宾语从句讲解全

宾语从句TheObjectClause学习宾语从句要抓住三要素连接词、语序和时态

一、宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语

二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有连词:that（that常可省略》whetherif代词whowhosewhatwhich副词whenwherehowwhy等一）.连词that（that常可省略）whetherifHetoldme（thathewould）gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idontknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.2）连接词+名词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语的定语常见的连接词有whosewhatwhich.howmanyhowmuch等如:Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他问我们班上谁的书法最好Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom.老师问我们房间里有多少人3）连接词+主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语常见的连接词有who（m）whatwhichhowmanyhowmuchwhenwhyhowzwhereif/whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等如HehasntdecidedifhellgoonatriptoWuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词+名词+主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语常见的连接词有whatwhichhowmanyhowmuchhow等如:Doyouknowwhichclassheisin你知道他在哪个班吗？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔练习题DidyoufindoutA.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingforAreyouinterestedinA.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdiditIdontknow.CanyoutellmeA.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare4——Whatdidthescientistsay——Hesaidhewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly5Excusemesir.CouldyoutellmeA.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere6SheaskedTomwithhiscarA.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter

四、宾语从句的时态时态:主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态彳列句:Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式例句:Shewassorrythatshehadntfinishedherworkontime.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态例句Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.练习题Its7:

30.1can1tbelieveyou_cookingdinneryetSally.A.haven7tstartedB.dicintC.dontstartD.hadn7tstartedTheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbeTheteachersaidthattheearthroundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgoWedliketotellyouthatyoutheexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpassnYes.Theytothelibrary/A.wherearethetwinshavebeenB.wherewerethetwinshavebeenC.wherethetwinsarehavegoneDwherethetwinswerehavegoneA.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone注意:・运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议suggest、advisepropose;要求demand、desirerequest;决定decide;命令ordercommandrequire;坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用should+v.虚拟语气Eg:Isuggestedthatyoushouldstudyhard.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.•虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实虚拟语气的用法1）虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令如Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩得痛快Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！Yougoout!你出去！2）虚拟语气用在宾语从句中动词wishsuggestorderinsistpropose等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求如Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边IwishIcouldhelphim.我希望我能帮助他Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿动词demandsuggestorderinsistpropose后面的从句中「should”可以省册Theteachersuggestedthatweshouldcleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服3虚拟语气用在主语从句中在句型Itisimportantnecessarystrangenaturalthat....后面的从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形如Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人4虚拟语气用在状语从句中虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来A、与现在事实相反的IfIweyouhethey+动词过去式・.ifIheshewere...Iweshould+动词原形Heyouztheywould+动词原形B、与过去事实相反的IfIweyouhethey+had+过去分词Iweshould+have+过去分词Heyouztheywould+have+过去分词IfIwereyouIshouldbuyit.如果我是你z我就买了它IfIhadtimeIwouldstudyFrench.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的IfsheknewEnglishshewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的Ifyouhadgotupearlieryoucouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的Ifitwerefinetomorrow!wouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气•简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同或相近的试题下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法方法一:当主句谓语动词是hopedecidewishchooseagreepromise等且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构例如LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.—LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.—Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二当主句谓语动词是knowlearnrememberforgettell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构例如Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.—Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注当主句谓语动词是tellaskshowteach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构例如CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation方法三当主句的谓语动词是rder■（命令）require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为名词（代词）+不定式结构例如Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.—Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.方法四某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化例如Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.—Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesntknowwhenandwherehewasborn.—Thepoorboydoesn7tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）结构例如LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.—LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化例如Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.—Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化例如IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.—[founditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.—Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.—Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.宾语从句练习1（）1Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.cantakeB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake2CatherinesaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are4SheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5Lindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled宾语从句练习21CanyoutellmeyouwerebornBettyA.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.—hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whoNobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.

1、that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有saythinkinsistwishhopedemandimaginewonderknowsupposeseebelieveagreeadmitdenyexpectexplainordercommandfeeldreamsuggestheat;meannoticepreferrequestrequireproposedeclarereport等Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意宾语从句的否定转移•当主句谓语动词是thinkbelievesupposeexpect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示Idontthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.•主句的谓语动词是thinkbelieveimaginesupposeconsideisexpect.fancyguess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.IdontbelievethatmaniskilledbyJimjshe我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekendwontshe/heWesupposeyouhavefinishedtheprojecthaventyou•如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词，如unhappy.unfair4Shedidntknow_backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe5Idontknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6DoyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayeveningA.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7Heaskedmetoldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose宾语从句练习3l.Theydontknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

2.Pleasetellmewhatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

3.SheaskedmeifIknew.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

4.YoumustrememberA.whatyourmothersaidC.yourmothersaidwhat5DidyouknowA.whohewaslookingafterC.whoheislookingfor6CouldyoutellmeA.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing宾语从句练习4B.whatdidyourmothersayD.whathasyourmothersaidB.whowashelookingforD.whoheislookingafterB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing

1.1dontknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomesIlltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.1dontknowthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome

3.CouldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelpA.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemended

4.1wanttoknowA.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafterDoyouknowwherenowA.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didheliveDoyouknowwhattimeA.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleavedontknow.CanyoutellmepleaseA.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

8.ThesmallchildrendontknowA.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockingscantunderstand.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans宾语从句练习5

一、用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句WhatishernameIdontknowWheredoesDoctorLiuLiveDoyouknowWhatdidheloseattherailwaystationWouldyoutellmeWhyisthecinemaclosedIwonderWhendidtheaccidenthappenPleasegoandfindoutWhatforeignlanguagecanyouspeakIwanttoknowWhoseboxisitonthefloorFmnotsureHowmuchdidyoupayforthedictionaryPleasetellmeSheisateacher.IhearDoesherauntliveinParisFmnotsureIsMrs.LeeintheclassroomIaskedWhowillcometojoinusDoyouknowMysonishavingacold.shesaidWillitrainagaintomorrowIdontknow

二、选择题

1、DoyouknowhowmuchhotwaterA.MumisneededB.doesMumneedC.MumneedsD.didMumneed

2、CanyoutellmeA.whereheisB.whereisheC.heiswhereD.whatishe

3、IdidntknowhowtoLondonA.wouldtheygoB.aretheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaregoing

4、Iwanttoknowhowlong.A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomebackC.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback

5、DoyouknowA.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews

6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhefree.A.wasB.willbeC.wouldbeD.is

7、HewillwritetoyouassoonashetoShanghai.A.getsB.isgettingC.willgetD.shallget

8、FathermusicwhenheyoungA.liked...wasB.liked...isC.likes...wasD.likes...is

9、IlikedsportsIwasyoung.A.somuchasB.somuchthatC.verymuchwhenD.verymuchbecause10smothergothomeIwastidyingmyroom.A.AfterB.WhenC.AssoonasD.Before

11、Theteacherdidntbeginherclassthestudentsstoppedtalking.A.untilB.becauseC.afterD.when

12、IfittomorrowwellgototheGreatwall.A.doesntrainB.wontrainC.notrainsD.isntrain

13、CouldyoutellmewegettotheplaneA.howB.whetherC.whereD.what

14、Whentheygottothecinemathefilmforthetenminutes.A.hadbeenonB.hasbegunC.beganD.hadbegun

15、Theteachersaysshewillleaveamessageontheheadmastersdesk.A.ifB.whoC.thatD.what

16、LucylooksstrongerLily.A.thanB.asC.thenD.notas

17、Iknownothingaboutithetoldme.A.becauseB.sinceC.untilD.after

18、Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafeyoumovein.A.becauseB.whenC.beforeD.until

19、IwastiredIcouldntwalkon.A.so...thatB.too...toC.very...thatD.very...to

20、Ithoughthetoseehismotherifhetime.A.willgo...hasB.willgo...willhaveC.wouldgo...wouldhaveD.wouldgo...had

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空

1、IwontreturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseInotfinishreadingit.

2、Assoonashesawmehetospeaktome.stop

3、Ihopehecomebackinaweek.

4、ItrainhardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.

5、Theoldmantoldthechildrennotwalkinthericefields.

6、Hetoldmehehelpherwithhermathsthenextevening.

7、Shesaidtheyknoweachotherforquitesometime.

8、IfitnotraintomorrowwevisitthePoplesMuseum.

9、JohnwritesomethingwhenIgotoseehim.

10、Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelmuchfasterthansound.

11、WhenIgottothecinemathefilmbegin

12、Mikeaskedmeifweaskanyquestionsthenextclass.

13、Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyoufinishdoingyourhomework

14、ComradeWangdidntknowiftherebeonEnglisheveningthatday.

15、Pleasetellmeifshecomeagainnexttime.dislike等），其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefullydoeshe我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？•当主句的主语是第

二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致YoursistersupposessheneedsnohelpdoesntsheYouthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheprojectdidntyouTheydontbelieveshesanengineerdotheyShedoesntexpectthatwearecomingsosoondoesshe练习题IdontthinkheisrightA.isntheB.isheC.doID.don

11.HebelievessheisrightA.doesntheB.doesheC.issheD.isntshe.1thoughtthathedislikedplayingfootballA.didntheB.didheC.didID.didn

11.IfindimportantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what.YoucantimaginewhentheyreceivedthenicegiftA.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited•在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省Ibelievethatyouhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.

2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省JustthenInoticedforthefirsttimethatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.

3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省Icanttellhimthathismotherdied.

4、当it作形式宾语时例句:Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语

5、当宾语从句前置时ThatourteamwillwinIbelieve.

6、当that作learnsuggestexplainagreewonderprovemeanstatefeelhold等动词的宾语时；

2、由whether小弓|导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为是否如Idontknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿•但在下列情况下只能用whether不能用if:

①在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whetherif...ornot也可以使用如Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome让我知道他是否能来Idontknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.=1dontknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.我不知道他洗不洗衣服Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留

②在介词之后用whethero如IminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语Werethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作

③在不定式前用whethero如Hehasntdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人Hehasntdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去©whether置于句首时，不能换用if如WhetherthisistrueornotIcantsay.这是否真的我说不上来

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether如Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题

⑥若用if会引起歧义时则用whether如Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:Ifyoulikethebookzpleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我•只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

①if引导条件状语从句意为如果Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.

②if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidntcometoschoolyesterday.

③引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit二）、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是seesaytellaskanswerknowdecideshowfindoutimaginesuggestdoubtwonder;discoverunderstandinformadvise等

①连接代词whowhomwhosewhichwhat在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语连接代词一般指疑问，但whatwhatever除了指疑问外也可以指陈述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.HaveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuyzaMotorolaorNokiacellphone你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗

②连接副词有whenwherewhyhow在句中担任状语的成分Hedidnttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题Idontknowornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathomeThisdependsontheweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.thatTheteacheraskedthenewstudentclasshewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.thatIdontknowMr.Greenwillcometoseeus.HeIIhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where---Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.DoyouhearIsaidDavid--YesMumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if---DoyouknowMrBlacksaddressis---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Vmnotsureof.A.wherewhichB.wherewhatC.whatwhichD.whatwhereThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon7tknow.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose

三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主句+连词+宾语从句主语+谓语+……”句式根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种1连接词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语常见的连接词有Whowhatwhich等如Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswerplease你能告诉我谁知道答案吗Thesmallchildrendontknowwhatisintheirstockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？。