阅读理解：噪音污染不但影响人，也影响动物的生存 高考英语外刊阅读训练

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:噪音污染不但影响人，也影响动物的生存本文节选自TheGuardian（卫报）发布时间:

2023.

01.3作者:KarenBakker原文标题Noisepollutionisamenacetohumanity-andadeadlythreattoanimalsNoisepollutionisoneofthegravestyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Evenmoderatelevelsofnoise一thekindthatsurroundsusinanyurbanenvironment一increaserisksofcardiovasculardiseasecognitiveimpairmentdevelopmentaldelaysanddementia.Nowscientistsarerevealingthatnon-humanstoosufferfromnoisepollution-andthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.Perhapsnowhereisthismoreurgentthanintheglobaloceans.Marineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsoundwhichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlight.Whales-whichusesoundtofindpreyandnavigatecommunicateandmate-areonewell-knownexample.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareexquisitelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisstaggering:delayeddevelopmenthamperedreproductionstuntedgrowthdistortedmigrationpaths.Perhapsnowhereisthismoreurgentthanintheglobaloceans.MarineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsoundwhichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlightWhales-whichusesoundtofindpreyandnavigatecommunicateandmate-areonewell-knownexample.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareexquisitelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisstaggering:delayeddevelopmenthamperedreproductionstuntedgrowthdistortedmigrationpaths.恐怕没有任何地方会比全球海洋情况更紧迫了海洋动物是通过声音来观察和感知世界的，声音在水下比光传播得更远鲸鱼一它们利用声音来寻找猎物、导航、交流和交配——就是一个众所周知的例子但科学家们现在发现，很多海洋生物对声音都格外敏感海洋噪音污染造成的负面影响范围之广令人震惊发育迟缓、繁殖受阻、生长迟缓、迁徙路径偏离Extremenoisecankilloutright.Asingleshotfromaseismicsurveyair-guncankillzooplankton-thefoundationofthemarinefoodchain-uptoamileawayfromthedetonationsite.Motorboatenginenoisehasbeenfoundtoaffectfishembryos.Asonestudygrimlynoted:humannoisemayevenbescramblingtheeggsofbabyfish.极端噪音甚至能直接致死地震勘测用的气枪一枪就能杀死离开枪地点一英里外的浮游动物，这是海洋食物链的基础人们已经发现摩托艇发动机的噪音会影响鱼的胚胎一项研究严肃地指出人类产生的噪音甚至可能会扰乱小鱼的卵Moreremarkablestillevenaquaticplantsarehighlysensitivetosound.Takeforexamplemarineseagrass.Justliketerrestrialforestsseagrassisacarbonsinkcontributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.Coastswereonceabundantwithseagrassmeadowswhichprovidefoodandshelterforsealifeprotectagainsterosionenablenutrientcyclingstabilizetheseafloorandfilterpollutants.IntheislandsofthePacificseagrassmeadowsarebothlarderandpharmacyhuntinggroundandhealingspace.更值得注意的是，即使是水生植物也对声音高度敏感以海洋海草为例就像陆地森林一样，海草具有碳汇作用，有助于稳定全球气候海岸曾经充满了海草草甸，它们为海洋生物提供食物和庇护所，在防止侵蚀方面发挥作用，促进养分循环，稳定海底并过滤污染物在太平洋的岛屿上，海草草甸既是食品储藏室和药房，有时也是猎场和康复空间WhywouldplantswithoutanyapparentmeansofhearingbesensitivetosoundMarineplantshaveorganellescalledamyloplastswhichhelpplantssensesoundvibrationsandalsostorefoodorientthemselvestogravityandthusrootthemselvesintheoceanfloor.Thesetinyorganellesareanalogoustoorganellesfoundinoctopusesandshrimpcalledstatocystswhichcansenseeventinysoundvibrationsinwater.为什么没有明显听觉的植物会对声音敏感呢？海洋植物有一种叫做淀粉质体的细胞器，它可以帮助植物感知声音振动，还可以储存食物，借助重力让自己在海底扎根这些微小的细胞器类似于章鱼和虾体内发现的一种名为平衡囊的细胞器，可以感知水中甚至微小的声音振动ExtremenoisecankilloutrightAsingleshotfromaseismicsurveyair-guncankillzooplankton-thefoundationofthemarinefoodchain-uptoamileawayfromthedetonationsite.Motorboatenginenoisehasbeenfoundtoaffectfishembryos.Asonestudygrimlynoted:humannoisemayevenbescramblingtheeggsofbabyfish.Moreremarkablestillevenaquaticplantsarehighlysensitivetosound.Takeforexamplemarineseagrass.Justliketerrestrialforestsseagrassisacarbonsinkcontributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.Coastswereonceabundantwithseagrassmeadowswhichprovidefoodandshelterforsealifeprotectagainsterosionenablenutrientcyclingstabilizetheseafloorandfilterpollutants.IntheislandsofthePacificseagrassmeadowsarebothlarderandpharmacyhuntinggroundandhealingspace.WhywouldplantswithoutanyapparentmeansofhearingbesensitivetosoundMarineplantshaveorganellescalledamyloplastswhichhelpplantssensesoundvibrationsandalsostorefoodorientthemselvestogravityandthusrootthemselvesintheoceanfloor.Thesetinyorganellesareanalogoustoorganellesfoundinoctopusesandshrimpcalledstatocystswhichcansenseeventinysoundvibrationsinwater.阅读理解WhatisthemainideaofthearticleHumannoisepollutionaffectsmarinelife.Marineanimalsusesoundtonavigateandcommunicate.Seagrassmeadowsareimportantfortheoceanenvironment.Thedangersofnoisepollutionarenotrecognizedbyhumans.答案A解析文章大意为人类噪音污染对海洋生物造成了负面影响AccordingtothearticlewhatarethedangersofmoderatelevelsofnoisepollutionDelayeddevelopmentCardiovasculardiseaseCognitiveimpairmentAlloftheabove答案D解析文章中提到适度水平的噪音污染会增加心血管疾病、认知受损、发展延迟和痴呆等风险HowdomarineanimalsseeandsensetheworldaroundthemThroughsoundThroughlightThroughtouchThroughsmell答案A解析文章中提到海洋动物通过声音感知世界WhatistheimportanceofseagrassmeadowsTheyprovideahabitatforsealifeTheyprotectagainsterosionTheycontributetostabilizingtheglobalclimateAlloftheabove答案D解析文章中提到海草草丛提供海洋生命的食物和庇护所，保护岸线免受侵蚀，有助于稳定全球气候WhatisthefunctionofamyloplastsinmarineplantsTostorefoodToorienttogravityTosensesoundvibrationsAlloftheabove答案D解析文章中提到海洋植物的淀粉体帮助植物感应声音振动，存储食物并根植于海洋底部WhyaremarineanimalsexquisitelysensitivetosoundTheyusesoundtonavigateandcommunicateSoundtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlightMarineplantshaveorganellesthathelpsensesoundvibrationsAlloftheabove答案D解析文章中提到海洋动物的感觉器官高度敏感，声音能在水下传播得比光远，海洋植物的淀粉体可以帮助植物感知声音震动WhatistheeffectofmotorboatenginenoiseonfishembryosDelayeddevelopmentHamperedreproductionStuntedgrowthAlloftheabove答案D解析文章中指出引擎噪音会影响鱼类胚胎的发育，造成生长受限，延迟发育和迟滞的繁殖等问题WhatisthesignificanceofzooplanktoninthemarinefoodchainTheyarethefoundationofthemarinefoodchainTheyprovidefoodformarineanimalsTheyhelpfilterpollutantsAlloftheabove答案A解析文章中指出浮游动物是海洋食物链的基础WhatistheroleofstatocystsinmarineanimalsTosensesoundvibrationsTonavigateandcommunicateTostorefoodToorienttogravity答案D解析文章中提到章鱼和虾等生物的感觉器官中的囊泡帮助它们感知水中微小的声音振动和重力方向HowdoesnoisepollutionaffectmarineplantssuchasseagrassIthasnoeffectonmarineplantsItcausesdelayeddevelopmentItaffectsnutrientcyclingItcontributestopollution答案B解析文章中提到噪音污染对海草等海洋植物有影响，造成延迟的发展等问题词汇总结Noisepollution噪声污染Cardiovasculardisease心血管疾病Cognitiveimpairment认知能力减退Developmentaldelays发育迟缓Dementia痴呆Non-humans非人类生物Sensitivity敏感性Globaloceans全球海洋Marineanimals海洋动物Sound声音Underwater水下Whales鲸鱼Prey猎物Navigate导航Communicate交流Mate交配Negativeeffects不良影响Delayeddevelopment发育滞后Hamperedreproduction生殖受阻Stuntedgrowth生长受阻Distortedmigrationpaths迁徙路线扭曲Seismicsurveyair-gun地震勘探气枪Zooplankton浮游动物Marinefoodchain海洋食物链Motorboatenginenoise摩托艇发动机噪音Fishembryos鱼胚Scramblingtheeggs鱼卵混乱Aquaticplants水生植物Marineseagrass海草Carbonsink碳汇Globalclimate全球气候Seagrassmeadows海草草地Foodandshelterforsealife海洋生物的食物和住所Protectagainsterosion防止侵蚀Nutrientcycling营养循环Stabilizetheseafloor稳定海底Filterpollutants过滤污染物Pacificislands太平洋岛屿Larder储藏室Pharmacy药房Huntingground狩猎场Healingspace；台疗空间Organelles组日胞器Amyloplasts淀粉质体Sensesoundvibrations感受声音震动Gravity重力Rootthemselves扎木艮Octopuses章鱼Shrimp虾Statocysts重感器新词积累lxardiovascular英/ikocdiat〔vaes8ala（r）/美/|ka:rdioovaeskjalsr/adj.心血管的；心脏强化运动的

2.impairment英/imipeamant/美/impermsnt/n.（身体或智力方面的）损伤，缺陷，障碍

3.dementia英/dPmen必/美/d『men而/n.痴呆，精神错乱4eStunt英/stAnt/美/stAnt/n.（尤指电影中的）特技表演；噱头，作秀；逞英雄，做愚蠢（有点危险）的事v.阻碍……的成长（发育），妨碍发展；表演绝技

5.seismic英/〔saizmik/美/saizmik/adj.地震的，地震引起的；影响深远的，重大的

6.aquatic英/dJmenJb/美/d『menjb/n.痴呆精神错乱.amyloplast英/laemibuplaest/美/leimibplaest/n.造粉体；淀粉形成体.organelles英/|°gainel/美/pirgsnel/M细胞］细胞器；细胞器官词组搭配.avastrangeof多种多样的；大范围的.protectagainst使免受写作句总结原句Perhapsnowhereisthismoreurgentthanintheglobaloceans.结构PerhapsnowhereisthismoreurgentthanintheXX.例句:Perhapsnowhereisthismoreurgentthaninthefieldofartificialintelligencewherethepotentialforbothgoodandbadisimmense.全文对照翻译Noisepollutionisoneofthegravestyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Evenmoderatelevelsofnoise一thekindthatsurroundsusinanyurbanenvironment-increaserisksofcardiovasculardiseasecognitiveimpairmentdevelopmentaldelaysanddementia.Nowscientistsarerevealingthatnon-humanstoosufferfromnoisepollution一andthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.噪音污染是我们这个时代最为严重，但却也是最不为人所知的健康威胁之一即使是中等水平的噪音——城市环境中我们周围的那种噪音——也会增加心血管疾病、认知障碍、发育迟缓和痴呆症的风险现在，科学家们发现，人类以外的生物也在受到噪音污染的影响，而且它们比人类要敏感得多。