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高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:棋下得不好，怪空气？Chessexpertsmakemoremistakeswhenairpollutionishighastudyhasfound.Expertsusedcomputermodelstoanalysethequalityofgamesplayedandfoundthatwithamodestincreaseinfineparticulatemattertheprobabilitythatchessplayerswouldmakeanerrorincreasedby
2.1percentagepointsandthemagnitudeofthoseerrorsincreasedby
10.8%.ThepaperpublishedinthejournalManagementSciencestudiedtheperformanceof121chessplayersinthreeseven-roundtournamentsinGermanyin20172018and2019comprisingmorethan30000chessmoves.TheresearcherscomparedtheactualmovestheplayersmadeagainsttheoptimalmovesdeterminedbythepowerfulchessengineStockfish.Inthetournamentvenuestheresearchersattachedthreeweb-connectedairqualitysensorstomeasurecarbondioxidePM
2.5concentrationsandtemperature.Eachtournamentlastedeightweeksmeaningplayersfacedavarietyofairconditions.FineparticulatematterorPM
2.5referstotinyparticles
2.5micronsorlessindiameterwhichareoftenexpelledbyburningmattersuchasthatfromcarenginescoalplantsforestfiresandwoodburners..accountfor对…负有责任;对…做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；（比例）占.cottononto发生好感写作句总结原句〃CognitionisobviouslyincrediblyimportantinchessandalreadysomeofthetopplayerslikeMagnusCarlsenandAnishGirihavecottonedontohowimportantairqualityis.结构sthisobviouslyincrediblyimportantindoingsthandalreadysomepeoplehavecottonedontoXX.例句Savingenergyisobviouslyincrediblyimportantinfightingclimatechangeandalreadysomepeoplehavecottonedontotheimportanceofswitchingtoenergyefficientlightbulbs.全文对照翻译Chessexpertsmakemoremistakeswhenairpollutionishighastudyhasfound.Expertsusedcomputermodelstoanalysethequalityofgamesplayedandfoundthatwithamodestincreaseinfineparticulatematter;theprobabilitythatchessplayerswouldmakeanerrorincreasedby
2.1percentagepointsandthemagnitudeofthoseerrorsincreasedby
10.8%.一项研究发现，当空气污染度高时，象棋专家更容易失误专家们利用计算机模型分析了棋手下棋的质量，发现随着细颗粒物在一定程度上的增加，棋手失误的概率增加了
2.1个百分点，失误的程度增加了
10.8%oThepaper;publishedinthejournalManagementSciencestudiedtheperformanceof121chessplayersinthreeseven-roundtournamentsinGermanyin20172018and2019comprisingmorethan30000chessmoves.TheresearcherscomparedtheactualmovestheplayersmadeagainsttheoptimalmovesdeterminedbythepowerfulchessengineStockfish.这篇发表在《管理科学》杂志上的论文研究了121名棋手在2017年、2018年和2019年在德国举办的三场七轮锦标赛中的表现，共包含3万多步棋研究人员对比了棋手当时的走法和强大的国际象棋引擎〃鱼干〃确定的最佳走法Inthetournamentvenuestheresearchersattachedthreeweb-connectedairqualitysensorstomeasurecarbondioxidePM
2.5concentrationsandtemperature.Eachtournamentlastedeightweeksmeaningplayersfacedavarietyofairconditions.Fineparticulatematter;orPM
2.5referstotinyparticles
2.5micronsorlessindiameterwhichareoftenexpelledbyburningmattersuchasthatfromcarenginescoalplantsforestfiresandwoodburners.在锦标赛场馆内，研究人员安装了三个联网的空气质量传感器来检测二氧化碳、PM
2.5浓度和温度每场比赛都持续8周的时间，意味着棋手们面临着各种各样的空气条件细颗粒物，也即PM
2.5指的是直径小于或等于
2.5微米的微小颗粒，通常由汽车发动机、煤炭厂、森林火灾和木柴炉等燃烧物排出Researcherslookedathistoricaldatatoseeiftheirfindingswerereplicatedusingdatafrom20yearsofgamesfromthefirstdivisionoftheGermanchessleague.Afteraccountingforothercausessuchasnoisetemperaturechangesandcarbondioxideconcentrationstheyfoundairpollutionaccountedfordipsinplayerperformance.研究人员回溯了历史数据，来看看是否能得到同样的发现，他们使用的数据来自于德国国际象棋联赛第一赛区共计20年的比赛在考虑了噪音、温度变化和二氧化碳浓度等其他因素后，他们发现空气污染造成棋手表现下滑的原因Itspurerandomexposuretoairpollutionthatisdrivingthesepeople7sperformanceHPalaciossaid./zAgainstcomparableopponentsinthesametournamentroundbeingexposedtodifferentlevelsofairqualitymakesadifferenceformovequalityanddecisionquality/7Chess.comsLeonWatsonsaidthatprofessionalplayerswerealreadymonitoringairqualitywhiletheyplayed:CognitionisobviouslyincrediblyimportantinchessandalreadysomeofthetopplayerslikeMagnusCarlsenandAnishGirihavecottonedontohowimportantairqualityis.帕拉西奥斯说〃纯粹是随机地暴露在空气污染下，影响了这些人的表现在同一场比赛中与同级别的对手比赛，暴露在不同水平的空气质量下会产生差异国际象棋网站的里昂•沃森说，职业棋手在下棋时已经开始监测空气质量了〃认知能力在象棋中显然非常重要像马格努斯•卡尔森和阿尼什・吉里这样的顶级棋手已经意识到了空气质量的重要性〃Researcherslookedathistoricaldatatoseeiftheirfindingswerereplicatedusingdatafrom20yearsofgamesfromthefirstdivisionoftheGermanchessleague.Afteraccountingforothercausessuchasnoisetemperaturechangesandcarbondioxideconcentrationstheyfoundairpollutionaccountedfordipsinplayerperformance.spurerandomexposuretoairpollutionthatisdrivingthesepeople7sperformance/Palaciossaid./zAgainstcomparableopponentsinthesametournamentroundbeingexposedtodifferentlevelsofairqualitymakesadifferenceformovequalityanddecisionquality/1Chess.com7sLeonWatsonsaidthatprofessionalplayerswerealreadymonitoringairqualitywhiletheyplayed:/zCognitionisobviouslyincrediblyimportantinchessandalreadysomeofthetopplayerslikeMagnusCarlsenandAnishGirihavecottonedontohowimportantairqualityis.本文节选自TheGuardian（卫报）发布时间
2023.
02.02作者HelenaHorton原文标题Airpollutioncauseschessplayerstomakemoremistakesstudyfinds阅读理解:Accordingtothearticlewhatisthemainreasonforthedifferenceinchessplayers1performanceintournamentsThelevelofairqualitytheyareexposedtoTheirphysicalfitnessandenduranceTheirpsychologicalstateandmentalpreparationThequalityoftheirtrainingandpracticeAnswer:A解析在段落中，〃被暴露在不同水平的空气质量中对于移动和决策的质量有影响〃这句话表明是暴露在空气污染中使得竞技者表现出不同的表现，因此答案为AoAccordingtoLeonWatsonwhatisthereasonforsometopchessplayerstomonitorairqualitywhiletheyplayTheywanttoimprovetheirphysicalfitnessandenduranceBTheybelievethatairqualityaffectstheircognitionandperformanceTheyhopetoreducetheriskofrespiratorydiseasesTheywanttosetanexampleforotherchessplayerstofollowAnswer:B解析在段落中JeonWatson说〃认知在国际象棋中显然非常重要，已经有一些顶级选手像MagnusCarlsen和AnishGiri一样意识到空气质量有多重要”这表明棋手确信空气质量会影响他们的认知和表现，因此答案为BWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthearticleTheLinkBetweenAirPollutionandChessPerformanceHowChessPlayersCanImproveTheirPerformanceTheBenefitsofMonitoringAirQualityinTournamentsHowAirPollutionAffectsCompetitiveSportAnswer:A解析文章主要讲述了空气污染与棋手表现之间的联系，因此A选项是最好的题目Whatisthewritersopinionabouttheimportanceofairqualityforchessplayers1performanceThewriterthinksairqualityisnotimportantforchessplayers1performance.Thewriterbelievesthatairqualityisonlyoneofseveralfactorsaffectingchessplayers1performance.Thewritersuggeststhatairqualityisacrucialfactoraffectingchessplayers1performance.Thewriterthinksthereisnotenoughevidencetoprovethatairqualityaffectschessplayersperformance.Answer:C解析在段落中，作者写道’对于此类人群来说，纯粹随机的暴露在空气污染中使他们的表现下降，‘Palacios说’在同一轮比赛中，面对相同的对手，不同水平的空气质量会对棋手的移动和决策质量有影响’〃，这表明文章作者认为空气质量是影响棋手表现的关键因素，因此答案为CWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTsupportedbyevidencefromthearticleChessplayersperformancecanbeaffectedbyairquality.Professionalplayersareawareoftheimportanceofairqualityinchesstournaments.Thecognitiveskillsofchessplayersaremoreimportantthantheirphysicalfitness.Airqualityistheonlyfactoraffectingchessplayersperformance.Answer:D解析段落中提到了空气质量是影响棋手表现的主要因素之一，并提到了显然认知在棋类运动中是非常重要的，没有提到空气质量是唯一的影响因素，因此答案为DoAccordingtothearticlewhohasalreadyrealizedtheimportanceofairqualityinchesstournamentsTheorganizersofchesstournamentsChessexpertsandcommentatorsProfessionalchessplayersAmateurchessplayersandfansAnswer:C解析在段落中，提到了MagnusCarlsen和AnishGiri等一些顶级选手认识到空气质量的重要性，因此答案为CeWhatcanbeinferredfromthearticleabouttheimpactofairpollutionondecision-makingAirpollutioncanimprovedecision-makinginchess.Airpollutionhasnoeffectondecision-makinginchess.Airpollutioncanimpairdecision-makinginchess.Airpollutioncanenhancedecision-makinginchess.Answer:C解析在段落中，〃被暴露在不同水平的空气质量中对于移动和决策的质量有影响〃，这表明空气污染会影响决策的质量，因此答案为CWhatisthepurposeofthequoteinthearticlefromChess.comsLeonWatsonToshowthatairqualityisnotanimportantfactorinchesstournaments.Toprovideevidencethatairqualityaffectsthecognitiveskillsofchessplayers.Toexplainhowchessplayerscanimprovetheirphysicalfitnessandendurance.Tosuggestthatthereisaneedformoreresearchintotheimpactofairqualityonchess.Answer:B解析在段落中，引用了LeonWatson的话，认知在国际象棋中显然非常重要，已经有一些顶级选手像MagnusCarlsen和AnishGiri一样意识到空气质量有多重要，这使得我们理解导言，即空气质量如何会影响棋手的认知和表现，因此答案为BWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialoutcomeofairpollutiononhumanhealthRespiratorydiseasesNeurologicalproblemsCancerIncreasedphysicalfitnessAnswer:D解析文章提到了三种潜在的结果呼吸道疾病、神经系统问题、癌症，但没有提到提高身体素质这一点，因此答案为DWhatisthetoneofthearticleObjectiveandinformativeEmotionalandpersuasiveCriticalandskepticalSarcasticandhumorousAnswer:A解析文章主要是客观地介绍了棋手的认知和表现与空气质量之间的关系，因此答案为A词汇总结airpollution-空气，亏染fineparticulatematter-细颗粒物probability-概率chessplayers-棋手errors-错误computermodels-计算机模型qualityofgames-比赛质量chessengine-国际象棋引擎ManagementScience-《管理科学》tournaments-比赛Germany-德国moves-棋步airqualitysensors-空气质量传感器carbondioxide-二氧化碳temperature-温度PM
2.5concentrations-细颗粒物浓度historicdata-历史数据firstdivision-甲级playerperformance-棋手表现noise-噪音temperaturechanges-温度变化carbondioxideconcentrations-二氧化碳浓度dips-下降movequality-棋步质量decisionquality-决策质量chess.com-国际象棋网站cognition-认知MagnusCarlsen-马格努斯•卡尔森AnishGiri-阿尼什•吉里burningmatter-燃烧物carengines-汽车弓I擎coalplants-煤电站forestfires-森林火灾woodburners-木材燃烧器performance-表现actualmoves-实际棋步optimalmoves-最佳棋步powerful-强大的replicate-复制levels-水平comparativeopponents-相当的对手exposure-暴露historical-历史的accountedfor-解释professionalplayers-职业选手monitoring-监测incrediblyimportant-极其重要random-随机的magnitude-大/」\web-connected-网络连接的新词积累词汇积累l.magnitude英/imaegnrtjud/美/maegnitu:cl/n.巨大，重要性；震级；规模，大小；数量，数值；（恒星的）亮度
2.optimal英/Optimal/美/Ia:ptim8l/adj.最佳的，最适的
3.replicate英/Yeplikeit/美/replikeit/v.重复，复制；（遗传物质或生物）自我繁殖，自我复制；复证（实验或试验以得出一致的结果）adj复制的；（实验或试验）复现的n.复制品；（乐）高（或低）八度反复音词组搭配l.makeanerror出差错；犯错误；出错。
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