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课题复习时态
(二)现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时教学内容
一、知识点
1、现在完成时
一、定义现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果IdontwanttoseethefilmbecauseIhaveseenitbefore也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,或有可能有可能停止,或有可能继续延续下去HehaslearnedEnglishsince
2001.从2001年开始学的(,现在还在继续学着呢)
二、.现在完成时的结构现在完成时的构成形式have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)I/You/TheyAVehavetalked.He/Shehastalked.现在完成时的否定结构就是在助动词have或has后加上否定词not;I/You/TheyAVehaven9t(havenot)talked.He/Shehasnt(hasnot)talked.其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首,HaveI/You/They/Wetalked.Hashe/shetalked.肯定的简略回答是:Yes主语+have/回s.否定的简略回答是No主语+have/hasnot.如IhaveseenthefilmfHaveyouseenthefilmYesIhave./NoIhavent.
三、现在完成时的标志
1、for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志.for与since区别for+时间段since+时间点IhavelivedinChangchuntwoyears.Ihavebeenhere7oclock.IhavestudiedinthisschoolsinceIcametoChina用since和for填空twoyears
2.twoyearsago
3.lastmonth
4.
19992、already(肯定句)yet(否定疑问句)
20..orderoveraweekagothebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.
21.Newly—builtwoodencottageslinethestreetturntheoldtownintoadreamland
二、单项单句改错
1、WhenIwasachildIhopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.
2、Inthemorningsitwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytrees.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop..Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.Sorealfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftests..Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem..Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles..Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden..Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby..WhenIwasatcollegeIspokenthreeforeignlanguagesbutIhadforgottenallexceptafewwordsofeach..Theteachertoldthatthesunroseintheeast.willspeaktohimwhenIwillseehimnextSunday.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomeworkalready用在,位于“已经”Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyetyet用在和中,位于”仍然,已经”3sofar目前;迄今为止uptonow=tillnow=bynow至ll现在为止;直至ll现在lecently最近bytheendof・••到…末/结束bytheendofthisyeai到今年年末bytheendofthismonth至!J本月末inthelast/pastmonths在过去的几个月中inthepast/lastfewdays/years在过去的这几天
4、用于现在完成时的句型Itisthefirst/secondtimethat+现在完成时Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat+过去完成时这是我第一次欣赏月光3用“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…”句型如Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIboughtthebook.从买这本书起到现在已三年了
四、跟一段时间连用表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词例如
(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了错误Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确⑵你哥哥参军多长时间了?错误Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy正确延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换Theoldmandied4yearsago.——HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.——boughtthebook5daysago.——
五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响Isawthefilmyesterday.Ihaveseenthefilm一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如...agolastweek/...In2008inthepastJustnowthedaybeforeyesterdayyesterday...Then(那时)thatdayonedayonce(从前)现在完成时常和recently(近来),evernevertwicesofar(至U目前为止),sinceforinthepast/lastfewyearsalready(肯定句),yet(否定疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)连用
六、比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento…表示曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了“,可以和ever、never、twice等连用have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如sinceforhowlong等课堂练习
1.Uptonowtheprogramthousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassavednthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheword.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduce3Hisfirstnovelgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceivedtisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.areattendedD.haveattended
5.Thisisthefirsttimeweafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.
2、现在完成进行时
一、基本结构主语+have/has+beendoing
二、现在完成进行的基本用法.现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作很可能继续进行下去如IthasbeenrainingsincelastSunday.Hesbeenwatchingtelevisionallday..现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论如Sheisverytired.Shesbeentypinglettersallday.Hereyesarered.Shehasbeencrying.
三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作如Ihavereadthebook.Ihavebeenreadingthebook..现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩如Ihavewaitedfortwohours.陈述事实Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.等得好辛苦.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时如Fveonlyknownherfortwoday.我认识她刚刚两天Theyvebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间练习用动词正确形式填空YouknowIlookforajobforthreemonthsandthisismyfirstformalinterview.MysisterstayinBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecauseheplayinthemudallthemorning.Hereheis!Wewaitanxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.
3、过去完成时
一、基本概念总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情,它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作,简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情Ihad行nishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.
二、构成肯定句:主语+助动词had+过去分词+其他否定句hadnot...例如IsaidIhadntlearntLesson20yet.疑问句Had....例如HadyoueverseensuchanexcitingmatchbeforeYesIhad./NoIhadnt.
三、语法判定.由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语有1by+过去的时间点如Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastni[ht.2bytheendof+过去的时间点如WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheeedoflastterm.3before+过去的时间点如Before10:00yesterdayhehadfinishedhishomework..由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.
四、用法
1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态例如Mostoftheguesthadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.即客人在他到之前已经离开了Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.即吃饭在先,他们到达在后
1、过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态例如Hehadworkedinthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere.BythetimeIgotthereithadalreadyfinished.Annhadlivedinacottageforsixtyyearseversinceshewasborn.
3、叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时例如Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.
4、过去完成时常常用在⑹dsaidknewheardthought等动词后的宾语从句或间接引语中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前例如Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她
5、状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时如:whenbeforeafterassoonastill/until弓【导的例如.我醒来时雨已停了
6、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时例如IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书
五、其它句型
1.Itwasthefirsttimethat从句中从句用过去完成时Itwasthefirsttimethathehadseensobeautifulscenery
2、.Hardly/scarcely….when与nosoonerthan引导的时间状语从句中,从句是一般过去时时,主句就用过去完成时e.g Hehadhardlybeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了注hardly/scarcely/nosooner放在句首时,句子要使用部分倒装NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain
六、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响与现在有关过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它比较Ilearn1000Englishwordssofar.Ilearn1000Englishwordstillthen.
七、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点
1.时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去“;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间比较Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.练习.单项选择Heaskedmeduringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgoneWhatJanebythetimehewasseverA.diddoB.hasdoneCdiddid.D.haddone900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwastenA.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learntShelivedhereforyears.A.hadafewB.hasseveralC.hadalotofD.hasagreatdealofBythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterdayIthedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked
4、过去将来时
一、过去将来时的构成
1、would/should+动词原形was/weregoingto+动词原形
二、过去将来时的用法
1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中例如Hesaidthathewouldfinishhisworkbefore9oclocktomorrow.
2、表示过去的某种习惯,只要would例如Wheneverhehasbeenintroublewewouldgivehimahand每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手巩固练习LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come
2.——Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter—HetoldmethathetheDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
二、课堂练习
一、单句语法填空
1.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunawayshefalloverthehillanddied.nordertogetgoodmarksinthecomingexammysonstudylateeverynightinthepastthreeweeks.MrsWeldonweighonlyfiftykilogramsshelooksasifsheisveryweak.DespitethepreviousroundsoftalksbythetwosidesreachnoagreementsofarWhatTaiChidoesforthebodyattracttheattentionofwesternscientistsuntilnow.Sincethenthelittlecloudtravelallovertheworldenjoyingtheviewsofalltheforestsandbeautifulcountryside.Heeatsomethingathomewhenhereceivedastrangephonecallfromahospital..Mostofpeoplethinkthattheuseofcellphonesshouldbanwhiletheyaredrivingbecauseinthatcaseaccidentscaneasilyhappen.Eachyearapproximately110teachersandexpertsemployfrommorethantwentycountriestoteachatBFSU.1havealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopeattendmanymoreinthecomingyears.Inartcriticismyoumustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidewithinthework..Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams..Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindowsmakeairconditioningunnecessary..Imgoingtotakeadvantageofthistourexplorethehistoryofthecastle.
5.In193LAddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomanwintheNobelPeacePrize..NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestthatthetrendisgrowing..TheAthleticDepartmentislookingforstudentshelpassiststaffduringtheFall2016Winter2016—17andSpring2017semesters..StudentsinterestinworkingfortheAthleticDepartmentshouldcontacttheAthleticCoordinatorattheirrespectivecampuses.
19..makeiteasiertogetintouchwithusyoudbetterkeepthiscardathand.。
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