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专题八代词@高考感知(2021•全国乙卷,63)Ecotourismhas(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.答案its修饰名词origin应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的起源”故填itSo(2021•新高考I卷,64)Asthesonggoesthislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappearvanditwillalwaysstickinthevisitorsmemory.Itsuredoesin(I).答案mine此处表示这条路必定会留在我的记忆中此句中it指代thislongandwindingroaddoes指代动词stick设空处应用名词性物主代词mine指代mymemory故填mine(2021•浙江高考,61)Shewasextremelyprettyandherhousewasareflectionof(she)everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.答案herself句意她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条此处意为“她自己”,应用反身代词故填herself(2020•全国卷I,70)Dataaboutthemoon,scompositionsuchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontainscouldhelpChinadecidewhether(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.答案its根据设空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its(2020江苏高考,32)Thisactoroftenhasthefirsttwotricksplannedbeforeperformingandthengoesfor(what).答案whatever句意这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴此处作goesfor的宾语指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境(2020•新高考I卷,42)Aswellaslookingatexhibitsvisitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.答案themselves句意除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中此处指代visitors意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词(2019•天津高考,3)Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafterschoolactivitiesarehappierthanwhoarenot.答案those设空处指代前面的复数名词thestudents同时为who引导的定语从句BesidesyournamecardIfoundapassportandacreditcardinitofwhichhaveyournameonthem.答案:both此处用both指代前面提到的“apassportandacreditcard”Myschoolbagwhichisbrandnewisacommonpackbag;itisablackwithaChineseknotonthetop.答案one此处用one指代前面提到的可数名词schoolbag一ExcusemedoyouwantDavidorBrowntodoit—isuptothejobImafraid.答案Neither句意一一打扰一下,你想让戴维还是布朗做这项工作呢?一一恐怕他们俩都不能胜任neither表示“两者都不”,符合语境H.单句改错Thetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandsharesomewitheachother.答案somefmuch由gettingonverywe11(相处得很融洽)可知两人有很多共同点,故将some改为mucho一IsthereanythingelseIcandoforyouJeff—No.Thanks.Ireallyappreciatewhenyoulentallyournotestomebeforetheexam.答案appreciate后加itit在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面的从句(2021•呼和浩特市高三年级质量普查调研考试)Ihaveaneasy-goingfamilyoffourandallofmyparentsareveryapproachable.答案all-both句意我有一个随和的四口之家,我父母都很平易近人此处指父母两个人,所以用代词both;all指三个或三个以上故将all改为bothInsomecountriespeopleeatwithchopstickswhileinotherknivesandforks.答案otherfothersothers泛指其他国家,没有范围限制Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembersbutsomethingtonone.答案somethingfeverything句意优秀的家庭对它们的成员们来说意味着许多,但并不是一一切此处指“一一切”,故将something改为everythingIII.短文改错(2021•四川石室中学高三月考)EventothisdayIstillremembertheverymomentwhenIwavedmyping-pongpaddleatthefirsttime.AttheendofprimaryschoolIoriginalintendedtotakeupthissporttokilltimeduringmyboringsummerholiday.NevercouldIimaginethatitwouldendupmyfavoriteinmylife.Asmyping-pongskillsimprovedwithpracticeandIsoonfoundthatnoonewantedtoplaywithmeanymore.Latermycoachintroducedmetoasportscenterfortheelderlyorganizedbythecertainuniversity.Itwasprettystrangebeingtheyoungestboyplayedwithacrowdofoldpeople.ButthegapinagesfadedassoonasIliftedourpaddlesandputourfocusonthetinyball.TheexperiencemademerealizethatwhatIhavelearnedbythenwaslikeadropintheocean.Thismademeenthusiastictopractiseevenmuch.答案EventothisdayIstillremembertheverymomentwhenIwavedmyping-pongpaddleatthefirsttime.AttheendofprimaryschoolIoriginalintendedtotakeupthis
①for
②originallysporttokilltimeduringmyboringsummerholiday.NevercouldIimaginethatitwouldendupAmyfavoriteinmylife.
③asAsmyping-pongskillsimprovedwithpracticeahdIsoonfoundthatnoone
④wantedtoplaywithmeanymore.Latermycoachintroducedmetoasportscenterfortheelderlyorganizedbythecertainuniversity.Itwasprettystrangebeingthe
⑤ayoungestboyplayedwithacrowdofoldpeople.Butthegapinagesfadedassoon
⑥playing
⑦ageasIliftedourpaddlesandputourfocusonthetinyball.Theexperiencemade§wemerealizethatwhatIhavelearnedbythenwaslikeadropintheocean.Thismade
⑨hadmeenthusiastictopractiseevenmuch.⑩moreat^for考查介词forthefirsttime“第一次”,为固定短语故将at改为fororiginal-originally考查副词修饰动词intend需用副词作状语故将original改为originallyomy前加as考查介词endupas意为“最后成为故在my前加as去掉and考查连词as引导的是时间状语从句,后面的是主句,不需要连词and连接故将and去掉the—a考查冠词university为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且certain的发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰故将the改为aplayed-playing考查非谓语动词play和逻辑主语boy为主动关系,需用现在分词形式作后置定语故将played改为playingages-age考查名词此处表示“年龄的差距”,表示抽象概念,不可数故将ages改为agewe考查代词句意但当我们举起球拍,把注意力放在小球上时,年龄差距就消失了根据上文“withacrowdofoldpeople”以及下文“ourpaddlesv“ourfocus”可知,此处对应的人称代词为“我们”故将I改为wehave-had考查动词的时态句意这次经历让我意识到,那时我所学到的只是沧海一粟“learn”发生在“mademerealize之前,表示“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时故将have改为hadmuch^more考查副词的比较级even修饰副词的比较级故将much改为more的先行词,此时应该用表示特指的指示代词thoseo(2021•全国甲卷,短文改错)0nlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsonourown.答案little-few句意:只有少数人选择自己解决问题指代“少数人”应用afew故将little改为fewoour-their根据本句的讨论对象为第三人称,相应的形容词性物主代词应用their故将our改为theiro(2020•全国卷H短文改错)BestofluckwithyourslearningkungfuinChina.答案yoursfyour/you句意祝你在中国学习功夫好运此处可表达为“bestofluckwithsbdoingsth”或“bestofluckwithsbsdoingsth”意为“祝某人在好运”故将yours改为your/youo(2019•全国卷HI短文改错)Inthecafecustomerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.答案yourselves-1^themselves此处指代主语customers要用themselveso❷考点归纳一代词的分类代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等续表二重要代词的用法.人称代词⑴不定代词anybodyeverybodynobodyanyonesomeoneeveryonenoone及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用hehim代替如Nobodyknowsitdoeshe2人称代词并列的排列顺序单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为第二人称+第三人称+第一人称YouheandIarefondofmusic.复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为第一人称+第二人称+第三人称Weyouandtheyareallgoodcitizens..物主代词表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词在名词前作定语;名词性物主代词作句子的主语、宾语和表语MrWangismyEnglishteacher.定语一Whosemobilephoneisthis—Itsmine.俵语rvefinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours宾语.反身代词反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等1有些动词如dressbatheamuseblamedrycutenjoyhurtintroducebehave等常用反身代词作宾语,表示动作回到执行者本身Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefruit.Icouldnotdressmyselfupatthattime.Pleaseallowmetointroducemyselffirst.2不少情况下,反身代词可起强调作用,具有状语的性质,这时可放到句子后部Iprefertodotheworkmyself..指示代词常用的指示代词有thisthatthesethoseo这些指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等1指示代词this和that的区别this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到的事物,有承上的作用Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Thatswhyhedidn,tcome.[注意]在口语中,this和that可用作副词来修饰形容词,以表示程度Ididntrealizeitwasgoingtobethisfar=asfarasthis.Ifyourfriendisthatcleverwhyisn,therichsuch的用法such一般在句中作定语和主语;在作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词an应放在such之后;而such在与nosomeanyseveralmanylittlefewall等连用时,放在它们的后面Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausetheearthquakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.BelieveitornotthereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.so的用法在thinksayheardohopebelieveexpectfearbeafraid等后,常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况一ThenewEnglishteacherisverystrict.—YesIthinkso.—Willitbefinetomorrow—Ihopeso.[注意]so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词
①so+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+主语
②so+主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词
③主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+so一Sheboughtacomputer.—SodidI.一Hewi11gotoHangzhouforaholidaytomorrow.一Sohewill.Theteacheraskedustoreadthetextandwedidso.thesame...as“与一样的”不是同一个;thesame...that指同一个ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.相似的,但不是同一块手表ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.是丢失的那块手表用不定代词用法辨析some与any;one与it;that与those2anotherothertheotherotherstheothers的用法3allbotheitherneithereach和every的用法4nonenoonenothing与no的用法
①none既可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指概念,常用来回答howmany/much引导的疑问句;none只能指人,且只能是泛指概念,常用来回答who引导的疑问句;nothing什么也没有,否定一切,常用来回答what引导的疑问句―Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroomnow—None.—Whoisintheclassroom一Noone./Nobody.
②none后面可加of引导的介词短语,而something/anything/everything/nothingsomeone/anyone/everyone/noone去[I不能
③no=notany在句子中作定语,修饰可数或不可数名词none在句中作主语或宾语Thereisnowateronthemoon.定语Noneofthemknowsthestory.主语Iknownoneofthem.宾语5fewafewlittle与alittle的用法续表it的用法it作形式主语或形式宾语it作形式主语或形式宾语时,真正的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主语或宾语从句,把真正的主语或宾语移到句后Itisagoodhabittodomorningexercises.Itisapitythatyoudidn,tseesuchagoodfilm.rdappreciateitifyoucanhelpmewithmyEnglish.it用于强调句型It+is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他ItisProfessorWangthat/whoteachesusEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.it引起的几个易混时间句型
①It+be+时间段+since从句“自从以来已多久了”在“Itis/hasbeen.・.since...”句型中,注意since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,则主句动作或状态自该终止性动词动作开始时算起;若since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词,则主句动作或所表示的状态自该延续性动词动作结束时开始ItisthreeyearssincesheleftBeijing.ItisthreeyearssinceshelivedinBeijing.
②It+be+时间段+before从句,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式,意为“过多长时间才……”;主句中的谓语动词是否定式时,意为“没过多久就……”主句的时态可用一般过去时was或一般将来时willbe;用was时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用willbe时,before从句常用一般现在时Itwasnotlongbeforeshelearnedthosepoemsbyheart.Itwaslongbeforethepolicearrived.Itwillbehoursbeforehemakesadecision.
③It+be+时间+when从句,主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是willbewhen从句用一般现在时代替将来时Itwasalready8oclockwhenwegothome.Itwasthenextmorningwhenwefinishedourwork.Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere.©专项训练I.单句语法填空ishighlylikelythattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreserved.答案It句意很可能最近在西伯利亚发现的遗迹已经得到了保护此处it是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面由that引导的主语从句thattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreservedo2021•黑龙江省实验中学高三上学期学年阶段测试Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatonebutitcostsalmostthreetimesas.答案much句意相比那件,我更喜欢这件夹克,但价钱几乎是那件的三倍表示“A是B的多少倍”可以用“A+谓语动词+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”的结构来表示;价钱是不可数,故填much2021•黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学高三上学期第一次月考IthinkMrsStarkcouldbebetween50and60yearsofage.答案anywhere句意我认为斯塔尔克夫人的年龄可能在50到60岁之间此处用anywhere表示抽象意义上的“任何地方”,即在50到60岁之间的某个年龄故填anywhere0Ifyouwanttokeepyoufrombeinghungrylaterofthedayyou,dbettereatwithin90minutesafterwakingup.答案yourself句意如果你想这一天不饿的话,你最好在醒来后九十分钟内吃东西此处反身代词作宾语,故填yourselfoWhatshouldalsodoisturnoffthelightswhenweleaveourclassroomsordorms.答案we句意我们也要做的是离开教室或宿舍时随手关灯下文提到的“whenweleaveourclassrooms^也是提不Somesuggestedgoingboatinginthelakewhilethoughtitagoodideatoclimbthehillnearourschool.答案otherssome.・・others..・”一些人另一些人”Youcanchooseofthebooksonthelist.答案anyany在此句中为不定代词,意为“任一,任何一些”单数复数分类第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性—mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词thisthatthesethose相互代词宾格eachotheroneanother所有格eachothersoneanothefs不定代词普通不定代词someanynosomebodyanybodynobodysomeoneanyonenoonesomethinganythingnothingnone个体代词alleveryeachotheranothereitherneitherbothhalfeverybodyeveryoneeverything数量代词manymuchafewalittlealotoflotsofagreatdealofagreatmany疑问代词whowhomwhosewhichwhat连接代词whowhomwhosewhichwhatwherewhenwhyhow用法请参阅名词性从句部分关系代词whowhomwhosewhichthat(用法请参阅定语从句部分)someanysome可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议、请求等一Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!■—ItsfromMexico.Wouldyoulikesomesome和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个
①Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.
②一WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage—Anywayasyouplease.oneitone表示泛指,指代前面提到过的那类人或物中的一个,用于指代可数名词若有修饰词,则必须与冠词连用可启前置、后置定语其复数为onesit所代替的是前面提到过的“同名同物”,既可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不口」数名词,it前通常不加修饰语it还可指代一件具体的事,而ne不可以
①Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreseriousonesthanmobilephonesdo.
②OfallthedressesthisistheoneIlikebest.
(3)ThisfilmisaninterestingoneandIliketoseeit.thatthosethal通常指代前面提到的不可数名词,而且有后置定语those指代前面提到的可数名词复数,常有后置定语©GenerallyspeakingtheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinShanghai.
②Thedishesinthisrestaurantissimilartothoseinthatrestaurant.不定代词意义用法说明another三者或三者以上中的任何一个另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个用作代词或形容词,如Idontlikethiscoat.Showmeanotherplease.other另外的,相当于形容词只作定语常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有thethisthatsomeany»eachevennoone及my.yourhis等时,则可单数名词连用,如anyotherplanteveryotherdaytheother(两者中的)另一个常与one连用,构成one...theother...“一个另一个……”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方中的“全部其余的“others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式.泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语.常构成some...others...theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的复数形式特指其余的人或物.常构成some...theothers...词性数量意义、用法allpron.三个或三个以上的人或物
①作主语指“所有的人”时谓语动词用复数,指“所有的事情”时,谓语动词用单数
②not无论放在all前还是后,都表示部分否定,全部否定用noneo除了all之外,botheachevery以及由every构成的不定代词,加not都表示部分否定,若要表示全部否定,需要借助neithernothingnoonenobody等词
③可以和of短语连用bothpron.两个人或物可以和of短语连用eitherpron.两者中任何一个还可作副词,表示“也”,用在否定句句尾neitherpron.两者都不还可表示“也不”,此时以neither开头常用部分倒装eachpron.adj.两者或两者以上的每一个
①强调个体
②可以与Of短语连用everyadj.三者或三者以上中的每一个
①整体描述
②不能与of短语连用词义用法例句few几乎没有(否定)修饰可数名词复数Fewwordsarebest.词义用法例句afew有几个(肯定)修饰可数名词复数Ihaveonlyafewbooks.little几乎没有(否定)修饰不口」数名词Shehadlittleaffectionforhim.alittle有一点(肯定)修饰不可数名词Alittlewaterisenough.。
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