高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：为什么会忘事？

高考英语外刊阅读训练一一阅读理解:为什么会忘事？改编自WhydoweforgetthingsMemoryisanessentialfunctionofourbrainallowingustostoreandretrieveinformationasrequired.Itissplitintoshort-termandlong-termmemorywiththeformerholdingasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodandthelattercapableofholdingunlimitedinformationforlongerperiods.Asamazingasourmemoryissometimesweforgetthingsbecausewedonotstorethemefficientlyormakeadequateconnectionsforrecalllater.Memoriescanalsodecayovertimeifnotrevisitedorbecomeweakduetoalackofbiologicaltrace.Ifwedontpracticeorperformcertaintasksregularlyitcanbechallengingtorememberhowtodothem.Furthermoresometimesevenourshort-termmemoryfailsuswhichcanresultinforgettingwhatweintendedtodowhenenteringaroom-knownasnTheDoorwayEffect.Attemptingtojuggletoomanytaskssimultaneouslycancausethiseffect.Itscrucialtocontinuallyexerciseourmemoriesespeciallyasweagesinceourbrainstendtoshrinkinvolumebeyondour50sandourmemorybeginstodecline.Howeveritisworthnotingthatforgettingisnotalwaysbad-rememberingeverydetailoftheworldarounduswouldconsumeasignificantportionofcognitiveresources.Inconclusionwhilebeingforgetfulcanbefrustratingitsanaturalfunctionofourbrain.Memoryrequiresconstantusagetokeepitsharpbutitsalsookaytoforgettrivialdetails;afterallitwouldbeawasteofenergytoretaineverybitofinformationweencounter.【重点词汇】Memory/memg”/n.记忆、回忆Essential/fsenjl/adj.必要的、本质的Function/fArjkJh/n.功能、彳乍用Brain/brein/n.大月商Store/stor/v.存储Retrieve/rftri:v/v.取回、检索Short-term/Jb t-t3m/adj.短期的Long-term/lorj-taim/adj.长期的Information/inf8meij

（8）n/n.信息、消息Holding/hauIdH]/n.持有、抱有、占据Amazing/ameizirj/adj.令人惊异的Forget/faget/v.忘记Efficiently/ffijhtli/adv.高效地、有效地Adequate/aedikwot/adj.充足的、适当的Connection/ksnekjh/n.联系、联系方式Recall/riko l/v.回忆、召回Decay/dfkei/v.衰退、腐烂Revisited/rivizit/v.重新访问Weak/wi:k/adj.薄弱的、虚弱的Biological/baialodsikl/adj.生物学的、生命科学的Trace/treis/n.踪迹、痕迹Practice^praektis/v.练习、实践Perform/pafo m/v.执行、演出Regularly/regjuIsli/adv.定期地、经常地Challenging/tjaelsndsirj/adj.具有挑战性的Intend/intend/v.打算、计划Enter/entsr/v.进入、进去Effect/ffekt/n.影响、效果Juggle/d5Agl/v.忙于应付、同时处理多件事Simultaneously/sairnTteiniQsli/adv.同时地、一起地Exercise/^ksssaiz/v.锻炼、练习Age/eids/n.年龄、时代Shrink/Jrirk/v.收缩、萎缩Volume/vdIjom/n.体积、容积Decline/diklain/v.下降、衰退Worth/w3e/adj.值得的、有价值的Noting/nsotirj/n.注释、记录Trivial/trivial/adj.琐碎的、不重要的Detail/dileil/n.细节、详情Waste/weist/v.浪费Energy/enadsi/n.能量、精力RetainTtein/v.保持、保留【阅读理解练习题】WhatismemoryTheabilitytoforgetAbiologicaltraceofinformationAfunctionthatallowsthestorageandretrievalofinformationAprocessthathelpsusremembereverydetailofoursurroundings答案c解析文章第一句指出，记忆是我们大脑的一个重要功能，它使我们能够按需存储和检索信息HowismemorysplitBiologicalandnon-biologicalInternalandexternalEssentialandnon-essentialShort-termandlong-term答案Do解析文章第二句讲到，在时间长度上把记忆分为了短期记忆和长期记忆两种类型WhydowesometimesforgetthingsWestorethemefficientlyWemakeadequateconnectionsforrecalllaterWerevisitthemregularlyNoneoftheabove答案Do解析文章第三句指出，有时候我们会因为没有高效地存储信息或者不适当地建立了信息之间的联系而遗忘某些事情WhatcancausememoriestodecayovertimeRevisitingthemtoooftenBecomingweakduetoalackofbiological^race1StoringtoomuchinformationPerformingcertaintasksregularly答案Bo解析文章第三句提到〃生物痕迹’的缺乏会令一些记忆随着时间的推移而逐渐衰弱WhatcanmakeitchallengingtorememberhowtodocertaintasksPracticingorperformingthemregularlyBasingmemoryonbiologicaltraceHavingalargecognitiveresourceNotrevisitingthem答案De解析文章第三句提到，如果我们不经常练习或执行某些任务，就会难以记住如何去做WhatisTheDoorwayEffectTheinabilitytoremembershort-termmemoriesTheeffectofattemptingtojuggletoomanytaskssimultaneouslyTheprocessofforgettingwhatweintendedtodowhenenteringaroomTheresultofstoringtoomuchinformationinlong-termmemory答案co解析文章第四段讲到，TheDoorwayEffect”指的是走进一个房间时忘记了自己想干什么的情形WhyisitcrucialtoexerciseourmemoriesespeciallyasweageBecauseourbrainstendtoshrinkinvolumebeyondour50sBecauseweneedtostoreeverybitofinformationweencounterBecauseithelpsusforgettrivialdetailsBecauseweneedmorecognitiveresourcesasweage答案AO解析文章第五句指出，特别是在我们年龄增长之后，由于大脑在体积方面越来越小、记忆力的退化等问题，锻炼记忆对于我们非常重要IsforgettingalwaysbadYesitisalwaysbadNoitisanaturalfunctionofourbrainItonlyhappenstoolderpeopleItonlyoccurswhenmemoriesarenotstoredefficiently答案Bo解析文章最后一句表明，遗忘不总是坏的，因为保持所有信息的记忆记忆会耗费大量的认知资源【全文逐句对照翻译】记忆是我们大脑的一项基本功能，它允许我们根据需要存储和检索信息Memoryisanessentialfunctionofourbrainallowingustostoreandretrieveinformationasrequired.它分为短期记忆和长期记忆，前者能在短时间内保存少量的信息，后者能在较长时间内保存无限的信息Itissplitintoshort-termandlong-termmemorywiththeformerholdingasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodandthelattercapableofholdingunlimitedinformationforlongerperiods.和我们的记忆力一样神奇的是，有时候我们会忘记一些事情，因为我们没有有效地储存它们，或者没有为以后的回忆建立足够的联系Asamazingasourmemoryissometimesweforgetthingsbecausewedonotstorethemefficientlyormakeadequateconnectionsforrecalllater.如果不重新审视，记忆也会随着时间的推移而衰退，或者由于缺乏生物〃痕迹〃而变得脆弱Memoriescanalsodecayovertimeifnotrevisitedorbecomeweakduetoalackofbiological^race.如果我们不经常练习或执行某些任务，就很难记住如何去做Ifwedontpracticeorperformcertaintasksregularlyitcanbechallengingtorememberhowtodothem.此外，有时甚至我们的短期记忆也会失灵，这可能会导致我们忘记进入房间时想要做什么——这就是所谓的〃门口效应〃Furthermoresometimesevenourshort-termmemoryfailsuswhichcanresultinforgettingwhatweintendedtodowhenenteringaroom-knownasTheDoorwayEffect.试图同时处理过多的任务会导致这种结果Attemptingtojuggletoomanytaskssimultaneouslycancausethiseffect.不断地锻炼我们的记忆力是至关重要的，尤其是随着年龄的增长，因为我们的大脑在50岁以后会萎缩，我们的记忆力开始下降Itscrucialtocontinuallyexerciseourmemoriesespeciallyasweagesinceourbrainstendtoshrinkinvolumebeyondour50sandourmemorybeginstodecline.然而，值得注意的是，遗忘并不总是坏事一记住我们周围世界的每一个细节会消耗很大一部分认知资源Howeveritisworthnotingthatforgettingisnotalwaysbad-rememberingeverydetailoftheworldarounduswouldconsumeasignificantportionofcognitiveresources.总之，虽然健忘令人沮丧，但这是我们大脑的自然功能Inconclusionwhilebeingforgetfulcanbefrustratingitsanaturalfunctionofourbrain.记忆需要不断使用才能保持敏锐，但忘记一些琐碎的细节也是可以的；Memoryrequiresconstantusagetokeepitsharpbutitsalsookaytoforgettrivialdetails;毕竟，记住我们遇到的每一点信息都是浪费精力afterallitwouldbeawasteofenergytoretaineverybitofinformationweencounter.。