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Unit4课下力量提升
（十六）I.阅读理解Whenpolicyexpertsdebateclimatechangesolutionstheyoftentalkabout“apriceoncarbon”.Theyarearguingaboutwhetherpaniesshouldpaywhentheyputcarbonpollutionintheair.Butheresthesecretthatmostpeopleseemtobemissing:Therealreadyisapriceoncarbonanditspaidbythetaxpayers.Carbonpollutionlikeeveryotherformofpollutionhasanimpactontheenvironment.Throwingwasteintoariverwillcausethefishtodieandthepeoplewhodrinkthewatertogetsick.Andwhenyouproducecarbonpollutionyougetclimatechange-sealevelrisestrongerstormsseveredroughtsdamagetoagricultureandmore.Allofthoseimpactscostmoney.Insuranceratesgoupwhenstormsgetmoredestructive.Taxesincreasewhencitieshavetorebuildbridgesandroads.Militarybudgetsgoupwhendroughtsandpopulationchangescauseconflicts.Nottomentionimpactsonagricultureandhealthcarecosts.Inotherwordsthepriceoncarboniswhatweallpaywhenthereisnomarketforcetolimitthepollutionthatcausesclimatechange.Sothedebateisreallyaboutwhowillpaythatprice—thepanieswhoaremakingaprofitfromthefossilfuelsorthetaxpayerswhopickupthecostnow.Rightnowwehaveprivateprofitandpubliccost.Ifsjustlikeifweallowedeverybusinesstothrowitsgarbageinthestreetbecauseitstooexpensivetohaveitmovedawayproperly.DoesitaddalittlebittoyourdinnerchecktorequirethatrestaurantsthrowawaytheirtrashproperlySure.Butitwouldbemoreexpensiveforyouifthecityhadtocleanthestreetsoftheirgarbageeveryday.Sojustlikeweputapriceongarbageweneeda“priceoncarbonpollution，，.Nowa“priceoncarbonpollution“canmeanalotofthings.Youcouldtaxpaniesbasedontheamountofcarbonpollutiontheyproduceandreturnthemoneytotaxpayers.Youcouldputalimitonhowmuchtheycanproducetherebyrequiringthemtoinvestinwaystoconductbusinessinalesspollutingway.语篇解读:谁该为碳污染买单是企业还是纳税者？实际上纳税者已经在为碳污染买单，这好像是人们无视了的一个隐秘政策专家盼望公司为碳污染买单WhatdothepolicyexpertsargueaboutcarbonpollutionA・Whethertaxpayerscouldgetprofitfromit.Whetherthepaniesshouldpayforit.Whohavetheabilitytochangeit.Howmuchshouldbepaidforit.解析选B细节理解题依据第一段中的“Theyarearguingaboutwhetherpaniesshouldpay〃可知，政策专家争论的是公司是否应为碳污染买单What9sthemainideaofParagraph2Someotherformsofpollution.B・Theeffectsofcarbonpollution.Thesignsofcarbonpollution.Thewaytoreducecarbonpollution.解析选B段落大意题其次段第一句Carbonpollutionlikeeveryotherformofpollutionhasanimpactontheenvironment为该段的主题句，所以该段主要讲碳污染的影响Theauthorreferredtorestaurantsinthepassagemainlyto.proveeverybusinessdoesntperformitsdutyB・warnreaderstoprotecttheenvironmentaroundexplainthedamageofnopolicyoncarbonpollutionshowsomerestaurantsthrowawaytheirtrashrandomly解析选C推理推断题由倒数其次段中的“Sojustlikeweputapriceongarbage9weneeda9priceoncarbonpollution9z可知，作者谈及饭店是为了说明没有有效政策来约束碳污染的危害Accordingtothepassagewhatdoesthe“priceoncarbonpollutionmeanTellingthetaxpayerstorefusetopaytaxesoncarbonpollution.Makingthegovernmentinvesttoreducecarbonpollution.Increasingpricesoftheproductsfrompanies.Taxingpaniesoncarbonpollutiontheyproduce.解析选D推理推断题通读全文，尤其是最终一段可知，作者建议向排放碳的公司征税，故D项正确n.阅读七选五Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly]Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithCoke.ItsamazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2You11saveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterstainswithorangepeels.Youvejusteatenanorange.3Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub（擦）themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4Afterwardsremovetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain.5Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic（无毒的）？Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.A.Waitaminute!B・Makeyourownglasscleaner.Followthestepsgivenbelow.Ofcourseyouransweris6tyes，/.Theyleavenomarksorscratches.Insteadofdrinkingituseittocleanthetoiletbowl.Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文想生活在一个洁净的生活环境中、让一切光滑发亮吗那就依据以下步骤来做吧无须购置昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招.解析选C依据空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly〃和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步3聚做〃能起到承上启下的作用.解析选F本段讲的是用可乐清洁厕所，故F项“不是喝掉可乐，而是用之清洁马桶〃符合语境.解析选A依据下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢所以选A.角窣析选E依据上文中的Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也特别适合擦拭皮质，不会留下污痕或划痕所以选E.角窣析选B依据下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic（无毒的）...”“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境.完形填空Conservationistsarebreeding（t可养）lionsintheSouthernAfricannationofZimbabwe.ThewildlifeexpertshopetoincreasethelionpopulationtokeepthegreatcatsfromI.Insomeareaslionsandhumanbeingsare2controlofland.Researchersbelievesomethingmustbedonequicklyto3theanimals.TheAfricanLionandEnvironmentalResearchTrust（ALERT）hasmorethan1004initsbreedingprogram.AntelopeParkFarmisoneoftwositesALERToperatesinZimbabwe.GaryJonesheadstheAntelopeParkFarm.HesaysALERThasbeeinvolved5asharpdropinthenumberoflions.Hisgroupbelievesthishasbeen§mainlybyhumans.Therearemorepeoplemovingtothisareaeveryyear.Thelionshave7landonwhichtolive.GaryJonessaysthedecreaseinthelionpopulationaffectsthewhole
8.HeaddsthatotherAfricannationsarealsoseeingthe9effectsofthis.Therearecountries10incentralandnorthAfricawherethelionpopulationhasreachedan11level.Burundiacountryofeast-centralAfricaforinstancedoesnothavelionsinitsnationalparks.It12wantstohavelionsreintroducedbackintoitsnationalparks.Thereasonisthatwhenyoutakethelionoutoftheequation平衡，suddenlyyougetall13thingsstarthappeningwiththebalanceof
14.Forexampleyougettoomanyprey猎物specieslikegiraffesandzebras.TheUnitedNations9FoodandAgricultureOrganizationsays15animalsarethreatenedwhenfarmerstryto16theirplantsoranimals.ReneCzudekworksfortheUNagency.Hesayshisorganizationhas17ahuman-wildlifetoolkit成套工具thatsomecountriesareusingtoreduce18betweenhumansandwildlife.Infactthetoolkitisakindofinstrumentthatextensionworkerscanusewiththe19—explaintothemhowwildlifebehavesandthenshowthemwhattheriskybehaviorsareandhowtheyshould20theirfieldsaccordingly〃Mr.Czudeksaid.语篇解读:本文是说明文生态爱护者设法爱护非洲的狮子］B.attackingC.changingD.arriving解析选A由上文的“increasethelionpopulation”可推断，野生动物爱护专家盼望增加狮子的数量以防止狮子“消逝disappearingforB.cheeringforC.petingforD.lookingfor解析选C在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“竞争petingfor”对土地的掌握A.trainB.observeC.catchD.save解析选D由第四段中的“asharpdropinthenumberoflions”可推断，争论人员认为必需尽快实行措施“挽救save〃狮子B.lionsC.zebrasD.antelopes解析选B由文章开头的“breeding饲养lions可知答案ofB.becauseofC.inplaceofD.inspiteof解析选B由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要爱护它们应选becauseofB.studiedC.causedD.prevented解析选C由下文的“Therearemorepeoplemovingtothisareaeveryyear可推断，狮子数量削减主要是人类“造成caused”的B.worseC・moreD.better解析选A由上文的“Therearemorepeoplemovingtothisareaeveryyear”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地削减了应选lessB.backgroundC.industryD.position解析选A由下段末的“yougettoomanyprey猎物specieslikegiraffesandzebras”可推断，狮子数量削减影响整个“自然环境environment”B.possibleC.magicalD.disastrous解析选D由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量削减所带来的“灾难性的disastrous影响B.finallyC.graduallyD.particularly解析选D参见下题解析B.worryingC.reasonableD.necessary解析选B在一些国家，“尤其particularly”是位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经到达了“令人担忧的worrying”地步B.simplyC.naturallyD.desperately解析选D布隆迪“极度desperately”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园B.similarC.strangeD.ideal解析选C由下文的“yougettoomanyprey猎物specieslikegiraffesandzebras”可知没有狮子会导致一系列“惊奇的strange“事情发生B.bodyC.power解析选A由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡〃应选natureoB.wildC.largeD.trapped解析选B由下文的whenfarmerstrytotheirplantsoranimals”可推断，此处是说“野生的wild〃动物受到威逼
16.B.moveD・improve解析选A农夫设法“爱护protect”他们的植物或动物caughtupwithD-keptupwith解析选CReneCzudek所在的组织已经“制造出eupwith”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的工具B.distancespeedD.conflict解析选D由下文的“explaintothemhowwildlifebehavesandthenshowthemwhattheriskybehaviorsareandhow可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突conflict，zoB.workersC.gardenersD.experts解析选A由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向“农夫farmers”宣扬有关环保学问时使用的B.waterC.findD.plan解析选D上文屡次提到狮子或野生生物和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农夫如何规划他们的土地N.语法填空GlobalwarmingreferstothefactthattheEarth9satmosphereiswarmingnear1itsurface—inotherwordsitsgettinghotter.Somescientistssayitishumanactivity2hascausedglobalwarming.Howeverthereareothertheoriesaswell.Onepopulartheoryrelatestothegreenhouseeffect”.Gasesthatmakeuptheatmospherearesimilarto3greenhousebecausetheyallowsunlight4passthroughandthentrapmuchoftheheatfrom5escapeThisnaturallyoccurringphenomenon§iscalledgreenhousewarmingkeepstheearth5ssurface7warmthanitwouldbe.Whilescientistsagreethathumanproducedpounds化合物likecarbondioxideandothersarebeingreleasedintotheatmospheresomeargueitsnotclearhowthisresults8thechangesintemperature.Globalwarmingcan9greataffecthumanlifeonmanylevels.Scientistshavemadegreat10contributetofindingouthowlongtheearthhasbeenwarmingatwhatrateitiswarmingandwhatfactorsarecausingit.Theseanswersmaybetterpreparepeopletohandleitseffects.语篇解读全球气候变暖对人们的生活有很大的影响而造成全球变暖的缘由主要是人类活动its考查形容词性物主代词设空处修饰surface表示“它的〃，故填故that考查强调句say后的从句是强调句，被强调局部为humanactivity故填thata考查不定冠词greenhouse是可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填atopass考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法allowsb./sth.todo“允许某人或某物做某事〃escaping考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法设空处作from的宾语，且heat与escape之间是规律上的主谓关系，故填escapingwhich考查关系代词设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填whichwarmer考查形容词比拟级由设空处后的than可知，此处应用比拟级，故填warmeroin考查介词resultin意为“导致”greatly考查副词设空处作状语，修饰affect故填greatlycontributions考查名i司makegreatcontributionstodoing“为估攵出巨大奉献〃V.短文改错Asthesayinggoeschancefavoredthepreparedlearnedthisfromoneofmyexperience.IwasnotchosenasmemberofthevolleyballteamofourofthisIdecidedtogiveupplaymybestfriendstoppedmebutpointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationwhichledtomythatIpracticedplayingvolleyballoneveryanotherchanceoftryingoutarrivedIwasfullpreparedandtriedmyaresultIwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschoolteam.FromthisIamfirmlyconvincingthatweareabletoseizeachanceaslongasIgetwellprepared.答案第一句favored^favors其次句experience-experiences第三句as后加a第四句playfplaying第五句buffand;which-that第六句去掉on第七句full-fully第九句convincingconvinced;其次个1we。
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