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SectionIHGrammar-虚JU语2课前自主领悟KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句J虚拟语气1-含蓄条件句的虚拟语气一的特点而法
42.错综条件句中的虚拟语气/I.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法［虚拟语气］［
2.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句L的其他用法［中的用法V
3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
4.虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法探究发觉©Ifyouhadeearlieryouwouldnothavemissedtheexcitingsceneinthemovie.21fyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterdayIwouldntbesoworriednow.
③HadIleftsoonerIwouldhavebeenthereontime.
④ButforyouradviceIwouldhavefailed.@Hctreatsthelittlegirlasifshewerehisowndaughter.©Itshightimethatwebeganthework.
⑦ItsnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.@IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek.I我的发觉］1在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”形式表示，而主句谓语动词那么用“\vould/should/might/could+have+过去分词”表示如例句
①2当条件句的谓语中有hadwere或should时，可将if省略，同时将hadwere或should提到从句主语的前面，形成倒装如例句
③⑶当主从句所指的时间不全都时其谓语动词应分别依据自己的详细状况采纳适当的形式如例句
②4有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫含蓄条件句如例句
④5asif引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用虚题的如例句
⑤6虚拟语气还用于某些特别句式结构中如例句
⑥、
⑦和
⑧
一、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词为had+过去分词；主句的谓语动词为would/should/could/n】ighl+have+过去分词IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscampingIwouldhavelaughedheartily.（2017•全国卷【）三年前假设有人告知我我将大局部周末用来去野营，我会开怀大笑Ifyouhadeearlieryoucouldhavecaughtthebus.假设你早来一点的话，你就有可能赶上公共汽车了［名师点津］
（1）在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，可以将条件句中的if省略，把助动词had提前IfIhadworkedhardIwouldhavesurelysucceeded.-*HadIworkedhardIwouldhavesurelysucceeded.假设我当时努力学习的话，我确定会胜利⑵句型“H型itnotbeenfor...意为“当时要不是«Haditnotbeenforyourtimelyhelpwewouldhavebeenlostintheforest.当时要不是您准时的关心，我们就可能在森林中迷失了方向［即时演练I］
（1）补全句子
①（2017•北京而考改编）Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenputtousetheaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.假设新的平安系统投入使用，这次事故就不会发生了
②（2015•北京庙考改编）If1hadntseenitwithmyowneyesIwouldnthavebelievedit.假设不是我亲眼看到，我是不会信任的
③（2013•重庆高考改编）一Itrainedcatsanddogsthismoming.Imgladwetookanumbrella.—Yeahwewouldhavegotwetalloverifwehadnt.——今日早上下了滂沱大雨很快乐我们带了伞——是的要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了
（2）把下面的句子改为倒装句
①（2015•江苏在■考改编）ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleifIhadknowntheschedule.fIIinighihavesavedmesometroublehad1knowniheschedule.
②Ifhehadcaughtthemomingtrainhewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.一Hadhecaughtthemomingtrainhewouldnothavebeenkiteforthemeeting.
二、虚拟语气的特别用法.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时在虚拟语气中假设的状况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示常用的表达有withoutbutforotherwiseorbut等—Butforyourtimelywarningwewouldhavegotintogreattrouble.一Wellyouknowwerefriends.——要不是你准时警告，我们或许已经陷入大的麻烦中了——好了，你知道我们是伴侣啊—DidyougotothelecturebythevisitingprofessorNo.IwouldhaveattendeditbutIvebeenbusytakingcareofmygrandmainhospitalthesedays.——你去听那个客座教授的讲座了吗？—没有我原来要去听的，但这几天我始终忙着在医院照看我奶奶
2.错综条件句中的虚拟语气在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不全都主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定Ifithadrainedlastnightitwouldbeverycoldtoday.假设昨天夜里下了雨，今日会很冷（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）IfIwereyouIwouldhavechosentotakethejob.假设我是你，我当时就选择接受那份工作（从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设）［即时演练2］补全句子
①（2017•天泮庙考改编）一DoyouhaveBettysphonenumber—Yes.OtherwiseIwouldnthavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.——你有贝蒂的号码吗？——是的否那么，我昨天就不能联系到她了
②（2015重庆高考改编）\\由0111hiswartimeexperiencesHemingwaywouldnihavewriuenhisfamousnovelAFarezvelltoAnns.假设海明威没有战斗经受的话，他就不会写出闻名的小说永别了，武器
③（2（）14•江西扃考改编）Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wcwouldnihavefounditotherwise.感谢你告知我们怎么到达那所房子，要不然，我们会找不到的
④（2（）14•浙江高考改编）Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigationortheywouldhavectoourhelp.在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来关心我们的
⑤2013•北京后考改编Ifwehadbookedatableearlierwewouldntbestandinghereinaqueue.假设我们早些预订餐桌，现在就不会站在这里排队了
三、虚拟语气的其他用法.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在Itisdemanded/necessarjVapity...+that…等结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用”should+do其中should可省略Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.有人建议推迟这个会议Itisnecessarythaltheproblemshouldbediscussedatonce.立即争论这个问题很有必要.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法在suggestionproposalorderplanideaadvicedecision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气其谓语动词应用should+do其中should可以省略Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoandhelphimatonce.我的建议是我们应当立即去关心他1isourideathatsheshouldgooAmericaforfurthereducation.我们的看法是她应当去进修.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1在asi%hough引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.他走起路来像是喝醉了Hetalksasifhehadbeentomanyplacesintheworld.他谈起话来好似他去过世界上的许多地方似的［名师点津］asif/though也可以引导表语从句，依据状况也常用虚拟语气Helookedasifhewereaforeigner.他看上去好似一个外国人2在inorderthatsothat引起的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用may/might/can/could+动词原形Letshandintheexercisesearliersothattheteachermayhavetimetocorrecthem.我们早点交练习以便于老师有时间改Theteacherspokeslowlyinorderhatthestudentscould/mighthearclearly.老师讲得很慢，为了让同学听清喷.虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法lItshightimethat...从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should+do表示“早该……了，其中should不行以省略ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早该上班了2ifonly引导的感慨句中，意为“要是……就好了〃ifonly中谓语动词的形式Ifonlyheywereherenowwewouldbeabletocelebratetheirweddinganniversary.假设他们现在在这里就好了，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了Ifonlyshehadtakenhisadvicelastnight.要是她昨晚接受他的建议就好了Ifonlyhecouldgowithustomorrow.要是他明天能和我们一起走该多好啊⑶其他一些表示祝福的句型Mayyousucceed!祝你胜利！LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!万岁！［即时演练3］补全句子©Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.盼望一切在今晚预备好
②MysuggestionisthatweshouldsendafewDeorletohelptheothergroups.我的建议是我们派几个人去关心别的小组
③2014•重庆左■考改编ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好似是我打破的似的？®ltstimewcgotup/shouldgetup.我们早该起床了
⑤IfonlyIhadnotmadethatmistake.要是我当时没有犯那个错误就好了课后强化训练I.单句语法填空Ifhehadworkedworkhardlastyearhewouldgetagreatsuccessnow.Butfortherainwewouldhavefinishedfinishtheworkalready.ItissuggestedthattheEnglishEveningshouldbeheldholdonSaturday.Hebehavedashoughnothinghadhappenedhappen.Itistimethatheshouldmake/mademakeadecision.IfonlyIhadhaveabiggerhouse!Ifwehadmademakeadequatepreparationstheconferencewouldhavebeensuccessful.Theiradviceisthatanewfactoryshouldbebuillbuildinheirhometown.Hadhaveyoufollowedtheteachersadviceyouwouldntbeinhospitalnow.IfmycarhadbeenbemorereliableIwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.II.单句写作Ifyouhadinfo门nedmeearlier/Hadyeuinfbi~mcdmeearlierIwouldnthavesignedthecontract.要是当时你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了Hadyourepairedhehouseyesterdayi【wouldntbewetnow.要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了
①Iwastoobusyatthattime;otherwise【wouldhavecalledyou.@IfIhadnotbeentoobusyatthattimeIwouldhavecalledyou.假设我当时不是太忙，我就给你打了Icutoffheelectricityintime.Otherwisetherewouldhavebeenadanger.我准时关掉了电源，要不然就会出危急了Itstimethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestostoppollution.我们早该实行措施来制止污染了IfonlyIhadapologizedloher.要是我当时向她抱歉就好了Theytalkedasiftheyhadb/cnfriendsforyears.他们谈话的样子好似是多年的老伴侣似的Itisimportantthathistaskshouldnolfail.重要的是这项任务不能失败HL用所给词的适当形式填空DearbrotherImnowwritingoyouforyouradvice.HowIwishyou
1.werebeherewithme!YesterdayafternoonIwenttoabookstorewithoneofmyfriends.Afterwewentoutheshowedmethebookhehadstolen.ConsideringhewaswrongIsuggestedhe
2.shouldgogobacktoreturnitorpayforit.ButhedidntlistentomeotherwiseI
3.wouldnthavereportednotreportittohismother.NowImreallyregretful.IwouldratherI
4.hadntletnotlethismotherknowit.AfterallheismyfriendwithoutwhosehelpI
5.wouldnlhavemadenotmakesorapidprogressinstudy.Butitisnowobviousthathehasbeguntohateme.Itseemsasifwc
6.hadntbeennotbefriendsbefore.CanyouadvisewhatI
7.shoulddodonow
8.Werebeyouinmypositionwhat
9.wouldwillyoudoIhopeyouIQ.cancangivemesomeadviceassoonaspossible.YoursPeterItis可用的三类词thatshould+dosuggestedorderedrequireddemandedrequestedproposeddesired等importantnecessarynaturalstrange等apityashame等asif/asthough时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相反had+过去分词与现在相反■般过去时be动词用were与将来相反would/could/might+动词原形与现在事实相反过去时与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反would/coulddo。
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