还剩3页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2023届高考英语语法二轮讲义定语从句精讲#1定语从句(易混/常考)定语从句的两个重要概念先行词和关系词先行词被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象称为先行词关系词重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连词
一、关系代词及关系副词一览表从上面的表格得知that和why只引导限制性定语从句2)关系代词:关系代词在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语其中whose一定要与名词连用,表示所属关系which可单独引导定语从句,也可用作限定词与名词连用先行词指人whowhom;先行词指物;which;先行词指人或物均可:thatwhose易混点
1.who和whom的区别Who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,但Who之前不可用介词a.IlikethepeoplewhoIworkwith.我很喜欢同我一起工作的那些人(who作介词with的宾语)b.llikethepeoplewithwhomIwork.whom在定语从句中不能作主语,但可作宾语或表语Arichpersonisnotonewhohasthemostbutisonewhoneedstheleast.(不用;...onewhomhas...)一个富有的人,不是因为他拥有最多,而是因为他需要最少
2.在下列情况中用that不用which:1)当先行词既是有人又有物时,用thatThewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.2)先行词为指物的alllittlefewmuchnonethefirst用thata.AIIthatglittersisnotgold.b.Thisbookcontainslittlethatisuseful.c.Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedone.d.Aslongasyoustanduptothedifficultiestherearenonethatcannotbeovercome.3)先行词是不定代词somethinganythingnothingeverything时一般用thatIsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou4)先行词被anyonlyalleverynosomemuchfewlittle序数词,最高级,theonlytheonetheverytherightthelast修饰时,用thata.Tellusallthingsthatyouknow.b.Thereisnodifficultythattheycantovercome.3关系副词:关系副词只充当状语:when表时间where表地点why表原因when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,其先行词须是表示时间的名词,如dayyeartime等when可用onwhich来替换注意;how不可以作为表示方式的关系副词在英语中,若表示方式,我们用以下句型thewayinwhich/that/省略Duringthe1940sscienceandengineeringhadanimpactonthewaymusicreacheditsaudienceandeveninfluencedthewayinwhichitwascomposed.
①when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,其先行词须是表示时间的名词,如dayyeartime等when可用onwhich来替换a.IllneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.(when作时间状语,修饰met)b.KIIneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.注当表示时间的先行名同,若定语从句不是缺状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,要用which/that来引导定从IllneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.(which作spent的宾语)
②where引导定语从句,其先行词必须是表示地点的名词,如placehouse等DoyouknowanyplacewhereIcanbuythegrammarbook与when类似,并非凡是先行词表示地点的名词,都得由where来引导定语从句,这得看关系词在从句中充当的成分a.ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.b.ThisisthetownwhichItoldyouaboutbefore.(which作about的宾语)
③why用来表原因,只引导来制性定语从句,先行词是reason等表示原因的名词ThisisthereasonwhyIdidntcomehere.(W匕处why=forwhich)
4.特殊关系代词as、whatthanbutAs
①在as引导限制性定语从句时,只是用在一些固定的结构中和只能用在suchthea.Hellrepeatsuckpointsasarediscussedinthebook.b.Suchastudentasworkshardwillbesuretosucceed.c.Heisnotthesameplayboyasweknew.d.TheinstrumentisnotsuchaninstrumentasIsawontheexhibition.
②as引导非限定性定语从句可位于句首而which不能这样用Asisknownthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.众所周知鲸不是鱼类,而是哺乳类动物(as指的是thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal整个句子)Asmightbeexpectedtheresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.as和which都可引导非限定性定语从句,代替前面整个句子的定语从句有“正好…〃,就像…〃,由…而知〃的含义所以当主句和从句内容上一致时,或者说从句内容是顺着主句意思说下来时,用as若主句和从句内容上不一致,或从句的内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等消极的作用时,则多用whichHewaslateforschoolwhich/asisoftenthecase.ThegentlemanadmiresMrs.Brownwhichsurprisedme.Sheisverycarefulasherworkshows.What
①what作关系代词,可表示物也可表示人a.Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe-(Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.)b.Showmewhatyouhavewritten(showmethethingsthatyouhavewritten.)c.Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.(what才旨人themanthat)我们注意到以上句中what前均没有先行词
②〃what+名词〃意为〃所有的…尽可能多的,a.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIcan.(我会尽可能地帮你)b.WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengiventoyou.=AllthemoneythatIhave・・・我身上所有的钱都给了你了Than
①than可作关系代词引导定语从句,在从句中一般作主语,than前面的主句需a■Dontdrinkmorewinethanisgoodforhealth.不要饮酒过量适量饮酒有益于健康Dontgivehimmoremoneythanisneededsincemoneywillburnaholeinhispocket不要多给他钱,他需要多少就给多少,因为他有钱就花
②than也可在从句中作宾语:Hesoonfounditeasytomakemuchmoremoneybythievingthanhisfatherhaddonebyalifetimeofhonestwork.很快他就发现,通过盗窃所挣的钱比他老爸一辈子辛勤劳作所挣的要多得多But的用法相当于that...notwho...notwhom...not在句中作主语或宾语,可指人也可指物[2尽管定语从句形式上肯定,但在意义上是否定的A.Thereisnomanbuterrs.=Thereisnomanwhodoesnterr.but作主语人必犯错b.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.=Thereareveryfewwhodoncadmirehistalentsbut作主语很少有人不赞赏他的才干语法作用可用于限制性及非限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句人物其他人及物其他主语whowhichthat宾语who/whomwhichthat或省略that所有关系whosewhose/ofwhich限定性which状将whenwherewhy。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0