机器人 外刊时文阅读公开课

ArecentstudyinJapanhasrevealedthatawearablesoftrobotnamedReliebocanimprovetheexperienceofpatientsinmedicaltreatmentssuchasinjections（注射）andotherunpleasanttherapies.Thepurposeoftherobotistohelpeasepainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheUniversityofTsukubawasinspiredinpartbythenumerousneedlespeoplehadtoendurewhilebeingvaccinated（接种疫苗）againstCOVID-

19.Somepeoplefeltanintensedislikefortheseneedleswhichledtofewerpeoplegettingvaccinated.Therobotissoftandcoveredinfur.Itcontainssmallairbagsinternallythatinflate（膨胀）inresponsetohandmovement.Participantsinthestudywhoworetherobotwhilesubjectedtoamediumheatstimulationexperiencedlesspaininthetestthanthosewhodidnotweartherobot.Thetestprovedthatthepainandanxietybeingfeltcouldbereducedsharplybylesseningtheexperienceofpainthroughusingtherobot.Theresearchteamcheckedtheeffectivenessofthewearablerobotwhilebeinghandledbyparticipantsundercertainconditionsbasedontheclenchingofthehand.Theteamplacedpainfulheatstimulationontheotherarmthatwasnotholdingtherobot.Theythenmeasuredcortisollevelsfromtheparticipantssalivasamplessuggestinglevelsofstresshormones.Thepainfeltbythepatientswasgivenspecificratingsandwasalsorecordedusinganassessmentscale.Thepeopleinthestudyweregivenasurveytesttoassesstheirfearofinjectionsbeforeandaftertheexperimentwiththewearablerobotwascompleted.Thestudyprovedthatholdingtherobotcaneasetheexperienceofpatientswhowerereceivinginjections.Theresearchteamhopestousethisstudytoadvancetherobotforuseduringpainfulsituationssuchasgettingmedicalshotsorsimilarconditions.l.WhatisthefunctionoftherobotToassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.Tohelprelievepeoplespainfrominjections.Toevaluatepatients9physicalandmentalhealth.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lessening”inparagraph2probablymeanA.Detecting.B.Increasing.C.Recording.D.Decreasing.WhatisthethirdparagraphmainlyaboutMethodsoftestingtheeffectivenessoftherobot.Reasonsforconductingtheexperimentontherobot.Theadvantagesofthenewrobotinthemedicalfield.Theprocessofreducingpeoplesfearofinjections.WhatwillresearchersprobablydonextEvaluatetheriskoftherobot.Carryoutmoretestsontherobot.Promotetheapplicationoftherobot.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.词汇积累.therapy〃.心理治疗airbagn.安全气囊clench□（通常表示愤怒、决心或不安时）捏紧，攥紧（拳头等），咬紧（牙齿等）stimulationn刺激softrobot软体机器人inresponseto作为的答复cortisollevels皮质醇水平salivasamples唾液样本stresshormones应激激素；压力荷尔蒙anassessmentscale评估量表答案BDACAlthoughitisabusinessnotmanyareawareofsidewalkrobotsaresettobecomeanindustrywithannualsalesof$1billionwithinadecade.Thesefour-orsix-wheeledautonomousmachinesusuallythesizeofasuitcasearealreadydeliveringgroceriesinAmericaChinaandEuropewhichputsthemaheadofmanydriverlesscarsandlorriesbeingdeveloped.Thosebiggervehiclesareheldbacknotbytechnologybutregulation.Thismeanshavinga“safetydriver^^onboardreadytotakeoverifthereisaproblemwhichishardlylabour-saving.Fortheselargervehiclesregulatorswanttoseesafetysystemsthoroughlyproved.InJanuary2022BritainsLawCommissionwhichreviewslawmakingrecommendedthatitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriversseatwhofacesprosecution（诉讼）ifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashesbutthemanufacturerorthebodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.Howeversidewalkrobotsaregettingonwiththejob.ForexampleStarshipTechnologiesbasedinSanFranciscoestimatesithasalreadyclockedupmorethan

2.5milliondeliverieswithrobotsinanumberofcitiesuniversitiesandbusinessparksinEuropeandAmerica.Amazoniscarryingouttrialswithasimilarsortofmachine.KiwibotaColombianstartupismakingsidewalkdeliveriesinCalifornia.UdelvaCalifornianfirmisdevelopingalargertypecalledTransportertooperateathighwayspeeds.Sidewalkrobotscarryafewbagsofgroceriesusingavarietyofsensors（传感若津）includingcamerasradarandGPStonavigateandavoidobstaclesandpeople.Theirprogresscanbemonitoredonaphoneappwhichalsounlocksthemforgoodstoberemoved.Astheyaresmallmoveslowlyandaretelemonitored”（遥控）bypeopleinacontrolroomwhocantakeoverauthoritiesseemmorewillingtogivethemagreenlight.Suchrobotsarebecomingmoreautonomous.Beingmuchfurtheralongtheroadinearningtheirkeepthesedeliveryrobotsarehelpingtopavethewayforthetimewhenbiggerautonomousvehiclescanjointhem.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutProblemscausedbyautonomouscars.Suggestionsforproducingintelligentrobots.Challengesfacedbylargedriverlessvehicles.Theinnovativetechnologyofdeliveryvehicles.Whydoestheauthorgivesomeexamplesinparagraph3Toprovethesafetyofautonomousmachines.Topresentthedevelopmentofsidewalkrobots.Toencouragethepublictocreatemorerobots.Toshowtheadvantagesofself-drivingtechnology.WhatcanweknowaboutsidewalkrobotsTheyareenvironmentallyfriendly.Theycandistinguishtrafficlightsontheroad.Theymakedeliveriesfasterthanordinarytrucks.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletotrackthedeliveryprocess.WhichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfromSportsandmusic.Businessandculture.Scienceandtechnology.Natureandgeography.词汇积累

1.radar〃・雷达

2.navigateu.导航；确定（船、飞机、汽车等）的位置和方向

3.obstaclen.障碍

1.annualsales年销售额

2.holdback妨碍进展；抑制

3.takeover接替；接任；接管；接手

4.clockup达到（某一数量）

5.earnoneskeep挣口饭吃

6.pavethewayfor...为做好准备长难句InJanuary2022BritainsLawCommissionwhichreviewslawmakingrecommendedthatitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriversseatwhofacesprosecutionifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashesbutthemanufacturerorthebodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.分析句子主干为“BritainsLawCommissionrecommended“whichreviewslawmaking”为定语从句修饰先行词BritainsLawCommission^^；“thatitshouldnotbe...approvalforitsuse”为recommended”的宾语从句，其中，“whofacesprosecution”为定语从句，修饰先行词theperson；“ifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes为条件状语从句；“thatsoughtapprovalforitsuse”为定语从句修饰先行词themanufacturerorthebody”译文2022年1月，负责审查立法的英国法律委员会提议，如果自动驾驶车辆发生事故，面临起诉的不应是驾驶座上的人，而应该是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构答案CBDCTheresanewAIbot:ChatGPTandyoudbetterpayattentionevenifyouarentintoartificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylargepowerfulAIsystemcanachieve.ChatGPTremembersthethreadofyourdialogueusingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned（amethodoftransferlearning）usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning（监督和强化学习）.YoucanaskChatGPTanythinglikeexplainingphysicsaskingforbirthdaypartyideasandgettingprogramming（编程）help.Perhapsitsnotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyetbutitcanbecreativeanditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative.Afewdaysafteritslaunchmorethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuaryaccomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver（月艮务器）itoverloadsandcantprocessyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccessthereisanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.l2023OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplanChatGPTPluswhichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescomeatacostof$20/month.HoweverChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencebotthatprovidessolutionstoyourquestionsbutGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.

1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutChatGPTItslanguagemodel.Itsworkingtheory.Itsdesigninspiration.Itsdevelopmentprocess.

2.Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.Topresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedforGuidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.Offeringconsumerspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogleItoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.Ittakesmoretimetosearchforsolutions.Itcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtime.Itmayproviderepliesunrelatedtothequestions.生词fine-tunev.调整，使有规则语块artificialintelligence人工智能hugevolumesof大量的searchengine搜索引擎知识拓展OpenAIOpenAI是美国一家人工智能研究公司其成立于2015年12月，和谷歌、苹果、IBM等知名公司创办的其它项目共同探索先进计算机技术，解决面部识别或语言翻译等问题OpenAI的核心宗旨在于确保通用人工智能ArtificialIntelligenceAGI即一种高度自主且在多数具有经济价值的工作上超越人类的系统，为全人类带来福祉答案BADATopersistlifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermontTuftsUniversityandtheWyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredanentirelynewformofbiologicalreproductionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatethefirst-everself-replicating（自我复制的）livingrobots.NamedXenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcellsthemachinesarelessthan

0.04incheswide-smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswimsurviveforweekswithoutfoodandworktogetheringroups.Theyevenhaveregenerativecapabilities;whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobotithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedtowardahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradio-activewasteandcollectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshadholesintheircenterwhichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines.Traditionalrobotsdegrade（降解）overtimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffectsJresearcherssaidinthestudywhichwaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.AsbiologicalmachinesXenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.AsidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasksXenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiology-openingthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcerntheresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyedastheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts/*Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticity（可塑性）andabilityofcellstosolveproblemsnsaidJoshuaBongardoneoftheleadresearchersattheUniversityofVermont.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“regenerative”underlinedinparagraph2Fightingdisease.Replacingoldcells.Self-cleaningregularlyRecoveringandgrowingagain.WhatcanwelearnaboutXenobotsfromparagraph3Theycanbewidelyappliedtocuringdiseases.Theycanservewelltheresearchonhumanhealth.Theyarespeciallydesignedtocollectradioactivewaste.Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentbydegradingplastics.WhatisBongard!sattitudetowardstheself-replicatingbiotechnologyA.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Indifferent.D.Ambiguous.WhatdoesthetextmainlytalkaboutTheinventionofthefirstself-reproductionrobots.Anapplicationofamachineinmedicine.Thetrendofdevelopingbiotechnology.AnexperimentonAfricanclawedfrogs.词汇积累.persistv.维持，继续存在.longevityn.长寿sparkv.引发biodegradableadj.可生物降解的语块stemcells干细胞sliceinto切成ahostof许多radioactivewaste放射性废弃物asidefrom除以外长难句Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcerntheresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyedastheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts.分析:“Whiletheprospect・・・couldsparkconcern”为让步）厌语从句；nthatthelivingmachines...andregulatedbyexperts”为宾语从句，其中，astheyare...byexperts为原因状语从句译文虽然自我复制生物技术的前景可能会引发人们担忧，但研究人员表示，这些活体机器完全被控制在实验室中，很容易被摧毁，因为它们是可生物降解的，并且由专家进行监管知识拓展cellbiology细胞生物学，是研究和揭示细胞基本生命活动规律的科学，它从显微、亚显微与分子水平上研究细胞结构与功能，例如细胞增殖、分化、代谢、运动、衰老、死亡，以及细胞信号转导，细胞基因表达与调控，细胞起源与进化等重大生命过程答案DBBA。