureofrenewableenergyisbrightwithnewadvancementsinsolarcellswindturbinesandenergystorage.Howevertherearestillobstaclestoovercomesuchasthelackofinfrastructureandpoliticalsupport.Ifwecanovercomethesechallengesrenewableenergyhasthepotentialtotransformtheenergyindustryandhelpusbuildamoresustainablefuture.Questions:WhatisthemaingoalofrenewableenergyToreducetheuseoffossilfuelsToprovideaffordableenergyTogeneratemoreelectricityTocreatenewmanufacturingprocessesWhatarescientistsexploringinthedevelopmentofsolarcellsa.UsingmoreexpensivematerialsUsinglessabundantmaterialsDevelopingnewmanufacturingprocessesFocusingonwindturbinesWhatisthepurposeofenergystoragesolutionsTostoreexcessenergygeneratedduringpeaktimesTogeneratemorerenewableenergyTomakerenewableenergymoreintermittentTotransportrenewableenergyfromremotelocationsWhatisoneofthebiggestobstaclesfacingrenewableenergyLackofinfrastructureLackoftechnologicaladvancementsLackofpublicinterestLackofgovernmentfundingWhatneedstohappenforrenewableenergytobecomemorecompetitivewithfossilfuelsWindturbinesneedtobemadesmallerandlesspowerfulRenewableenergysourcesneedtobemademoreintermittentFossilfuelsneedtobeheavilysubsidizedGovernmentsmustprioritizeinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructureAnswersandExplanations:a.ToreducetheuseoffossilfuelsThemaingoalofrenewableenergyistoreducetheworldsdependenceonfossilfuelswhicharenon-renewableandcontributetoclimatechange.c.DevelopingnewmanufacturingprocessesScientistsareexploringnewmanufacturingprocessesthatcouldreducethecostofproductionofsolarcellsmakingthemmoreaffordableforhouseholdsandbusinesses.a.TostoreexcessenergygeneratedduringpeaktimesThepurposeofenergystoragesolutionssuchasbatteriesandpumpedhydrostorageistostoreexcessenergygeneratedduringpeaktimeswhichcanthenbeusedduringperiodsoflowrenewableenergygeneration.a.LackofinfrastructureOneofthebiggestobstaclesfacingrenewableenergyisthelackofinfrastructuretosupportitsuchastransmissionlinestotransportrenewableenergyfromremotelocationstopopulationcenters.d.GovernmentsmustprioritizeinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructureForrenewableenergytobecomemorecompetitivewithfossilfuelsgovernmentsmustprioritizeinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructureandprovidingincentivesforbusinessesandhouseholdstoswitchtocleanerenergysources.【问答题】WhatrolecanrenewableenergyplayinaddressingclimatechangeExplainindetail.Answer:Renewableenergycanplayasignificantroleinaddressingclimatechangebyreducingourrelianceonfossilfuelswhicharemajorcontributorstogreenhousegasemissions.Bytransitioningtorenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowerwecanreduceourcarbonfootprintandhelptomitigatetheimpactsofclimatechange.Additionallyrenewableenergyhasthepotentialtocreatenewjobopportunitiesandstimulateeconomicgrowthinthecleanenergysector.Inwhatwayscanthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandcost-effectivesolarcellsbenefitsocietyasawholeAnswer:Thedevelopmentofmoreefficientandcost-effectivesolarcellscanbenefitsocietyinnumerousways.Foroneitcanmakesolarenergymoreaccessibleandaffordableforhouseholdsandbusinessespotentiallyloweringenergycostsandreducingdependenceonfossilfuels.Itcanalsohelptocreatenewjobopportunitiesinthecleanenergysectordrivingeconomicgrowthandinnovation.Moreovertheadoptionofsolarenergycanhelptoreducecarbonemissionsandmitigatetheimpactsofclimatechange.HowdowindturbinesworktogenerateelectricityandwhataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwithwindpowerAnswer:Windturbinesworkbyharnessingthekineticenergyofthewindandusingittoturnarotorwhichisconnectedtoageneratorthatproduceselectricity.Theamountofelectricitygenerateddependsonfactorssuchaswindspeedandthesizeoftheturbine.Howeverwindpoweralsopresentssomechallengessuchasintermittencysincewindspeedscanvarynoisepollutionandtheimpactonwildlife.WhataresomeofthemostpromisingenergystoragetechnologiescurrentlybeingdevelopedandhowcouldtheyhelptoovercomethelimitationsofrenewableenergyAnswer:Someofthemostpromisingenergystoragetechnologiesbeingdevelopedincludebatteriespumpedhydrostorageandthermalenergystorage.Thesetechnologiescanhelptoovercomethelimitationsofrenewableenergywhichcanbeintermittentandunpredictable.Bystoringexcessenergygeneratedduringpeaktimesenergystoragesolutionscanensureasteadysupplyofpowerduringperiodsoflowrenewableenergygeneration.Additionallyenergystoragecanhelptobalancethegridandimproveoverallenergyefficiency.WhatrolecangovernmentpoliciesandincentivesplayinpromotingthegrowthoftherenewableenergyindustryAnswer:Governmentpoliciesandincentivescanplayacriticalroleinpromotingthegrowthoftherenewableenergyindustry.Forexamplepoliciesthatmandatetheuseofrenewableenergyorimposeataxoncarbonemissionscancreateamarketforcleanenergyandincentivizebusinessesandhouseholdstoswitchtorenewablesources.Additionallysubsidiesandtaxcreditscanhelptooffsettheinitialcostofinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructuremakingitmoreattractivetoinvestors.HowcanrenewableenergyinfrastructurebemademoreresilienttoextremeweathereventsandothernaturaldisastersAnswer:Renewableenergyinfrastructurecanbemademoreresilienttoextremeweathereventsandothernaturaldisastersthroughcarefulplanninganddesign.Forexamplewindturbinescanbebuilttowithstandhighwindsandheavyrainwhilesolarpanelscanbeinstalledwithanti-reflectivecoatingstopreventdamagefromhailorsnow.Additionallyenergystoragesolutionscanhelptoprovidebackuppowerduringblackoutsorotheremergencies.WhataresomeoftheethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithrenewableenergyandhowcantheybeaddressedAnswer:Oneoftheethicalconsiderationsassociatedwithrenewableenergyisthepotentialimpactonlocalcommunitiesandtheenvironment.Forexampletheconstructionofwindturbinesorsolarfarmscandisruptecosystemsanddisplacewildlife.Additionallytheremaybeconcernsabouttheimpactonpropertyvaluesortheaestheticsofthesurroundingarea.Theseconcernscanbeaddressedthroughcommunityengagementandconsultationaswellascarefulplanninganddesigntominimizetheimpactontheenvironment.HowcanindividualsandcommunitiescontributetothegrowthoftherenewableenergyindustryandwhyisitimportantAnswer:Individualsandcommunitiescancontributetothegrowthoftherenewableenergyindustryinseveralwayssuchasinstallingsolarpanelsonrooftopssupportingrenewableenergypoliciesandinitiativesandadvocatingforinvestmentincleanenergyinfrastructure.Bytakingtheseactionsindividualsandcommunitiescanhelptodrivedemandforrenewableenergyandincreasethevisibilityandviabilityofcleanenergysolutions.Thisisimportantbecausetransitioningtorenewableenergysourcesiscrucialformitigatingtheimpactsofclimatechangeandensuringasustainablefutureforgenerationstocome.[Transalation]可再生能源的未来随着世界各国努力减少碳足迹和应对气候变化，太阳能和风能等可再生能源正变得越来越重要近年来，可再生能源行业有了显著增长，但该行业的未来如何？最有前途的技术之一是开发效率更高、成本更低的太阳能电池科学家们正在探索使用更便宜、更丰富的材料制造太阳能电池的方法，并开发新的制造工艺，以降低生产成本有了这些进步，家庭和企业可以更容易获得和负担得起太阳能另一个创新领域是风力涡轮机随着技术的不断进步，涡轮机在将风能转化为电能方面变得越来越高效他们还计划建造更大、更强大的涡轮机，这样可以产生更多的电力使风能与其他形式的能源相比更具竞争力此外，正在开发的新能源存储技术可能会彻底改变该行业目前，太阳能和风能等可再生能源是间歇性的，这意味着它们只能在阳光明媚或刮风的时候发电然而，像电池和抽水蓄能这样的储能解决方案可以帮助储存高峰时段产生的多余能量，然后在可再生能源发电量低的时期使用尽管取得了这些进步，但仍有需要克服的挑战最大的障碍之一是缺乏支持可再生能源的基础设施例如，建设新的输电线路和升级现有的输电线路，将可再生能源从偏远地区输送到人口中心，可能既昂贵又耗时另一个挑战是政治和经济形势在许多国家，化石燃料仍然得到大量补贴，使它们比可再生能源更便宜政府必须优先投资可再生能源基础设施，并为企业和家庭转向更清洁的能源提供激励总之，随着太阳能电池、风力涡轮机和能源储存的新进展，可再生能源的未来是光明的然而，仍有一些障碍需要克服，例如缺乏基础设施和政治支持如果我们能够克服这些挑战，可再生能源就有可能改变能源行业，并帮助我们建立一个更可持续的未来。