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语法基本知识--词法I.英语中常见的词性有哪些冠词数词名词代词动词形容词副词介词连词名词又分为可数名词不可数名词以下划线动词有什么不同？Heiswritingaletter.ThetowerwasdesignedbyGilbertScott.Mywatchstopped.Heislookingatme.Heislisteningtothemusic.请比较以下相同动词在不同语境中的用法:Weareplayingbasketball.Childrenareplayingandchasingeachother.Tomleftlastweek.Neverleftchildrenplayingnearwaterunattended.小结动词分为及物动词transitiveverbvt.和不及物动词intransitiveverbvi.，及物动词后面必须加宾语不及物动词不能接宾语如需加宾语，宾语前需加介可及物动词直被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态练习请说出以下词的词性deskhewaterthatsafeonefirstheregreathardeatarrivehaveandbutteaII.构词法.英语构词法主要有三种派生，转化，合成派生derivation一通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词Eg.happy-unhappy-happiness转化conversion-由一个词类变为另一个词类Eg.watern.---waterv.合成compounding--由两个或更多的词构成一个词Eg.wood+cut=woodcut木亥ljHappy+go+lucky=happy-go-lucky无忧无虑.派生anathein后缀1转换为名词exist---existenceappear-appearanceenter——entrancerefer---referenceperform---performanceinsure——insurance小结1-ence-anceproduce---productionreduce——reductionconsume-consumptiondestroy-destructionreceive-receptionintend---intentionreserve---reservationconserve——conservationassume---assumptiondescribe-descriptionsolve-solutiondefine---definitionpreserve-preservationobserve-——observationstarve---starvation辨析reservepreserveconserveReserve:toarrangeforaplaceinahotelrestaurantplaneetctobekeptforyoutouseataparticulartimeinthefutureIdliketoreserveatablefortwo.DoyouhavetoreserveticketsforadvancePreserveconservetoprotectsth.andpreventitfromchangingorbeingdamagedWemustencouragetheplantingofnewtreesandpreserve/conserveourexisting语法基本知识-一句法I.句子成分主语subject谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语predicateobjectpredicativeattributeadverbialcomplementappositiveWeChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworking.Weyoungpeopleshoulddoourduties.LiMingmyfriendworksinafactory.II.句子的分类（按结构）Weloveourmotherland.简单句（只有一个主谓结构）Honeyissweetbutthebeestings并歹U句Comeagainwhenyouarefree.复合句小结按照结构，句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句IIL简单句五种基本句式
1.1slept.Yougotup.
2.Allsawme.Iliketoplayfootball.Helikesreading.
3.1amhappy.Wegotexcited.主+谓（vi.）主+谓（vt.）+宾主+系+表Shelentmesomemoney.Shewhisperedmeyourstories.主+谓+双宾语ThatladyteachesyouEnglish.Sheaskedmetohelpher.Isawyousmiling.Ihadmyshoescleaned.主+谓+宾+宾补问题1:常见的系动词有哪些？1表状态:beremainkeepappearseemliestandlooksoundsmelltastefeel...表变化:becomegetgrowturnfallgo....他看起来很疲惫.他说的话听起来很有道理.这面包闻起来很糟糕.这汤很好喝.这丝绸摸起来很柔软.在秋天，熊吃了又吃，长的胖极了.请保持安静.天越来越暖和了.我母亲越来越老了.秋天树叶变黄了.他仍然保持沉默.鱼在热天不久就变坏了.我会一直陪着她，直到她睡着Iwillstaywithheruntilshefallsasleep..厨房门开着，于是她走了进去Thekitchendoorstoodopensoshewentin.Thehousestoodempty..塔斯曼海TheTasmanSea位于塔斯马尼亚Tasmania和澳大利亚之间TheTasmanSealiesbetweenTasmaniaandAustralia.问题2常见的接双宾语的动词有哪些？givebringtellsendpassshowteachbuyhand等.他给我带来了一本字典请让我看看你的护照请把那支笔递给我妈妈给我讲了个故事许老师教我们英语IV.请分析以下句子的结构:
1.Sheisanicelady.Icouldntfindabettersittingroom.Ihavegotthewaytosolvetheproblem.IwatchedamoviecalledTheGreatGatsbyIfinallyfoundthemanwhohadhelpedmebefore.小结1:定语修饰名词和代词，一般由形容词，分词，不定式或从句充当当定语较短时，在所修饰词前，当定语较长时，在所修饰词后
2.1getupatsix.Ididmyworkathome.Shefeelsveryhappy.Hewassurprisedatthenews.Ifyoucomeearlyyouwillmeether.Youarelisteningtomeverycarefully.Igetupwhenthebellrings.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthebus.tocatchthebus.Hecanhardlyunderstandit.Heranintotheroomcrying.Hecellphonewasstolencausingherinformationtobeleaked.小结2状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，分词或从句来充当，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、程度、伴随、结果等修饰动词，形容词、副词或全句Ifounditaboringfilm.Theyfoundherhappyyesterday.Isawtheelevatorupanddown.Itsverycoldherewedbetterkeepthewindowsclosed.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Isawhimstandingatthedoor.Hewantstomakehimselfnoticed.Thedoctorpersuadedthepatienttogiveupsmoking.小结3宾语补足语一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式充当宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系。
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