高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT1SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR—名词性从句（主语从句宾语从句和表语从句）

Grammar=_名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解.及物动词的宾语.介词的宾语.动态形容词后

14.注意事项、r

1.主语+连系动词+表语从句表语从句\

2.连系动词有belookremainseemIsound等.连接词Ihatwhether和if.连接代词whatwhichwhowhom和whose.连接副词whenwherewhy和how.夏合连接词whatoverwhicheverwhoever和whomeverit作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句探究发觉

①ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornianoonereallyknows.

②HoweveritislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.©ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.

④Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

⑤Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroupsbutsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.［我的发觉］

（1）以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句（即名词性从句）在句中充当成分

（2）名词性从句在句中可作介词的宾语（句

①），动词的宾语（句

③）

（3）名词性从句在句中可作主适，且可用it作形式主语真正的主语从句置于句末（句

②、

⑤）

（4）名词性从句在句中可作表适（句

④）likeyournewapartmentAnn Wellthats

2.whyImcallingyouatthistimeoftheday.Iwanttoconsultyouaboutmydecision

3.thatIllstartlookingforanewplace.Roger Willyoutellme

4.whatistheproblemwithyourplacenowItneveroccurstome

5.thatyoudontliketheapartment.Ann Idobuttheproblemis

6.thatitisalittlefarfromthecampus.Iwonder7・iwhetheryoucanhelpme.Roger Allright.Sowillyoumakeclear

8.whatkindofplaceyouarelookingforAnn WellIdliketoshareanapartmentwithoneortworoommateswithinwalkingdistanceoftheschool.Roger ThafsOK.Nowpleasetellmehowmuchyouwanttospendonrent.Ann OhsomewhereunderD|S200amonth.Roger Hmm.AndanythingelseAnn YeahIneedaparkingspace.Roger Wellitseems

9.thatthereissuchanapartmentforrentnear

10.whereIlive.riljustdropbyonmywaytoworktoday.Ann Heythanksalot.Roger Noproblem.

一、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的定义及特点

（一）主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同Whetherthesportsmeetwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.运动会是否将进行现在不能确定Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.这本书销售如何取决于作者本人Whereweshallhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓［名师点津］假设主语局部结构较长，可以使用形式主语it把真正的主语从句放于后面Thatshewilldowellinherexamiscertain.=Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的

（二）宾语从句.作及物动词的宾语Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmatter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的.作介词的宾语如besidesthat…除之外；butthat…假设不是；exceptthat…除了……；inthat...“在于……；由于……”IsthereanythingwronginwhatIsaid我所说的有错误之处吗？Thesetwoareasaresimilarinthattheybothhavehighrainfallinsummer.这两个地区相像，由于在夏天降水都许多.动态形容词后形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure（确信），certain（确定），afraid（担忧），confident（有把握的）等Imnotcertainwhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达.考前须知

（1）宾语从句的否认转移:thinkbelievesupposeimagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否认词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否认式，而从句的谓语动词用确定式Idontthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.我想我们不必在这上面铺张太多时间（形式上否认主句，实际上还是否认从句）2宾语从句中不能省略that的状况动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that其余的宾语从句前的that一般不能省去Ibelievethatyouhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.我信任你已经尽全力了，事情会好起来的其次个that不能省“doubt+宾语从句”的应用确定句中用whether或if否认句和疑问句中用thatIdoubtwhetherhecanpasstheexam.我疑心他是否能够通过此次考试Idontdoubtthathecanpasstheexam.我不疑心他能通过此次考试Doyoudoubtthathecanpasstheexam你疑心他能通过此次考试吗？三表语从句.表语从句在复合句中作表语，消失在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句〃Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkintime.问题是我们是否能准时完成这项工作.可接表语从句的连系动词有belookremainseemsound等Youlookasifyousleptbadly.你看上去仿佛没睡好觉Thefactremainsthatwearestillnotadvancedenough.事实依旧是我们还是不够先进［名师点津］1表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容Thefactisthathedidntnoticethecaruntiltoolate.事实是他留意到汽车时已经太晚了2主句的主语是名词ideaadvicesuggestionorderrequestrequirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”Mysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofsettingitaside.我的建议是我们应当争论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边［即时演练1］选词填空

①2017•江苏高考改编Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20halfofwhatitusedtocharge.what/which

②2017•天津高考改编SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibraryandIadmittedthatIhadn*t.what/whether

③2017北京高考改编Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreetnotknowingwhereshewasheading.which/where

④2016•北京高考改编Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.that/what

⑤2015北京高考改编Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.where/how

⑥安徽高考改编Fromspacetheearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.why/because©Thathehadmetakindlibrarianinthecitylibrarygaveusnosurprise.that/what

二、连接词一thatwhether和if.连接词thatthat引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分但是that在引导主语从句、表语从句时，一般不能省略；在引导宾语从句时，常被省略；但是以下两种状况除外1多个并列从句消失时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略2含有形式主语it时，放于后面的宾语从句不能省略thatoThathesuddenlyfellillmadeussurprised.他突然生病让我们震动Shesaidthatshewouldreturnthatbooknextweek.她说她将于下周归还那本书ShesaidthatshewouldehereandthatIshouldwaitforhertillMonday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们向公众说明他们所做的工作重要且必不行少Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事实是我们落后于其他小组.连接词whether和if1连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略2主语从句位于句首时只能用whether；当用it作形式主语时，whether与if都可以3表语从句中常用whethero4宾语从句中连接词whether和if常常可以互换Whetherhepassedtheexamwasnotcertain.=Itwasnotcertainwhether/ifhepassedtheexam.不确定他是否通过了考试Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.问题是我们是否应当向他们寻求关心Iwonderwhether/ifhellagreewithme.我想知道他是否会同意我［名师点津］宾语从句中用whether不用if的三种状况⑴与ornot连用WedontknowwhetherTomwillturnupatthemeetingornot我们不知道汤姆是否会参与会议

（2）位于介词之后Everythingdependsonwhetheryouareforit.每件事情都取决于你是否赘成它

（3）位于动词不定式之前Idontknowwhethertobelievehim.我不知道是否该信任他

（二）连接代词whatwhichwhowhom和whose连接代词whatwhichwhowhom和whose在从句中的意义分别为所哪一个“谁〃谁〃“谁的〃；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语Thafswhatwehavesaid.（作宾语）那就是我们所说的话Doyouknowwhichoftheboyswaslate（作主语）你知道哪个男孩迟到了吗？Whowilletogivethetalkisknowntousall.（作主语）我们都知道谁将来作报告Theproblemiswhomtheheadmasterwillsendtodealwithit.（作宾语）问题是校长将要派谁来处理这件事情DoyouknowwhoseT-shirtitis（作定语）你知道这是谁的T恤衫吗？［名师点津］连接代词whatwhich的区分which引导主语从句时需要限定一个有限的、较小的范围，而what指在一个较广的范围内进行选择或者根本没有范围Whichoftheboysbrokethewindowisalreadyknown.已经知道是哪个男孩打破了窗户Idontknowwhatbooksthechildrencanread.我不知道孩子们能读什么书

（三）连接副词whenwherewhy和howwhen意为“何时”，在从句中作时间状语；where意为“哪里〃，在从句中作地点状语；how意为“如何〃，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么〃，在从句中作缘由状语Whenwellsetoffforhomehasntbeendecidedyet.我们何时动身回家还没有被打算ThatwaswhereIspentmyholiday.那就是我度假的地方Nobodyknewhowshegottheprize.没有人知道她是如何获奖的Thisiswhyweputoffthemeeting.这就是我们推迟会议的缘由四复合连接词whateverwhicheverwhoever和whomever连接代词whateverwhicheverwhoever和whomever在从句中的意义分别为“无论什么〃“无论哪一个〃“无论谁〃“无论谁〃；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、宾语或定语WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.我全部的一切都供你使用Illtakewhicheverpictureyoudontwant.我任凭拿一幅你不要的画好了Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.无论谁违反了法律都应当受到惩处Whomeveryouinvitewillbewele.你邀请的任何人都将受欢送［名师点津］lwhateverwhicheverwhomever既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句；nomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhom只引导让步状语从句Whichever/NomatterwhichdictionaryyouwanttobuyIllpayforit无论你想买哪本词典，我都情愿付款2wherever=nomatterwhere;whenever=nomatterwhen;however=nomatterhow一般引导让步状语从句However/NomatterhowtoughtheproblemmaybeIllworkitoutbymyself.无论问题可能有多难，我都会自己解决它［即时演练2］补全句子

①2017W匕京高考Everyyearwhoever_®akes_the_piostDeautifu］_KitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年制作出最美丽风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖

②WhaJhgJiac|§aidsurprisedeveryonepresent.他所说的话让在场每一个人惊讶

③Itseemedthoseinneed.他好像已将全部的钱都捐给了那些需要关心的人

④Idon*tknowwherej_ca口_placc_jnY_]uqgawe.我不知道我的行李可以放在哪里

⑤Wediscussedwhethejweshould」usethejnoiieytobuyanewhouse.我们争论该不该用这笔钱买套新居子

三、让作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句

（一）主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型It+不及物动词的适当形式+从句Itseemsthat…好似是…Ithappenedthat…碰巧Itfollowsthat…由此可见Ithasturnedoutthat...结果ItseemedthathehadbeentoBeijingbefore.好似他以前去过北京It+be+及物动词的过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说Itisreportedthat...据报道…Itisbelievedthat...人们认为Itishopedthat・・・大家盼望Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明…Itissaidthathehasreadthenovel.据说他读过这本小说t+be+名词（词组）+从句Itisafactthat…事实是Itisgoodnewsthat...是好消息Itisaquestionthat...是个问题Itismonknowledgethat...是常识Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实

4.It+be+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat...很清晰……Itisunlikelythat...很不太可能Itisimportantthat...重要的是Itisnecessarythatpeopleshouldlearntofacethereality.人们应当学会面对现实是有必要的二宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型.带复合宾语宾语+宾语补足语的句子，that引导的宾语从句常常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanflnishtheworktoday.我们认为你今日能够完成这项工作.表示喜爱、憎恶等心理活动的动词或短语后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it再接宾语从句o如hateenjoydislikelovedontmindfeellikeappreciaterelyoncountonseetotake认为owe等Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我认为你会赞成我们的［巧学助记］巧记名词性从句名词性从句并不难，陈述语气要领先特殊留意引导词，引导主语、表语和宾语主语从句嫌太长，it在句首属正常宾语从句也不短，it代替并不乱表语从句不能变，稳稳当当在中间［即时演练3］补全句子

①Itseemsthat」heYjvil］winthegame.看起来他们会赢得这场竞赛

②Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshould有人建议会议应当延期31hateMvhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我厌烦他们满嘴食物时说话41thinKilnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.用适当的连接词填空Whatsurprisesmemostisthatheistoovain.Wherecarswillbeparkedinthefutureisaquestion.Whenwewillhaveapicnicdependsontheweather.Whichpartofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillattendthemeeting.Itisreportedthatanewfilmwillbeputoninthecinema.ThatMikedidntturnupatthemeetingyesterdaymadethechairmanofthemeetingunhappy.WhetherthePresidentwillattendthepartyornotiskeptasecret.Itisnecessarythatheshouldlearnaboutthewholematter.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedremainsamysterynow.n.单句写作Whatrolehe5vil]playinthefilmhasntbeenknown.在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道Heisagoodstudentexceptthatnejsa」ittle£areless.他是个好同学，就是有点马虎Shealwaysthinksofhowshe£ei|MQaDettejiob.她总是在想怎样把工作做得更好Whoeverfailsjnthccxamshallnotloseheart.无论谁在考试中失败都不应当丢失信念WethinKMimpnrtant」hateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.我们认为每个市民有礼貌是重要的ItJgsai（|Jhattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.据说这位教授已经胜利地完成了这个试验Thereasonforhisabsencewasthath2asjH・他缺席的缘由是他生病了ItsapitYthatyoumissedthefilm.你错过了那部电影真是圆满IdoiTtthinK[£aiirememberthe100wordswithintwohours.我认为我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词Iamnotinterestedinwhetherthey皿加，©mWC口匕我对他们是否信任我不感爱好III.语法填空（用名词性从句引导词填空）Ann HelloRogerThisisAnn.Roger HiAnn.Iwasabouttocallyoutoseel.howthingsaregoingwithyou.Doyou。