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SectionIIIGrammar一复习定语和定语从句语法突破/［德法初积］［语注副折］定语语法点一定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词可用作定语的词有形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、从句以及非谓语动词等1名词作定语修饰另一名词时，一般用单数形式；man和woman作定语时，可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必需随所修饰的名词的数而定Hebrokeacoffeecup.他打碎了一个咖啡麻HesaidthatIwowomenteacherswouldetoourvillagenextweek.他说两个女老师下周要来我们村2用作定语的代词为形容词性物主代词、of全部格和不定代词全部格Herproposalisworthconsidering.她的建议值得考虑Mybusinessisnoneofvourbusiness.我的事与你无关3基数词和序数词都可用作定语WebelongtotheThirdWorld.我们属于笫三世界.位置定语的位置有两种前置定语和后置定语I形容词作定语时要置于其修饰的名词前，但表语形容词作后置定语；形容词修饰不定代词时也要后置Allthepeoplepresentwerefortheplan.在场的全部人都同意这项方案Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的手表出毛病了
（2）有些时间和地点副词（如aboveherethere等）作后置定语Putthebookontheshelfabove.把这本书放在上面的架子上
（3）介词短语・、非谓语动词和从句通常作后置定语Thatistheteachingplanforyoutodiscuss.那就是供你们争论的那份教学方案Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.没有什么事使他苦恼.多个作定语的形容词的挨次当多个形容词作定语时，其也许位置关系如下大小（外形、年龄）+颜色+来源+材料+用途+被修饰的词apairofblackSpanishleatherboots一双黑色的西班牙皮靴somebeautifullittleredflowers一些漂痉的小红花thefirstbeautifullittlewhiteChinesewoodenbridge第一座漂亮的中国小白木桥集中演练1画出以下句子中的定语©Yourearealfoolifyoubelieveit.答案Yourearealfoolifyoubelieveit.
②TheyplayedanimportantfootballmatchagainstLiverpoollastSunday.答案TheyplayedanimporlanlfootballmatchagainstLiverpoollastSunday.
③Myhairneedscutting.答案Myhairneedscutting.©Theresonlyonewaytosolveit.答案TheresonIyonewaylosolveit.
⑤Thetworoomsupstairsaremysistersbedrooms.答案Thetworoomsupstairsaremysistersbedrooms.@Hewaswalkingintheparkwithawalkingstickinhishand.答案Hewaswalkingintheparkwithawalkingstickinhishand.©Lookalthebrokenglasses.答案Lookalthebrokenglasses.@Themanwhocausedtheaccidentescaped.答案Themanwhocausedtheaccidentescaped.语法点二定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类
1.定语从句中关系词的用法♦指人thal，whowhomwhose（定语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawvesterdav.他就是我昨天观察的那个人Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttocunwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhenwemetforthefirsttime你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？CanyoushowmethehousewhereShakespearelived你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗？Idontknowthereasonwhyhedidn*ttellittohisfather.我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告知他父亲［名师点津］1表示“方式”的名词way后的定语从句中假如关系词在从句中作方式状语，关系词用that或inwhich也可省略关系词Idontlikethewaythat/inwhichhetalkstome.我不喜爱他和我说话的方式2as引导限制性定语从句，指代人或物，在从句中作宾语或主语，通常用于以下结构thesame...as意为“同……一样的，such...as意为“像……这/那样的〃；引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话，常译为“正如……〃；从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后Wedothesameworkastheydo.我们和他们干同样的活SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的“介词+关系词〃引导的定语从句1关系代词作介词的宾语，当介词置于定语从句句首时，关系代词只能用which指物或whom指人Thepencilwithwhichhewaswritingsuddenlybroke.他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了Lookatthephoto.ThisisMrGreeninfrontofwhomsitthreestudents.看这张照片这是格林先生，在他的前面坐着三个同学Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub你还记得你参加我们俱乐部的那一天吗？“不定代词或数词+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句可转化为“of+which/whom+不定代词或数词引导的定语从句其中不定代词为:someanynonebothallmanyafewfewalittlelittleeitherneitheronemostpart等Thereare40studentsinourclassmostofwhom=ofwhommostlikeEnglish.我们班有40名同学，他们中的大多数喜爱英语“whose+名词”引导定语从句时，可转化为“the+名词+of+which/whom”或of+which/whom+lhe+名词”介词of表示全部关系Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhich=ofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.我住在一个窗户都坏了的房间里“某些介词+关系副词”也可引导定语从句HegraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1988sincewhenhehasimprovedhimselfinallaspects.他1988年毕业于北京高校从那时起他在各方面都提高了集中演练2I单句语法填空
①Doyoustillrememberthefarmwhich/thatwevisitedthreemonthsago®-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto—YesjusttheonewhereIusedtoworkfortwentyyears.
③Jimpassedthedrivingtestwhichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.@Isthisthereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork
⑤Theorganizationwasfoundedbythetwoboyswhoseparentsarebothinvestors.©MrBrownisamanwhom/who/thatyoucanturntoforhelpwhenyouarcintrouble.©Thenumberofsmokersasisreportedhasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.©TherearetwothingstowhichyoushouldpayattentionwhilelearningEnglish.
⑨Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasblownoffbythewindistheoldestoneinthisvillage.©Doyouknowtheladywithwhomourmanageristalkingintheoffice@Hcexplainedthereasonforwhichhehaddonethethingfortheold.®Idontlikethewayinwhichhetreatshisparents.2单句改错⑬Readinghasalotofadvantagesoneofthemisthatithelpsyoudevelopreadingskills.them-*which⑭Firsttheplacewherewevedecidedtovisit—theForestParkisnotfarawayfromthecity.where—which/that或去掉where⑮FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgehelpsustoseekthe「ulh.bridge后力IIihal/which®MyhouseisaboutthreekilometersfarawayfromXianMuslimStreetwhereisfulloflocalfoods.wherefwhich/that@Atthesametimeanotherstudentthatsaweverythingwentuptohelp.thatwho⑱Myfatherwaseasilycheatedwhatsurprisedme.what-**which［链排常考］单句语法填空（2017•全国卷I语法明室）Likeanythingitispossibletohavetoomuchofbothisnotgoodforthehealth.解析which考查定语从句的关系词分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个句子，故填关系代词which（2017•全国卷川语法填空）ButSarahhastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析who考查定语从句的关系词此句中Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以推断此处空格所在句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah从句中缺主语且指人，故填whoo（2017•北京衣者单项选择改编）Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.解析ihal/which考查定语从句的关系词句意我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是宏大创造的灵感分析句子结构可知，空格所在句子为定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems故填that/whicho（2017•天洋高考单项选择改编）MyeldestsonworktakeshimallovertheworldisinNewYorkatthemoment.解析whose考查定语从句的关系词句意我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约从句意和结构来看，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，故填whoseo（2017•天洋海考单项选择改编）1waswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeetingasIhadatrain（catch）.解析tocatch考查非谓语动词句意在整个会议期间我始终在看钟表，由于我要赶火车空格所在局部用了havesth.todo表示“有某事要做〃，其中不定式作定语，故填tocatcho（2016•全国卷I语法填空）OnmyrecentvisitIheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitmother.解析its考查代词作定语分析句子结构可知，mother是名词，所埴词应作定语修饰mother故填its2016•全ca卷I语法理■空ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980sIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.解析when;permilted考查定语从句的关系词和非谓语动词分析句子结构可知，第一个空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的“ihemid-1980s”且从句缺少时间状语，故填when;其次个空格所填词与reporter之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填permittedo［针对演优］.单句语法填空Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemandswhichmadeusquiteangry.Allthebooksthatwerecollectedfromthestudentswillbesenttothoseschoolsinthecountryside.WewenttoGuilinwhereweenjoyedourselves.Thesubwaytobepletedpletenextyearwilleasethetrafficjaminthiscity.Theconcertgivengivebythestudentsyesterdaywasagreatsuccess.Igotatextmessagejustnowsayingsaythattherewassomethingwrongwithmycreditcard.Hehasalotofwork_to_dodothisweekendsohecantgotoDalianwithus.Aswasexpectedheperformedthetaskwithsuccess.Shehadeightchildrenthreeofwhomgrewup.Thebusesmostofwhichwerealreadyfullweresurroundedbyangrycrowd..完成句子.一个五岁的孩子正在叠纸飞机Afi\eyear-oldboyisfoldingaDaperplane..那个男孩在房间里发觉了某件惊奇的东西Theboyfoundsomethingstrangeintheroom..这条被污染的河散发出难闻的气味Thepollutedrivergivesoffaterriblesmell..众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越温和Asweallknowtheearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange..没经受过暴风雨的水手永久不会成为一名优秀的水手Asailorwhohasexperiencednoslormwillneverbeeanexcellentsailor..我特殊的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不行或缺的一局部Myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooksandnewspaperswhich」iasbccancccssaryDartofLmydaily」ife..在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新奇而且人们友好DuringholidayseasonsIwillliveinthecountrysidewhereIheairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly..他昨天是在一家新的红砖砌的大餐厅吃的饭Hehadhisdinnerinannewlargebrickdininghallyesterday..明天进行的会议特别重要Themeetingiobeheldtomorrowisveryimportanl..坐在桌边的那个男人站起来向我道别ThemansittingathetablestoodupandsaidByetome.UI.短文班“DearJackThanksforyourletter.Imgladyouvebeenofferedtwosummerjobsatsametime-workinginarestaurantandworkinginaIwerehimIwouldtaketheoneinthemuseum.FirstyoucangainmoreknowledgeabouthistorythatwillenrichyourlifeyoucanmakemorefriendfromdifferentpartsofthecountrybyservethemwhenworkingparedtothejobintherestaurantworkinginthemuseumcanbemostyoufindapositionthereImsureyoullseearapidimproveinbothyourcharacterorwillalsohavegreattime.Goodluck!Yours»LiHua答案其次句at后加the第三句him-*you第四句which;great_*greaUy第五句friend_*friends;serve-sen;ing第六句most-*more第七句improve-*improvement;or-*and第八句:have后加a原句感知自主探究
①Ithoughtthisvastwaveoffoodwasthetotalnumberofdishestobeserved.©Everyoneelsejusttastedabitofeachdishandthenputtheirchopsticksdowncontinuingtochat.
③Istillrememberwhat1ate:atunafishandchccscsandwich.®Doyouknowthegirlsingingoverthere@Heisalwayshefirstpersontoleavetheoffice.
⑥OneeveninghewasentertainingtherulerofasmallislandinthePacific.©Howeverihereareotherkindsoffoodsthathavetakenlongerformetoaccept.@BulonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeatevenifitisjustapotato.
⑨AsweallknowPutinwaselectedPresidentofRussiaathirdtime.⑩Thesunheatstheearthwhichisveryimportanttous.1句
①〜
⑥中黑体局部在句中均作定语句
①③中黑体局部在句中均作前置定语句
②、
④、
⑤、
⑥中黑体局部在句中均作后置定语2句
⑦〜⑩中，黑体局部均为定语从句;其中句
⑨⑩的黑体局部为非限制性定语从句。
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