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SectionJOIGrammar-_同位语及同位语从句课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解rl.名词（词组）、代词、数词、形容词（短语）、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）等充当同位语
2.同位语从句同位语同位语c连接词thatwhether及同位’
3.从句的\连接代词whowhatwhichwhomwhose语从句连接词।连接副词whenwherewhy和how
4.同位语从句的几个注意事项.
5.同位语从句和定语从句的区别探究发觉
①WetwoMr.Leeandmyselfhadatalkprivately.
②AHtheChinesepeopleoldandyoungloveoursocialistcountry.©AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyearshalfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.
④Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.
⑤ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbeeseriouslyill.©Welldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.
⑦Ihavenoideawhowillbeinchargeofthepanywhenthemanagerisaway.
⑧Thequestionwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstillunderdiscussion.［我的发觉］
（1）以上句子中加黑局部是同位语同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当句
③是由名词短语作同位语:句
②是由形容词短语作同位语:句
④和句
⑤是由that引导的同位语从句
（2）在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句从句
④一
⑧可以看出，同位语从句一般用that_）vhethei;_ho_尹hy等词引导
（3）同位语从句常放在facLnewSjProblem-jdeajquestion等抽象名词后面说明该名词的详细内容
一、同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），对前者进一步说明，这一局部就叫作同位语可充当同位语的出名词（词组）、代词、数词、形容词（短语）、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）及从句等.名词、代词或数词充当同位语Weteachersshouldberesponsibleforthis.我们老师应当为此负责（名词作同位语）Theyeachputforwardaproposal.他们每个人都提出了一个建议（代词作同位语）Youmayleaveittoustwo.你可以把这事留给我们俩（数词作同位语）.名词词组、形容词（词组）、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）等充当同位语Mr.RobesonourheadteacherisfromCanada.我们的班主任罗伯逊先生，来自加拿大（名词词组作同位语）Isthisyourpurposetoavoidbeingpunished躲避惩处，这就是你的目的？（不定式短语作同位语）Thecurrentfairthebiggestinitshistoryisbeingheldinabigcity.目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在一座大城市进行（形容词短语作同位语）Thefirstplanattackingatnightwasturneddown.第一个方案是夜袭，被拒绝了（动名词短语作同位语）[即时演练1]写出以下句中充当同位语的词（组）的词性
①Webothhaveachancetotakepartinthisactivity.代词
②Pleasebringthesebookstothemthree.数词
③WangBingourmonitorwillhelpustoturninourpapers•名词短语
（4）Isthiswhatyouhavedoneleavingallthesethingsinamess动名词短语
⑤Peopleoldandyoungwenttothestreettowatchtheparade.形容词词组
二、同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的详细内容常见的这类名词有factnewshopetruthideasuggestionthoughtquestionpromiseorderproblembeliefwordmessageinformationproofannouncementdesiredoubtproposaladvicepossibility等Hisaccentatoncebetrayedthefactthathewasaforeigner.他的口音马上显示出他是一个外国人Thenewsthathewasintroubledeterminedmetoactatonce.他陷入逆境的消息，使我决心马上行动Allofusknowthetruththattheworldismadeofmatter.我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实Whyaretheysurprisedattheideathathewillretirenextyear他们为什么对他将在明年退休的想法感到惊异？［即时演练2］补全句子
①Wefinallygottheinformationthat」he_ticket_prioc_ha|_*one_up・我们最终得到了票价已上涨的信息
②DoyouknowthefactthatthefamiusjactojnasRlreadygotpiairied你知道这位闻名的演员已经结婚的事实吗？
③Sheannouncedherdecisionthatshewouldhavea—iounieyaloiie・她宣布了她将会单独旅行的打算三同位语从句的连接词L连接词thatwhetherthat引导同位语从句时，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，一般不能省略whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否〃，但仅起引导作用，在句中并不作成分，不行以用if替换Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.我们队获胜的消息是真实的ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwilleontime.有人疑心约翰是否会准时到来
2.连接代词whowhatwhichwhomwhose连接代词whowhatwhichwhomwhose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；其意义分别为“谁〃”什么〃”哪一个〃“谁〃“谁的〃Thequestionwhoshouldcleantheroomhasbeensolved.谁该清扫房间的问题已经解决了Ihavenoideawhatheisuptonow.我不知道他现在干什么Withtimegoingthedoubtwhichoftheteamwouldwindisappeared.随着时间的推动，哪支队伍会获胜的疑问消逝了Theproblemwhomhewouldtaketheplaceofwasdiscussedinthemeetingoverandoveragain.他将代替谁这个问题在会议上被反复争论Ihavenoideawhosewatchitis.我不知道这是谁的手表
3.连接副词whenwherewhy和how连接副词whenwherewhyhow引导同位语从句时那么在句中作时间、地点、缘由和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间哪里“为什么“怎么样TheyhavenoideawhenIwillgoback.他们不知道我什么时候回去Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他去了哪里Ihavenoideawhyhegaveup.我不知道他为什么放弃了Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome.他是怎样回家的，我没有印象[即时演练3]
（1）在以下句中填入恰当的引导词
①（2017•全国卷H）Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou*refortunateenoughtohavesuccessyoushouldputsomethingback.
②（2016•天津高考改编）Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.
③（黄庆高考改编）一IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday—YeahbutIhavenoideawhyhedidit;thafsoneofhisfavoriteuniversities.
（2）将下面句子合并为同位语从句TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet.Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot—Thefactthattwoqfths9faUgiiisinAmericaarconadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.
四、同位语从句的几个考前须知.同位语从句中的虚拟语气名词suggestionorderdemandmandrequest等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“（should+）do的形式Theorderthatallthesoldiers（should）setoffatoncewasgivenbythegeneral.全部士兵马上动身动身的命令是由将下达的Thesuggestionthateveryone（should）makeeffortstobeautifyourcampusisnecessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校内的建议是必要的.doubt与同位语从句名词doubt（疑心）用于确定句中，其后面的同位语从句用whether引导；nodoubt（毫无疑问）用于否认句中，其后面的同位语从句用that引导Thereisnodoubtthathewille.毫无疑问他会来的（nodoubt表示确定概念）Wehavesomedoubtwhetherhecanwinthefirstplaceinthepetition.我们疑心他能否在竞赛中获得第一名（somedoubt表示不确定的概念）.分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，防止头重脚轻Asayinggoesthatwherethereislifethereishope.谚语说留得青山在，不怕没柴烧（that引导的同位语从句，说明saying的内容）［即时演练4］单句语法填空
①Wordcamethattheirteamhadwontheimportantgame.
②Thereissomedoubtwhethertheywillaccepttheadviceornot.
③Hegavehisdaughtersomeadvicethatshe（should）jnake（make）gooduseofherholiday.41havenodoubtthatweneedsomehelptodothework.
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区分Theideathatyoucandothisjobwellwithoutthinkingiswrong.你能够不思索就做好这份工作的想法是错误的0（that引导同位语从句，不作成分，无词义）Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople..他提出的观点令很多人感到惊讶（that引导定语从句并在从句中作gave的宾语）Theorderwhenweshouldreturnhasntreachedus.J我们什么时候返回的命令还未下达（when引导同位语从句，与所修饰词概念不全都）ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.、成立的那天永久不会被遗忘（when引导定语从句，与先行词概念全都）［巧学助记］同位语从句用法口诀同位语从句似“定从，两种句式有异同；从句均在名词后，定“限同释要分清;定从that”宾可省，同位从句that不省［名师点津］同位语从句的简易推断方法我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，假如符合规律、句子通顺，那么是同位语从句［即时演练5］填入适当的连接词并推断以下各句是同位语从句还是定语从句
①IhavenoideawhentheywilletoShanghai同位语从句
②Theinformationthatyougotyesterdayisveryuseful.定语从句
③Theinformationthatyougavemeyesterdayisveryuseful.定语从句
④Weallhavethoseunforgettabledayswhenwetogetherhadameaningfultime.定语从包课后强化训练I.用适当的连接词填空Ihavenoideawhenwewillhaveagoodrest.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.WeexpressthehopethattheywilletovisitChinaagain.Thesuggestionthathegavemeispractical.Thenewsthat/whichyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.ThereisafeelinginmethatwellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.WeallknowthefactthatChinahasahistoryofoverfivethousandyears.Theproposalhadbeenputforwardandthenarosethequestionwhereweweretogettheproofsneeded.Thereismuchdiscussionaboutthequestionhowtherisingfoodpricesareaffectingordinarypeople.n.单句写作Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们竞赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校Imadeapromisethat—IjvouldWakeninjJiappy.我保证过我会让他快乐Wehaventyetsettledthequestion5VC-Caii_raisdiioiiBh_Woney怎样才能筹集到足够的钱，这个问题我们还没有解决Ourteachergaveusthesuggestionwher.vcshoiildspen|9ii£siimmerholidays.我们的老师就我们该去哪里度暑假给出了建议Thequestionwh°shoulddQthgworkrequiresconsideration.谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑Manyparentsholdtheviewthatteenagerssheuldntspeedtvupwchtimeonline.很多父母持有这样的观点青少年不应当花太多时间上网IvejustheardawarningontheradiothatarainstormislikelytQg.我刚从收音机上听说了暴风雨有可能要来的警告Thequestionwhether||iswrthdoiiigwillbediscussedatthemeeting.这件事情是否值得做，这个问题将要在会议上被争论nr用同位语从句合并两个句子TheheadmasterwilljoinusinhikingthisSunday.Wearegladatthenews.fWc_arc_glra_a{_]he_jiew」_that_the_headmastei_严ilLioin_US_in_hiking_this_Sunda工WherearewegoingfortheholidayHaveyouthoughtaboutthequestionfHaveyouthoiiehtaboiittheqiiestioiiwhereweRregoiiigfortheholida？AnewteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.Themessagereachedmeyesterday.—The_messaqe_that_a_jie也teachejwiH_teach_US_EnMish_next_term_reached_me_yesterday.HowdidtheaccidenteaboutThedriverrefusedtoanswerthepolicemansquestion.—Thedriverrefrse1tQansweithepolicemaiisqiiestionno2theaccideiitcameabout.Hisadviceisacceptable.Theworkshouldbepostponedtonextweekasaresultoflackoftools.fHi“advicgjhatthcy¥orKshouldDepostpoiiedtojiextweeKasaresult°f]ack°Ltolsjgacceptable・Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists.Theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.—The—factJhattheCarthiSDeingjvaniieraiidyarmeLtheseyearShaSyoiTiecImanyscientists.w.语法填空ThesedaysadebateaboutLwhetherwestudentsshouldmakefriendsonlineisdiscussedinourschooLAndopinions2differdifferentfrompersontoperson.Thosewhoareinfavour
3.ofitholdtheview
4.thatweshouldmunicatewithothersonline.Ontheonehanditisafact5thatwesinglechildrenneedmorefriendstokeepawayfromthe6lonelinesslonely.Ontheotherhandnoonecandenythatmakingfriendsonlinecan
7.broadenbroadourviews.Howevertherearestillsomepeople
8.whoareagainstit.Theysuggestthatchildren9・should/oiiceiitrateconcentratemoreontheirstudyforthey*retooyoungtoselectgoodinformationonline.AsfarasImconcernedaslongasdirectedinarightwayitwillbe
10.beneficialbenefitforusstudentstomakefriendsonline.同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分，只起连接作用，不行省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how/what起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分不引导定语从句其他wh-类词作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分。
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