高三英语一轮复习特殊句式学案

特殊句式

一、倒装句.全部倒装（将动词整个提前可主语前）1）表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语herethere（therebe/thereexist---）nowthenupdownawayoffitoutintheroomonthewall等置于句首，且主语为名词时Herecomesthebus./Theregoesthebell.注意如果主语是代词，则不倒装，如HereIam./Hereitcomes.Awaywenttherunners赛跑选手们跑远了ThedooropenedandincameMr.Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进来了Bythewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.Atthefootofthemountainstands/liesabeautifulschoolcalledBrightschool.2）有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.Strugglingtogetoutofpovertywerethefarmerswhohadsufferedalotinthenaturaldisasterlastyear..部分倒装（be动词/情态动词/助动词提前）1）否定副词（neverneithernorhardlylittleseldomrarely等）或表示否定意义的介词短语（atnotimebynomeansonnoconditioninnocase等）置于句首时Welaughatjokesbutseldomwethinkabouthowtheywork.我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的Bynomeanswedestroytheenvironment我们绝不应该破坏环境2）0nly修饰介词短语、副词、或状语从句，且置于句首时Onlybythiswaywemakegreatprogress.只有这样我们才能取得巨大进步Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhourstheyreachadecision.注意only修饰主语不需要倒装Onlyheknowsthetruth./Onlyverycarefulreaderscanfindhismistake.3）so;neithei7nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，意为“・・•也如此/也不…”Myfatherisateacherandsomymother./ShehasbeentoNewYorkandsoI.Idon5tlikeit;neither/norIcare.Ihaven1theardofProfessorWhiteandneither/norPhilip.注意so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”与“so+主语+谓语”句式的区别，后者不是倒装，表示对上文所说的话赞同或附和Tomisveryclever.Soheis.是啊，他确实很聪明4）某些含有否定词的连词位于句首时主要包括notonly…butalso…;notonly部分倒装butalso部分不倒装;nosooner・・than・・・，hardly…when・・，not…until…引导的句子hardlynosoonernotuntil位于句首时，主句用部分倒装NotonlyIcometoschoolearlybutalsomyteacherdoes.Nosoonerthegamestaredthanitbegantorainheavily.Hardlyshegoneoutwhenastudentscametovisither.（注意nosooner・・・than…和hardly…when・•的时态）Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.（还原）5）含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装，省略ifyoucomehereyouwouldhavemetthefilmstar.（Ifyouhadcomehereyouwouldhavemetthefilmstar.）wesucceedwewouldberich.Ifweshouldsucceedwewouldberich.abirdIwouldflyfreely.IfIwereabirdIwouldflyfreely.6so…that…句型中，so+adj./adv.置于句首时，主句用部分倒装Socarelesslyhedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.SodarktheroomthatIcouldhardlyseeanything.SofastyouspeakthatIcanhardlyfollowyou.练习1AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiverlieChongqingoneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.SodifficultIfindittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.Notuntilhewentthroughrealrelationshipherealizethelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.Onlythenwerealizetherewasanearthquake.Iwastoofrightenedtomove.

二、强调句

1.Itis/was+强调部分+that/who…的强调1此句型一般强调主语、宾语和状语，一般不强调谓语、表语、补足语等把需要强调的部分放于be动词和that/who之间，that/who不充当成分，只起连接作用，去掉此结构之后句子仍然成立ItisJanethat/whohasbeenlivinginLondonsincesheleftChina.强调主语JaneItisinLondonthatJanehasbeenlivinginsincesheleftChina.强调地点状语inLondon注意in不能漏掉ItissincesheleftChinathatJanehasbeenlivinginLondon.强调时间状语从句2一般疑问句Is/Was+it+强调部分+that/who…？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that…？WasitSallythatphonedjustnow刚才打电话的是Sally吗Whowasitthatphonedjustnow刚才打电话的究竟是谁？Whenwasitthatyoulostyourluggage你究竟是什么时候丢的行李？WherewasitthatShakespearewasborn莎士比亚出生的地方究竟在哪里？特殊疑问句中强调句后均为陈述语序3注意强调句与从句的区别ItwastenoclockwhenIgothomelastnight.when引导此处it的作用是ItwasattenoclockIgothomelastnight.4“do/does/did+动词原形”的强调只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中Heknowtheplacewell.writetomewhenyougetthere.Hephoneyouyesterday.not…until…的强调句Itis/wasnotuntikthat…ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.只有当你完成了作业之后你才被允许出去练习2:Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethemountainclimberwasrescued.CoulditbeintherestaurantyouhaddinnerwithmeyesterdayyoulostyourhandbagItisthetalentandhardworkofthemusicalgroupwhichallowthemtowinovermanyfans.

三、省略句.状语从句的省略重点时间，条件，让步，方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式Childrenwhenaccompanybytheirparentsareallowedtoenterthestadium.IfinviteTIIcometothepartywithBetty.WhendohouseworkTmusedtolisteningtosomemusic..不定式的省略1在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子相同的动词短语，只保留不定式符号to常用在expecthopeintendmeantrywantwish等词后Firstlypeoplemayfeelforcedwhenaskedtodothingsthattheydon*twantto.2but用作介词，表示“除…之外”时，前面有实义动词do/does/did后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词d时，后接的不定式不省略t前有do后省toIfhetakesonthisworkhewillhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV.3特殊的省略结构if省略结构ifso/ifnot/ifever/ifnecessary/ifpossible/ifany

四、感叹句what引导的感叹句What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!What+adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语Whatterribleproblemswewouldface!Whatfineweatheritis!how引导的感叹句How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语Howfastheruns!How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语Howstrangeaplantitis!How+主语+谓语Howtimeflies!练习3:IfacceptforthejobyouIIbeinformedsoon.Failingforthefirsttimehasmadehimcometoknowwhatimportantasecondchanceis.Standingonthetopofthetowerandyou5IIenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.SotouchingthesongsoundthatIcouldntholdmytearsbackwhenIhearditforthefirsttime.Freddygavehimajobandlenthimpocketmoneywhiletrainhim.NotuntilthenIknowmyseniorhighschoollifehadreallybegun.ItwasayearagowhenJoshuagotabikeatChristmasandherodeiteveryday.。