高考真题分类题组专题七语法填空

专题七语法填空Passage12021北京AWhydowedreamScientistsarentcompletelysureandtheyhavediverse1idea.Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleepyourbrainsortsthrougheverything2happenedduringthedaytryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit3connectthingsyourbrainturnsthemintoastoryandyougetadream.BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer播主，andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome4acoldnighthecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasntabletogivehimanyinformationabout5shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould6safewaitforthepolicetotakeherhome.CThere7beadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years8causelargelybyrisingglobaltemperaturesaccordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019therewere7348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld9resultinUSD2970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed10investindisasterprevention.答案语篇解读Passage42016课标全国IChengduhasdozensofnewmillionairesAsiasbiggestbuildingandfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikemepandasareitstop

1.attract.Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBasewhereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I

2.allowtogetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.FromtomorrowIwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe

3.officialgiventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback

4.mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s

5.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter

6.permittofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude

7.introduceBritishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.OnmyrecentvisitIheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby

8.itmother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew

9.daywithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed

10.otheriswithmum一sheneversuspects.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘attraction考查名词设空处作表语句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者，熊猫是成都最吸引人的东西attraction〃吸引人的事物wasallowed考查动词的时态和语态由句子结构可知此处为谓语动词主语“I”和动词“allow”之间为被动关系根据上句中的谓语动词was可知文章叙述的是过去发生的事需用一般过去时故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态officially考查副词此处用副词修饰动词to考查介词gobackto追溯到，回溯到”，为固定短语when考查定语从句先行词themidT980s为表示时间的名词，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语故用关系副词when引导permitted考查非谓语动词此处应用过去分词作后置定语introducing考查动名词动词include后缺宾语，需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语its考查代词此处为it的形容词性物主代词，意为“它的”days考查名词的复数形式few修饰可数名词复数，故其后的名词需用复数形式the考查冠词one...theother...“两者中的一个另外一个”，为固定结构adj.adv.v.匕不疑Passage52016课标全国IIIfyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatworkyoushouldtakeastepbackandidentify识另【Jthoseof

1.greatandlessimportance.Thenhandlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou11feelarealsenseof

2.achieve.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

3.beoftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused

4.ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.Sogetanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive

5.possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent

6.studyshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks

7.regular.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

8.whileexercisingordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheofficeyou，11belesslikely

9.bringyourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything一gardeningcookingmusicsports—butwhateveritis

10.makesureitsarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.答案［语篇解读］如果在工作中你感到了压力如何解决作者给出了几种实用的减压方式可让身心得到放松greater考查形容词比较级根据此句中less可知应该用great的比较级和less并列achievement考查名词根据介词of可知设空处应该填名词形式asenseofachievement一^种成就感，此处achievement是不可数名词is考查主谓一致和时态动名词作句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式且描述一般事实故用isoon考查介词我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作befocusedon集中注意力于as考查短语as...aspossible尽可能studies考查名词单复数根据句中的谓语动词show可知主语应该用复数形式，故填studiesoregularly考查副词此处应该用副词形式作状语A考查冠词forawhile是固定短语，意为:一会儿tobring考查不定式belikelytodosth.为固定短语，意为:有可能做某事make考查祈使句但是无论是什么事，确保它是消除日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人担心的事情九成就;达到，完成加

7.富有成效的Passage6（2016课标全国III）InmuchofAsiaespeciallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChinaJapanKorea

1.Vietnamfoodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolongthinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplasticanimalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight

2.makeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal

3.createspecialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots

4.usetwigs树枝toremoveit.Overtime

5._thepopulationgrewpeoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich

6.gradualturnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius

7.livedfromroughly551to479B.C.influencedthe

8.developofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand

9.betooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndiaforexamplemostpeopletraditionallyeat

10.theirhands.答案［语篇解读］本文为说明文文章主要介绍了筷子及其发展的历史Land考查并列连词此处表示并列关系而不是选择关系，其模式为ABCandD故填并列连词andobemade考查情态动词和被动语态bemadeof表示“由制成”，根据设空前的情态动词might可知，此处填bemadetocreate考查不定式此处不定式作目的状语using考查现在分词现在分词在此处作伴随状语as/when考查连词根据语境可知，此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句gradually考查副词此处用副词修饰turnedintowho考查定语从句此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词Confucius（孔子）指人，故需用关系代词who引导定语从句development考查名词由设空前的冠词the和设空后的of可知应用名词were考查动词时态和主谓一致由并列连词and连接宾语从句中的两个并列结构可知和wouldremind并列的应为谓语动词，故用be动词的过去式，又因knives为复数形式故用werewith考查介词由语境可知设空处意为“用，故填withadj.adv.大约Passage7（2016上海，A）BagsofLoveLastyearIwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother，shousesoIstayedwithherforamonth.DuringthattimeIhelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.AfterlessthanaweekIstartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly一wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.

1.（wonder）howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquicklyIbeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.TomysurpriseIfoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.EventuallyIdecidedtofollowherand

2.happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecampin

3.shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe

4.doWassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop

5.buythegroceriesifIfoundoutWhenshegothomeItoldheraboutmydiscovery.

6.shecouldreactIgaveherabighugandtoldhershedidntneedtokeepitasecret

7.me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryearsmymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby

8.selflessshewas.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文文章讲述了作者母亲为难民营里的孩子提供食物的故事，同时作者也意识到自己母亲的无私伟大Wondering考查非谓语动词主语I与wonder是逻辑上的主动关系，故填Wonderingowhat考查名词性从句主语从句中缺少主语且指物故用what引导which考查定语从句此处关系代词前有介词in故用whichhaddone考查动词的时态在这之前母亲没有告诉作者她这样做的原因，动作发生在“过去的过去，故用haddoneebuying考查非谓语动词stopdoingsth.“停止做某事，故用buyingBefore考查连词根据语境，母亲还未来得及做出反应，“我”就给了她一个拥抱，故用Beforeofrom考查介词keepsth.fromsb.为固定搭配意为“不将某事告诉某人，瞒着某人”how考查宾语从句selfless为形容词，用副词how来修饰Passage8（2016上海B）Stress:GoodorBadStressusedtobeanalmostunknownwordbutnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutitIhavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyearsstress

1.regardasacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblemsfromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthingsitisonlytoomuchstress

2.doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlifeyouwouldachievelittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostressthenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpointthemorestressyouareunderthe

3.goodyourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpointthoughfurtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustionillnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslopebyaskingyourself

4.numberofquestions.Doyouforinstancefeelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof

5.andyetfinditimpossibletosaynoDoyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor

6.annoywithpeopleoverunimportantthings...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyesyouhadbetter

7.controlyourstressasyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50pregnancy40movinghouse20Christmas12etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150youaretwiceaslikely

8.getill.答案［语篇解读］本文为说明文，讲述压力从不为人知演变为各种疾病的成因之一适当的压力对人们有利而当压力超过一定的限度就会对人体造成危害hasbeenregarded根据句中的时间状语“Inrecentyears可知，时态应为现在完成口寸，故填hasbeenregarded0that本句为强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that+其他成分，故填thatbetter本句采用“the+比较级.・.the+比较级.・・越就越”结构Aanumberof为固定搭配，意为“大量的”you考查人称代词你有没有觉得他人对你的期待太多？故答案为youannoyedor为并列连词，这里修饰人，故填annoyedocontrolhadbetterdosth.最好做某事togetbelikelytodosth.有可能做某事高级词块

1.getstressedabout..•对感到焦虑

2.awholerangeof一系列的Passage92016四川Thegiantpanda

1.lovebypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists

2.recenthadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery

3.caremother.For25dayssheneverleftherbabynoteventofindsomething

4.eat!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural

5.enemythatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.

6.itcriedsherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda

7.morethantwoyears.Bythattimethepandanolongerneeded

8.itmotherforfood.Howeveritstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Thenaftertwoandahalfyearsthemother

9.drivetheyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby

10.itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.答案［语篇解读］中国科学家有机会研究了一只野生大熊猫养育熊猫宝宝的过程小熊猫出生以后，熊猫妈妈片刻不离，悉心照顾孩子两年以后，小熊猫跟妈妈学习生存技巧两年半以后，小熊猫离开妈妈独立生活isloved考查动词的时态和语态大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢是事实，应该用一般现在时；panda和love之间是被动关系，故答案是islovedorecently考查副词此处需用时间副词caring/careful考查形容词mother是名词，需要用形容词来修饰，结合下文可知答案为caring/carefulotoeat考查非谓语动词此处应用动词不定式作后置定语enemies考查名词复数enemy为可数名词，天敌有多种，因此应用复数形式When/If考查连词此处引导状语从句根据句意可知，当熊猫宝宝哭的时候/如果熊猫宝宝哭熊猫妈妈会轻摇并轻拍它故用When/If注意在句首首字母应该大写for考查介词设空处后边的morethantwoyears是一段时间，故用介词forits考查代词设空处是指“它的，故用itsodrove考查时态此处指熊猫妈妈把小熊猫从身边赶走，此事已经发生故用一般过去时and考查连词这是它再要一个宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了空格前后为并列关系，故用andov.n.轻拍

3.driveaway驱赶Passage102015课标全国IYangshuoChinaItwasraininglightlywhenTIarriveinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn，tcare.Afewhours2TdbeenathomeinHongKongwith3itchokingsmog.Heretheairwascleanandfreshevenwiththerain.rdskippednearbyGuilinadreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5painting.InsteadIdheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilinit，sonlyanhouraway6carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo7bereal1ybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8conductbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.AbercrombieKentatravelcompanyinHongKongsaysit9regulararrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10liveinShanghaiandHongKong.答案arrived考查动词的时态由语境可知说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时before/earlier考查副词由句子的谓语动词是过去完成时可知，该动作发生在“过去之前，故填before或earlierits考查代词此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词smogthat/which考查定语从句先行词为thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which崛矗定语从句是高考语法的必考点主要考查关系代词和关系副词的选用试题难度不大关键是准确地找到先行词然后判断关系词在定语从句中的句法作用paintings考查名词的复数形式名词前有many修饰，故需用复数形式by考查介词by乘，坐交通工具等bycar坐小汽车is考查动词的时态和主谓一致此处叙述的是客观事实故用一般现在时主语是第三人称单数故填isconducted考查过去分词短语作定语主语astudy和动词conduct之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式regularly考查副词修饰动词arranges应用副词形式本文为说明文主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容是做梦文章主要阐述了人做梦的缘由ideas解题指导考查名词复数形式关注句意所透出的名词的数的形式解析句意:科学家不是完全确定，并且他们有不同的观点由diverse可知此处应该用所给词的复数形式，即ideasothat解题指导考查定语从句关注句意及句式结构解析句意当你睡觉时，你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知此处引导定语从句;再分析定语从句成分可知定语从句缺少主语再由前面的先行词everything为不定代词可知，此处只能填that知识拓展在定语从句中，如果先行词是指物的不定代词，如everything^something、anything、nothing、all、littlealittle等，且定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语的时候定语从句的关系代词只能用that不能用whichoconnects解题指导考查动词的时态和语态关注句式结构、整个语篇的时态及句子描述的情境解析句意当你的大脑连接事物时它就会把它们变成一个故事然后你就得到一个梦了结合整个语篇的时态基调是一般现在时态再分析此处是个状语从句主句的时态用的是一般现在时故从句的时态也应该用一般现在时，由主语为it且connect与主语为主动关系可知，此处应填connectSo难句分析原句Whenyousleepyourbrainsortsthrougheverythingthathappenedduringthedaytryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.分析本句中when引导的是时间状语从句主句是“yourbrainsortsthrougheverythingthathappenedduringthedaytryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories在主句里面有一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词everythingo译文当你睡觉时你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切，尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来

10.living考查现在分词短语作定语被修饰的名词与动词live之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式崛矗本题考查非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词是高考语法考查的重点本题同第8题一样考查分词作定语解题的关键是弄清动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系Passage112015课标全国HTheadobedwellings土坯房1buildbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Tnadditiontotheirsimplebeautywhatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3ableto“airconditionnahousewithout4useelectricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5slowduringcoolnightsthuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaksthewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6coolthehouseduringthehotday;7thesametimetheywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle89naturearchitectsthePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案［语篇解读］你见过不用空调就能自动调节温度的房子吗美国西南部的普韦布洛村落的印第安人就能修建这样的房子本文介绍了普韦布洛村落的印第安人的神奇土坯房以及其自动调温的过程和原理built考查非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的被动关系故用builtothe考查冠词该空后面是最高级标志词most表示“最……”，故用定冠词theability考查词性转换该空由their修饰根据句意及the/onesabilitytodo的固定搭配可知应填名词abilityousing考查非谓语动词作宾语该空前有介词without故用usingslowly考查词性转换该空修饰动词短语giveout故用副词形式tocool考查非谓语动词作状语“be+ad/+enough”后需用不定式作状语at考查介词根据固定搭配atthesametime同时可知答案goes考查动词的时态和主谓一致整篇文章均用一般现在时叙述且Thiscycle为第三人称单数，故用goesonatural考查词性转换该空修饰名词architects应用形容词naturalohow考查宾语从句的引导词此处说的是“普韦布洛村落的印第安人可以精确地计算出土坯房的墙需要有‘多厚，故填howPassage122015广东Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned1farmwhichlookedalmostabandoned.2luckyhealsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby3otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat41eave.Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupportinfact.Onedaythecowwaseatinggrass5itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunawayshe6falloverthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealiving7thecow.InordertosupporthisfamilyMr.Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrowhestartedcuttingdowntrees8sellthewood.Thinkingabouthischildrensclotheshestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearoundhewasalreadysellingherbsvegetablesandcottoninthemarket9peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto10thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文题材为人物故事类本文讲述了主人公Mr.Johnson的生活经历虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛却在之后的生活中收获了更多，可谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”l.a考查冠词本空后为单数名词farm且第一次提到，故填a冠词是高考语法考查的必考项之一，主要考查冠词表泛指或特指的基本用法以及冠词的习惯用法本题考查的就是不定冠词表泛指的基本用法Luckily考查词性转换本空修饰整个句子应用副词形式，故填Luckilyfor考查介词exchange...for...用交换wasleft考查动词的时态和语态谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系应用被动语态，又因为动作发生在过去应用一般过去时，故填wasleftowhen考查连词此句中when意为“这时”fell考查动词的时态此空前为主语she根据语境可知应用一般过去时，故填fellwithout考查介词根据上文可知Mr.Johnson失去了他的奶牛，且此空后为thecow故用介词withoutotosell考查非谓语动词根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的，故填tosellowhere考查定语从句先行词是表地点的名词market关系词在定语从句中作地点状语故填whereohim考查代词根据句型Itoccurredtosb.that...“某人想到”及上下文中的人称使用情况可知答案Passage13（2014课标全国I）AreyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofixIn1969thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearClevelandOhio.111beunimaginab1ethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit2actualcaughtfireandburned.Nowyearslaterthisriverisoneof3mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasn，tchangedinafewdays4evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork5reducetheindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finallythathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6cleanthanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit7isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon，tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituationdon，tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediatelyWhilethereare8amazestoriesofinstanttransformationformostofusthe9changearegradualandrequirealotofeffortandworklikecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe10patience.答案［语篇解读］本文以花费多年时间解决河流污染为例来告诫我们当我们面临貌似不可能改善的情况时一定要有耐心变化是循序渐进的是需要付出很多努力的was考查时态句意当时很难想象这条河流能够被清理干净上一句提到In1969所以此处要用一般过去时actually考查词性转换该空处修饰动词所以要用副词形式actually意为“事实上实际上”the考查冠词句意多年之后现在这条河流成了环境清理最杰出的例子之一此处是oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构or考查连词句意:但是这条河流不是在几天内改变的，甚至也不是在几个月内改变的or用于否定句中，意为“也不，也不是也没有”toreduce考查非谓语动词句意:减少工业污染和净化河水花费了多年的工作Ittakes/took...todosth.做某事花费，为固定句式，故填动词不定式toreduceo该句式中it是形式主语不定式短语才是真正的主语cleaner考查形容词的比较级句意最后，辛苦的工作得到了回报现在河水比以前干净多了根据句中比较级的标志词than可知，该空应用比较级，故填cleanerothat/which考查定语从句句意可能你有一种让你家人发疯的习惯根据句子结构可知该空应是定语从句的关系词，先行词是ahabit关系词在定语从句中作主语故填that或whichoamazing考查词性转换虽然有一些令人吃惊的快速改观的故事，但是对我们大部分人来说，变化是循序渐进的，并且也是需要很多努力和工作的设空处修饰表示“事物”的名词stories应该用形容词形式amazing令人吃惊的不能用amazed感到吃惊的changes考查名词定冠词the后面应该填名词，根据谓语动词are和require可知应是名词的复数形式故填changesopatient考查词性转换句意:要有耐心此处be动词后面应是形容词作表语，故填patient耐心的高级词块

①catchfire起火

②payoff达到目的，成功Passage142014课标全国HOnemorningIwaswaitingatthebusstopworriedabout1belateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop2someofthemlookedveryanxiousand3disappoint.Whenthebusfinallycameweallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext4thewindowsoIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike5catchmyattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriverbutherefused6stopunti1wereachedthenextstop.Stilltheboykept7ride.Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finallywhenwecametothenextstoptheboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked8anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop”Awomanonthebusshouted“Ohdear!Its9I.”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddoneandthecrowdofstrangers10suddenbecamefriendlytooneanother.答案［语篇解读］本文讲述了一位不知名的少年骑车追还失主手提箱的故事being介词后用动名词作宾语andand连接两个句子表示顺承关系disappointed表示人的内心活动应使用-ed形式的形容词，这里指他们看起来既焦虑又失望tonextto是固定短语，意为“挨着，靠近”caught全文在叙述一件往事应以一般过去时为主故这里应使用catch的过去式caughtotostop表示“拒绝做某事”时refuse后接不定式作宾语riding表示“继续（不间断地）做某事”时要用keepdoingsth.相当于continuedoingsth.oDid句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句「丢失”是发生在过去的动作，故应使用助动词didome/mine该句既可以用宾格me表示“是我（丢了手提箱）”，也可以用名词性物主代词mine表示“那是我的手提箱”suddenly副词修饰动词高级词块

①nboard在船上（或飞机上、火车上）

②nextto靠近

③pushone，sway推开人群通过Passage15（2014广东）LastyearmybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewentwehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycamewewereready.Afterourplanelandedwewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths23tellthatourroomshadn，tbeenreservedforthatweek4fortheweekafter.Ididn，tunderstand5thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged6sworsethehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodothemanagercameout.Shewas7surprisehelpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon8topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroomandweweren，tchargedextra.ThenextdaymybrotherandIwenttothebeach9wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle10sunburnbutthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn，tmind.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文，题材为个人经历讲述了作者的一次旅游经历虽然预订房间出现了差错，但问题得到了很好的解决，作者感到很满意it考查代词it指代Miamiearlier考查副词sixmonthsearlier六个月前weretold考查时态和语态因为叙述的是过去发生的事情且we与tell之间是被动关系所以本句使用般过去时的被动语态but考查连词not.・.but...不是而是此处表示句意的转折why/how考查宾语从句的连接词我不理解为什么会发生这样的事/我不理解这样的事是如何发生的for考查介词charge...for..•向收费surprisingly考查副词此处修饰形容词helpful所以应使用surprise的副词形式surprisinglyothe考查冠词thetopfloor顶层where考查定语从句因为先行词是地点名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语所以填whereosunburnt/sunburned考查过去分词getsunburnt/sunburned晒伤语篇解读本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与社会主题语境内容是人际关系、社会交往文章主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情on解题指导考查介词关注句意及句子描述的情境解析句意当他在一个寒冷的夜晚骑车回家时，他遇到一个独自一人在街道游荡、愁容满面的老妇人这里指在“一个寒冷的夜晚”，故前面应该用onwhere解题指导考查宾语从句关注句意及句式结构解析句意:老妇人无法向萨姆提供任何有关她住处的信息分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知此处引导宾语从句;再分析宾语从句成分并结合宾语从句意思可知，宾语从句缺少地点状语，故此处应填whereosafely解题指导考查副词关注句意及所给词后面的动词解析句意:萨姆陪同她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家由句意及所给词后面的动词可知此处应该用所给词的副词形式即safelyo知识拓展walksb.tosomeplace意为“陪伴/护送某人走到某处”，为固定用法这里的walk为及物动词，意为“陪伴……走，护送……走”难句分析原句Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecouldsafelywaitforthepolicetotakeherhome.分析这是一个主从复合句主句部分是Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestore后面是由“sothat”引导的目的状语从句译文:萨姆陪伴她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家语篇解读本文为说明文主题语境是人与自然主题语境内容是气候变化与自然灾害文章主要阐述了近二十年全球气候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生hasbeen解题指导考查动词的时态关注句中的关键性时间状语解析句意:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年，出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的由句中的关键性时间状语overthepast20years”可知，此处应该用现在完成时态caused解题指导考查动词的非谓语形式关注句意、句子结构及句中关键词解析分析整个句子可知尽管句子很长，但它只是个简单句，故该处不能填谓语动词，只能填动词的非谓语形式；由空后的关键词by并结合句意可知，此处应填过去分词caused表示被动resulting解题指导考查动词的非谓语形式关注句意和句子结构解析句意从2000年到2019年全球共有7348次严重的自然灾害，导致29700亿美元的经济损失分析整个句子可知，句子前面是therebe”句型后面用现在分词表示结果toinvest解题指导考查动词的非谓语形式关注句意和句子结构解析分析句子可知这里的need为名词，意为“需要、需求”，后面应该用动词不定式形式作后置定语，修饰needo难句分析原句Therehasbeenadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20yearscausedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperaturesaccordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.分析:这是一个简单句句子前面是utherebe”句型后面的过去分词短语“causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures”作后置定语，修饰前面的rise译文:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年，出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多，这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的Passage22020北京AOliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood

1.playabigroleinhislife.Mymumwasagreatcookandshe，dsometimesletmehaveatry”hesaid.ThefirstdishOliverpreparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismumshelp.Oliversaysifyoure

2.luckenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscookingaskthem

3.youcanjoininwhenitspossible.BSingle-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey

4.throwaway.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears

5.breakdown.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreaturessuchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtimethebagsfallapart

6.countlesstinypiecesandfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Nowlotsof

7.countryandregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.CApieceofstone

8.findonaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelativesknownasNeanderthalswereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals

9.livealongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyearsbeforedyingoutabout40000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumansbutitslongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere

10.smartthantheNeanderthals.HoweverthestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.答案A［语篇解读］本文为记叙文主题语境为人与自我本文讲述了美食电视节目的主持人奥利弗对美食的态度本文旨在使读者更加热爱生活plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying本题考查时态根据主句谓语动词says（一般现在时）及本句语境可知设空处需用现在的某种时态，可用一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时lucky本题考查形容词设空处作表语表示“幸运的”，故填形容词luckyoif/whether本题考查宾语从句设空处引导宾语从句，意为“是否”故填if或whetherB［语篇解读］本文为说明文主题语境为人与自然本文主要介绍了一次性塑料袋对生态环境的危害本文旨在提高读者的环保意识arethrown句意一次性塑料袋至多使用几次就被扔掉本题考查时态和语态设空处所在句子说的是现在的情况需用一般现在时；从句主语they与throw为被动关系，需用被动语态，故填arethrownotobreak句意它们需要几百年才能分解本题考查非谓语动词“Ittakes+sb./sth.十一段时间+todo”为固定句型，故填不定式tobreakointo/to句意随着时间的推移那些袋子会分解成无数的小碎片鱼会不小心吃掉其中的一些设空处前为动词短语，设空处后为名词复数，由此可判断设空处需用介词；设空处与fallapart连用，表示“分解成，故填into或tocountries句意:现在许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这样的袋子，以阻止人们使用它们设空处与后面的regions并列作主语，由此可判断设空处需用名词形式;根据设空处前的lotsof可知设空处需用名词复数形式故填countrieSo［语篇解读］本文为说明文主题语境为人与社会在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，已经灭绝的人类的近亲尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明found句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，已经灭绝的人类的近亲尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明本题考查非谓语动词被修饰词stone与find为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示的动作“已经完成”，故填过去分词foundlived/hadlived/hadbeenliving句意尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年直到大约4万年前灭绝设空处所在句子说的是过去的事情故设空处需用过去的某种时态，再根据本句的时间状语“fortensofthousandsofyears”可知设空处可用一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时smarter句意:他们比现代人类强壮得多，但长期以来人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人聪明根据设空处后的than可知设空处需用形容词比较级作表语故填smarteroPassage32019北京AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgradeIstoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I

1.voicemybiggestconcerntomymother^HowwillImakefriends”Shehandedmeadvice“Beyourself.Forthepast20yearsIhavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously

2.facechallengesIknowIwillwhisperto

3.Ithetwosimplewords”Beyourselfv.BEarthDay

4.markon22Aprilisanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated

5.1970theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions地区.Nomatterwhatyouliketodothereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious

6.activityonEarthDay.Youcanplantatreemakeamealwithlocallygrownvegetablesorsavepower一thepossibilitiesareendless.DoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatterResearchonthequestion

7.suggestthatformoststudentsitdoesn，t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan

8.theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

9.aretotallyengaged参与inacademiclifetakingfulladvantageofthecollege，schancesandresources资源.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattendanditsnevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand

10.meaningcollegeexperience.答案A［语篇解读］本文为记叙文主题语境是人与自我本文有助于提升学生自身素养，拥有正确处理问题的能力本文记述了作者从自己一年级的经历中学到:在面对困难时要做好自己voiced考查时态根据上文Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade可知此处是指发生在过去的事情故用一般过去时facing考查现在分词句意当紧张地面对挑战的时候我知道我将低声对自己说这两个简单的词“Beyourself现在分词facing作状语解释说明在什么情况下说“Beyourself”myself考查反身代词此处指低声对自己说，句子的主语和宾语指同一个人，故设空处应该填myselfoB［语篇解读］本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然本文旨在提升学生的环保意识文章介绍了地球日，并且倡议我们每个人尽一份力让我们的地球变得更好marked考查过去分词marked为过去分词，在句中作定语说明地球日被庆祝的时间in考查介词句意:地球日首次庆祝于1970年现在它包括在190多个国家和地区举办的活动具体在哪一年用介词inoactivities考查名词句意:无论你想做什么，在地球日这一天，都有一种参与各种活动的方式根据句中various可知设空处应用名词的复数形式C［语篇解读］本文为说明文主题语境是人与社会文章提到大学生在大学期间怎么做，做什么很重要积极参加大学的各种活动会让学生受益匪浅suggests/suggested/hassuggested考查时态句意对这个问题的研究表明，对大部分学生来说无所谓根据itdoesn，t可知是现在的情况故suggest用一般现在时或现在完成时，但该从句所表达的是客观事实故主句谓语动词用一般过去时也可以where考查名词性从句句意:学生们在大学里所做的事似乎要比他们上哪所大学重要得多设空处引导宾语从句，该从句缺少地点状语，故填wherewho/that考查定语从句句意从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活，同时充分利用大学机会和资源的人设空处引导定语从句，先行词是those指人关系词在从句中作主语指代学生故此处填关系代词who或thatomeaningful考查形容词为健康且有意义的大学经历做必要的准备越早越好collegeexperience是名词短语应该用形容词来修饰且设空处所填词和healthy并列，故设空处应用meaning的形容词形式meaningfulo高级词块

1.withbutterfliesinonesstomach心慌紧张

2.raisepublicawarenessabout...提高公众对的认识长难句Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclifetakingfulladvantageofthecollege，schancesandresources.从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活，同时充分利用大学机会和资源的人这是一个主从复合句主句是Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosethose是先行词whoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife是定语从句takingfulladvantageofthecollege，schancesandresources为现在分词短语作状语，补充说明学生所做的活动。