高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练学案：氢能真的清洁吗？

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:氢能真的清洁吗？本文节选自TheGuardian卫报发布时间

2023.

03.07作者NinaLakhani原文标题IshydrogenreallyacleanenoughfueltotackletheclimatecrisisHydrogenisthesmallestlightestandmostabundantmoleculeintheuniverse.OnEarthitdoesnotoccurbyitselfnaturallybutcanbeseparatedfromwaterH2Oorhydrocarboncompoundsfossilfuelslikegascoalandpetroleumtobeusedasanenergysource.ItzsalreadyusedforrocketfuelbutitisnowbeingpushedasacleanandsafealternativetooilandgasforheatingandearthlymodesoftransportPoliticalsupportismountingwithalmost$26bnofUStaxpayermoneyavailableforhydrogenprojectsthankstothreerecentlaws-theInflationReductionActtheBipartisanInfrastructureActandtheChipsAct.HydrogenispoliticallyhotbutisittheclimatesolutionthatitscheerleadersareclaimingWhatsatstakeInadditionto$26bnindirectfinancingforso-calledhydrogenhubsanddemoprojectsanother$100bnorsoinuncappedtaxcreditscouldbepaidoutoverthenextfewdecadessolotsandlotsoftaxpayers7money.Fossilfuelcompaniesarealsousinghydrogentojustifybuildingmorepipelinesclaimingthatthisinfrastructurecanforrocketfuelbutitisnowbeingpushedasacleanandsafealternativetooilandgasforheatingandearthlymodesoftransport.Politicalsupportismountingwithalmost$26bnofUStaxpayermoneyavailableforhydrogenprojectsthankstothreerecentlaws-theInflationReductionActtheBipartisanInfrastructureActandtheChipsAct.Hydrogenispoliticallyhotbutisittheclimatesolutionthatitscheerleadersareclaiming氢是宇宙中最小、最轻、含量最丰富的分子地球上，氢无法自然产生，但可以通过从水或天然气、煤炭和石油等碳氢化合物（化石燃料）中分解产生，成为一种能源它已经被用于火箭燃料，但现在正被推广成为一种替代石油和天然气的清洁安全的能源，可以用于供暖和陆上运输获取的政策支持也在增加，由于最近出台的三部法律一«通货膨胀降低法案》、《两党基础设施法案》和《芯片法案》——美国纳税人缴纳的税款中有近260亿美元可用于支持氢气项目氢气是一个热门政治话题，但它真的如支持者所宣称的那样，是解决气候问题的方案吗WhatsatstakeInadditionto$26bnindirectfinancingforso-calledhydrogenhubsanddemoprojectsanother$100bnorsoinuncappedtaxcreditscouldbepaidoutoverthenextfewdecadessolotsandlotsoftaxpayers7money.Fossilfuelcompaniesarealsousinghydrogentojustifybuildingmorepipelinesclaimingthatthisinfrastructurecanbeusedfor“cleanhydrogeninthefuture.要紧的是什么除了为所谓的氢枢纽和示范项目提供260亿美元的直接融资外，这个行业未来几十年还可以获得大约1000亿美元的无上限税收抵免，这将相当于一大笔纳税人的钱化石燃料公司也在利用氢来证明建造更多管道的合理性，声称这些基础设施在未来可以用于主:土〃/月/口9OButhydrogenisahighlyflammableandcorrosiveelementanditwouldbecostlytorepurposeoilandgasinfrastructuretomakeitsafeforhydrogen.Andwhilehydrogenisnotagreenhousegasitisnotharmless.Itaggravatessomegreenhousegasesforinstancecausingmethanetostayintheatmosphereforlonger.但氢气是一种高度易燃和腐蚀性的元素，如果重新使用石油和天然气基础设施，要想保证氢气的安全性，成本将会很高虽然氢不是温室气体，但它也不是无害的它会加剧一些温室气体的污染，例如导致甲烷在大气中停留的时间更长IsthereanyroleforhydrogeninadecarbonisedfutureYesbutalimitedone-giventhatittakesmoreenergytoproducestoreandtransporthydrogenthanitprovideswhenconvertedintousefulenergysousinganythingbutnewrenewablesourcestruegreenhydrogenwillrequireburningmorefossilfuels.氢在未来脱碳的过程中能发挥什么作用吗有，但作用有限——考虑到把氢能生产、储存和运输过程消耗的能量比将其转化成有用能源提供的能量要多，所以使用除新可再生能源（真正的绿色氢）以外的任何能源都将需要燃烧更多的化石燃料AccordingtothehydrogenmeritladderdevisedbyMichaelLiebreichhostoftheCleaningUppodcastswappingcleanhydrogenforthefossilfuel-basedgreyandbrownstuffcurrentlyusedforsyntheticfertiliserspetrochemicalsandsteelisano-brainer.ThecarbonfootprintofglobalhydrogenproductiontodayisequivalenttoGermanysannualgreenhousegasemissionssothesoonerweswaptogreenhydrogencreatedfromnewrenewablesthebetter.Butformostformsoftransportcarsbikesbusesandtrainsandheatingtherearealreadysafercleanerandcheapertechnologiessuchasbattery-runelectricvehiclesandheatpumpssothere*slittleornomeritininvestingtimeormoneywithhydrogen.根据MichaelLiebreich所设计的氢能优劣等级表，用清洁的氢来替换目前用于合成肥料、石化和钢铁的基于化石燃料的灰色和褐色物质是一个不用思考的选择如今全球氢气生产的碳足迹相当于德国每年的温室气体排放量，所以我们越早改用绿色氢气由新的可再生能源产生越好但对于大多数形式的交通汽车、自行车、公共汽车和火车和供暖，已经有更安全、更清洁和更便宜的技术，如电池运行的电动汽车和热泵，所以在氢气方面投资时间或金钱几乎没有任何好处beusedfor“cleanhydrogeninthefuture.Buthydrogenisahighlyflammableandcorrosiveelementanditwouldbecostlytorepurposeoilandgasinfrastructuretomakeitsafeforhydrogen.Andwhilehydrogenisnotagreenhousegasitisnotharmless.Itaggravatessomegreenhousegasesforinstancecausingmethanetostayintheatmosphereforlonger.IsthereanyroleforhydrogeninadecarbonisedfutureYesbutalimitedone-giventhatittakesmoreenergytoproducestoreandtransporthydrogenthanitprovideswhenconvertedintousefulenergysousinganythingbutnewrenewablesourcestruegreenhydrogenwillrequireburningmorefossilfuels.AccordingtothehydrogenmeritladderdevisedbyMichaelLiebreichhostoftheCleaningUppodcastswappingcleanhydrogenforthefossilfuel-basedgreyandbrownstuffcurrentlyusedforsyntheticfertiliserspetrochemicalsandsteelisano-brainer.ThecarbonfootprintofglobalhydrogenproductiontodayisequivalenttoGermanysannualgreenhousegasemissionssothesoonerweswaptogreenhydrogencreatedfromnewrenewablesthebetter.Butformostformsoftransportcarsbikesbusesandtrainsandheatingtherearealreadysafercleanerandcheapertechnologiessuchasbattery-runelectricvehiclesandheatpumpssothere7slittleornomeritininvestingtimeormoneywithhydrogen.阅读理解:WhatishydrogenandwherecanitbefoundonEarthHydrogenisthesmallestandlightestmoleculeintheuniverse.ItcanbefoundbyitselfnaturallyonEarth.Hydrogenistheheaviestmoleculeintheuniverse.ItcanbefoundinhydrocarboncompoundslikegascoalandpetroleumonEarth.Hydrogenisthesmallestlightestandmostabundantmoleculeintheuniverse.ItdoesnotoccurbyitselfnaturallyonEarthbutcanbeseparatedfromwaterorhydrocarboncompoundstobeusedasanenergysource.Hydrogenisahighlyflammableandcorrosiveelementthatcannotbeusedasanenergysource.Answer:CHowishydrogenbeingusedasanenergysourceItisburntintheatmosphereasagreenhousegas.Itisbeingusedasrocketfuel.Itisusedforheatingandearthlymodesoftransport.Itisrepurposedtomakeoilandgasinfrastructuresafe.Answer:CHowmuchUStaxpayermoneyisavailableforhydrogenprojects$100bn$26bn$126bn$lbnAnswer:BWhatarethepotentialdrawbackstousinghydrogenasanenergysourceItisahighlyflammableandcorrosiveelement.ItdoesnotprovideasmuchenergyasisrequiredtoproducestoreandtransportitItrequiresburningmorefossilfuels.Alloftheabove.Answer:DAccordingtoMichaelLiebreich7shydrogenmeritladderwhatisano-brainer“useforcleanhydrogenCarsbikesbusesandtrains.Steelproduction.Petrochemicalproduction.Syntheticfertilizers.Answer:DWhydoestheauthorarguethathydrogenshouldonlyhavealimitedroleinadecarbonizedfutureItisahighlyflammableandcorrosiveelement.ItdoesnotprovideasmuchenergyasisrequiredtoproducestoreandtransportitItcausesmethanetostayintheatmosphereforlonger.Safercleanerandcheapertechnologieslikebattery-runelectricvehiclesandheatpumpsalreadyexistformostformsoftransportandheating.Answer:DHowdoesthecarbonfootprintofglobalhydrogenproductioncomparetoGermany7sannualgreenhousegasemissionsItislessthanGermany7sannualgreenhousegasemissions.ItisequivalenttoGermany7sannualgreenhousegasemissions.ItisgreaterthanGermany7sannualgreenhousegasemissions.Itisimpossibletotellfromthegiveninformation.Answer:BWhatdofossilfuelcompaniesusetojustifybuildingmorepipelinesCleanhydrogen.Battery-runelectricvehicles.Coalandpetroleum.Noneoftheabove.Answer:AWhatistheChipsActItzsalawthatprovidesUStaxpayermoneyforhydrogenprojects.ItsalawthatreducesinflationintheUS.Itsalawthatprovidestaxcreditsforcleanenergyprojects.DItsalawthatpromotestheuseofelectricvehicles.Answer:AWhatdoestheauthorultimatelyargueabouttheuseofhydrogenasanenergysourceHydrogenshouldbethesoleenergysourcefordecarbonizationefforts.Hydrogenshouldnotbeusedasanenergysourceatall.Hydrogenshouldonlybeusedforrocketfuel.Hydrogenshouldhavealimitedroleindecarbonizationeffortswithafocusonusingtruegreenhydrogen“createdfromnewrenewables.Answer:D词汇总结:Hydrogen氢molecule分子universe宇宙occur发生naturally自然地separated分离water水hydrocarbon煌fossilfuels化石燃料energysource能源rocketfuel火箭燃料clean清洁的safe安全的alternative替代方案oil油gas气political政治的support支持UStaxpayermoney美国纳税人资金laws法律inflation通货膨胀reduction减少bipartisan跨党派的infrastructure基础设施chips芯片cheerleaders拥护者stake利害关系directfinancing直接融资hubs中心demoprojects演示项目uncappedtaxcredits无上限税收减免fossilfuelcompanies化石燃料公司pipelines管道highlyflammable高度易燃的corrosive腐蚀性的repurpose改建greenhousegas温室气体aggravates使恶化methane甲烷atmosphere大气层decarbonised低碳化limited有限的produce生产store储存transport运输newrenewables新型可再生能源carbonfootprint碳足迹syntheticfertilisers合成肥料petrochemicals石化产品steel钢铁新词积累

1.mount/maont/v.组织，开展；爬上，登上；增多，上升；增强，加剧；镶嵌，安置；上演展出n.山，山峰;坐骑，马；登，骑;（相片）框，（艺术品）装帧衬托纸;底座，底架

2.hub/hAb/n.（活动的）中心；枢纽机场，枢纽城市;（轮）毂N推进器、风扇等的）旋翼叶毂flammable/flaemsbsl/adj.易燃的;可燃的；可燃性的n.易燃物swap/SWDp/V.交换，交易；用……替换，把……换成；交换（工作或岗位）；交流（各自的经历、想法等）；停下（手头的事）改做n.交易，交换；交易物，交换物；交换工作;（财政）换期，互惠信贷词组搭配.atstake处于危险中；在紧要关头.demoproject示范项目写作句总结Sothere7slittleornomeritininvestingtimeormoneywithhydrogen.结构:Sothere7slittleornomeritininvestingtimeormoneywith....所以在…投资时间或金钱几乎没有任何好处例句:Sothere7slittleornomeritininvestingtimeormoneywithgamble.全文对照翻译Hydrogenisthesmallestlightestandmostabundantmoleculeintheuniverse.OnEarthitdoesnotoccurbyitselfnaturallybutcanbeseparatedfromwater（H20）orhydrocarboncompounds（fossilfuels）likegaszcoalandpetroleumtobeusedasanenergysource.Itfsalreadyused。