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第4课介词(短语)语法自测一一看高考怎么考单句语法填空(2020•新高考全国卷I)Museumsmustcompeteforpcople,ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2020•全国卷H)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealthabundanceandahappyhome.(2020•全国卷HI)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartistonearthMotherNature.(2020•浙江卷)Sometimeafter10000BCpeoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedinthroughagriculture..(2020•浙江卷)Fanningproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgatheringsopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.(2019•全国卷I)Modernmethodsof/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980sandareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019•全国卷HI)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackofdogsseventobeexact.(2019•浙江卷)ButcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandardsTheanswertothisquestionisnotclear.(2019•天津卷改编)Inspiteofalltheproblemsseveraloftheplayersproducedexcellentperformances.(2019•天津卷改编)Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanimpactonourlivesinmanyways.(2019•1匕京卷)Firstcelebratedin1970theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).(2018•全国卷III)Iwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasrdbeenobserving.(2018•江苏卷改编)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematic
(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配紧挨着代替除……之外根据随着连同因为要不是不管,不顾直到;由……决定往返,来来回回在中间,在两者之间用……办法;借助…[即时训练]单句语法填空Asaresulthespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwritebymeansofapenorpencil.Butwildlifetodaydisappearsorisi_ndangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.Inmemoryofthedeadsoldiersagrandmemorialwasbuiltonthespotofthegreatcampaign.Insteadofgoingonadietsheeatslessfatandsugarandexercisesmore.Scientistsestimatethatsmokingreduceslifeexpectancybyaroundtwoyearsonaverage.技巧点拨一一析典题如何考技巧1”是否宾语,,作依据〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/介词必须要接宾语,宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语,则要考虑填介词[示例l]Weshouldtalkaboutthethingsthechildrensunderstandinginasimpleway.解析句意我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物beyond超出,为……所不能及,符合句意答案beyond技巧2“三种方法”来确定所填介词/〃〃〃〃〃.根据语境含义结合介词用法[示例2]Insomecasesdifferentapproachesthesamescientificproblemleadtoconflictingtheories.解析句意为在一些情形下,对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同,就会得出互相矛盾的推测approachto的方法,是固定搭配答案:to.根据介词与动词等的搭配[示例3]IsaidhellohimsmilingsweetlyandthenIsuddenlythought“Whynotofferhimapieceofchocolate”解析考查介词sayhellotosb.意为“向某人问好”,符合语境,故用介词to答案to.根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without[示彳列4]Isatonthesideofthestagemyscriptopenonamusicstandinfrontofme.解析考查介词的用法句意我坐在舞台的一侧,我的剧本打开着,放在我前面的乐谱架上此处符合“with+宾语+形容词”的复合结构,在句中作状语,表示伴随状态答案withprojectwhichcallsfooaclearroadmapandtimetable.(2018•江苏卷改编)ChinassoftpowergrowsinlinewiththeincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.(2018•北京卷)一GoodmorningMr.Leesoffice.一Goodmorning.IdliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.要点突破一一知内容有哪些考点1几种常见介词的基本用法〃〃/〃〃〃〃示时间的介词续表续表
3.表示工具、手段、方式的介词4表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)续表
5.表示原因的介词(短语)续表[即时训练]单句语法填空Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.Onlybyworkinghardcanyoumakeprogressinyourstudies.Youcanchangeyourjob;youcanmovehousebutfriendshipismeanttobeforlife.考点2介词短语〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃〃〃〃〃
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配callforpayforprepareforapplyforsearchforwaitforbeginwithplaywithcareaboutfeellikeholduprelyonpassbyfigureoutdreamoflistentorefertocontributetolaughatfocusoncharge...for...exchange...for...gobackto
(二)介词与名词构成的搭配at+a.表示状态atalossatpeaceatwaratwork其他以at开头的介词短语atthebeginningofatthecostofattheriskofatthemercyofatthesametimeon+z.表示状态onexhibition/showonfireonsaleonthewayonthedecrease/increaseonho1iday/vacation其他以on开头的介词短语onaccountofonaverageonbehalfofonnoaccount/conditiononthetopofby+〃byaccidentbyair/planebychancebycoincidence不知所措处于和平状态处于战争状态在工作在……的开始以……的代价冒……的危险在……支配下;任由……摆布同时在展出着火出售,打折在途中在减少/在增加在度假因为平均;一般地代表决不在……上面/顶端偶然地乘飞机偶然碰巧byhandbymistakebythedaybynaturein+〃・incashindepthindetailinheightinlengthinEnglish其他以in开头的介词短语innotimeinnowayinplaceofinpossessionofinadditiontoinchargeofinreturnindangerofinspiteofinexchangeforinfavorofincaseofinsupportofinhonourofinmemoryofinthemiddleofOf+.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefitofhelpofimportanceofsignificanceofuseofvalueoutof+z.表示状态outofbalanceoutofbreathoutofcontroloutofdateoutoforderoutofsightoutofthequestionoutofworkunder+也表示被动underattackunderpressureundertreatmentundercontrolwith+z.表示方式withdelight/joywithdifficultywitheasewithfearwithpleasurebeyond+〃表示超出beyondcomparebeyondreachbeyonddescriptionbeyondexpression/words介词用法举例at表示时间的点,时刻等at600oclock在6点钟;atdaybreak在黎明on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)onMondayafternoon在周一下午;onarainydaymorning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内inthe20thcentury在20世纪;inwinter在冬季;inSeptember在9月;inthemorning在上午since+时间点自从……以来,常与•延续性动词的完成时连用Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksince7oclock.汤姆从下午7点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业for+时间段长达……Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年介词用法举例during在……期间duringtheclass课堂上until/till直到……until/tillmidnight直到深夜by到……为止;不迟于……by7oclock7点前in/after+时间段在……之后“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用
①Myfatherwillbebackinthreedays.我父亲将在3天以后回来
②Myfathercamebackafterthreedays.我父亲是3天后回来的before在……之前beforetheendoftheyear在年底之前over在……期间;直到……结束overChristmas圣诞节期间介词用法举例at后常接相对较小的地方arriveattheairport到达机场in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内arriveinNewYork抵达纽约介词用法举例on表示“在……上”(反义词beneath)onthewall在墙上across表示“从……的表面穿过;在……对面”acrossthestreet大街对面through表示“从……的内部穿过”throughthewindow透过窗户over表示“从……的上面跨过(反义词under)Thereisabridgeovertheriver.在这条河上有座桥above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上Thewatercameaboveourknees.水淹过了我们的膝盖介词用法举例with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官withapencil用铅笔by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具bytrain乘火车;bysea乘船in指使用某种语言、笔墨等inink用钢笔;inEnglish用英语on多用于固定词组中ontheradio/onTV通过收音机/电视介词用法besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于inadditiontoexcept意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but意为“除……之外(=except)接不定式时,如果前有实义动词do则不定式中的to省略介词用法apartfrom既可相当于besides或inadditionto也可相当于exceptforotherthan意为“除……之外(别无)”介词(短语)例句forbecauseofduetothankstoowingtoonaccountofasaresultof
①Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.因为大气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了
②Owingtobadweathertheflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时介词用法举例against违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托thefightagainstterrorism反对恐怖主义的斗争beyond(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及Theexercisewasbeyondtheabilitiesofmostoftheclass.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力by程度或增减的幅度;按……计Milkissoldbythepintbutterbythepoundandeggsbythedozen.牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,鸡蛋论打卖despite尽管Despiteapplyingforhundredsofjobsheisstilloutofwork.尽管申请了几百份工作他依旧处于失业状态for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从……来看;赞成,支持soldiersfightingforourcountry为祖国战斗的军人介词用法举例with和……在一起;和跟;具有带有;(表示伴随)随着Hisfacewentredwithanger.他气得脸都红了within(范围、程度)在……内Hefindsithardtolivewithinhisincome.他觉得靠自己的收入生活难以为继without没有Shespokewithoutmuchenthusiasm.她说话冷冰冰的off(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwentofftheroad.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
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