文本内容:
伯里克利的演说词伯里克利葬礼演说辞介绍“”anintroductiontopericles’funeraloration,thucydidesdidnotbelongtothegenerationsofempirebuilders.hewasbornjustafterthem,,andhispersonalmemorywentnofurtherbackthanthepeaceof
445.sohesharedtheideasoftheagewithhisoldercontemporaries butinalessinstinctivefashion.likethem,,heknewthathewas,,livingingreattimes.but morethoughtfulthantheyhedesiredtorecordthem;forhekn,ew ast,heyknewiftheyeverlayaw,akethinkingthatthisglorycouldnotlastandthatposteritywouldbegladtoreadofit.buthelittlesuspectedhowbrieftheblossomwouldbe orthatinhisownshortlifetime,hewouldyetseeautumnandmidwinter.,yetitwasinmidwinter whenthelongwallshadbeendismantledandtheacropolishad(),housedaspartangarrison thathewrotehiseulogyofthecityintheform,whatformcouldbemoreappropriate ofaspeechoverhernobledead.itisnot,,,ofcourse thespeechwhichpericlesde,livered orevenasthespeakerhintsthekindofspeechusuallygivenonsuchoccasions.thereistoolittleinitaboutnobleancestors,,,andtoomuchaboutthepresentday.butthereisnoreasontodoubtt,hatthucudideshadheardhisherospeak mostprobablymorethanonceoverthecity’sfallensoldiers,andcouldrecallinafteryearsamonghismostsacredrecollections,,“thecadenceofhisvoicethemovemen,tofhishand”andthesolemnhushofthevast,audiencebrokenonlyby“thesobbingofsomemotherofthedead.”wemayfeelwithconfidencethathe,hasgivenus withtheaddedcolouro,fhisownexperiencenotmerelytheinnerthoughtbutmuchofthelanguageofpericles.sothatherewecanlistenasinallf,ineworksofinterpretation,,totwogreatspiritsatonce;andwhenwehavelearnttouseo,urearswecansomet,imeshearthemboth pericles’voicecomingthrough alittlefaintandthinafterthelapseofyears,abovethedeeptonesofthehistorian.thespeechiswritten ifeverwritingwas,“notininkbutinblood.”forwiththucydidesmoreperhapsthanwithanyothergreatwriterthereisnotawordbuttells.“youmustreadandmarkhimlinebylinetillyoucanreadbetweenthelinesasclearlyasinthem.therearefe,wthinkerswithsomanyide,asbroodinginthebackground.”allgreatartislikeaghostseekingtoexpressmorethanitcanutterandbeckoningtoregionsbeyond.thisisastrueinhistory whichdealswithnations,,asinpoetryoranymorepersonalart.thatiswhythefuneralspeech,writtenofasmallprovincialcityintheuntriedyouthoftheworldwillalwaysfindanechowhenevermenandnationsarelivingtruetothemselveswhetherinthetrenchesofmukdenorinthecemeteryofgettysburg.periclesand,,abrahamlincolnwerenotverymuchalike.butcommonneedsbegetacommonlanguage;a伯里克利葬礼演说辞介绍ndgreatstatesmen likegreatpoetsspeaktooneanotherfrompeaktopeak.修昔底德并不属于帝国缔造者那几代人他生得恰比他们要晚,其个人记忆不会回“”溯到年和约之前因而,他与更年长的同代人共同拥有着那个时代的理想,但在方式上却不如前辈们那样本能与他们相似的是,他知道自己生活在伟大的时445代然而,比他们更深思熟虑的是,他想记录他们的业绩;因为他知道这种辉煌不会持久,而他的前辈们如果在清醒时思考也会知道这一点,而后代们会乐于阅读对这个辉煌时代的记载但他几乎未曾料到,帝国的辉煌竟会如此地昙花一现,或者说,在自己的短促生涯中,竟会亲眼目睹到帝国的秋日和隆冬然而,就在这隆冬时节,当长城被拆毁,雅典卫城被斯巴达驻军戍守时,他以悼“”“”念其城市的高贵死者的演说辞方式(还有什么更恰如其分的方式呢)撰写城市的“”颂歌当然,这不是伯里克利发表的演说,甚至,如演讲者所暗示的,也非此种场合通常要发表的那种演说演讲中有关其高贵祖先的描述微乎其微,而有关当代的内容却十分丰富然而没有理由怀疑,修昔底德曾亲耳聆听过他心目中的英雄为悼念城市的阵亡将士所做的演讲,很可能不只一次,而且多年后还能从其最珍视的记忆中回想起他那抑扬顿挫的声调和手势,以及广大听众所保持的那种庄严肃穆的气氛,只是间或被死者母亲的抽泣声所打断我们相信能体察到,除了凭其自身“”的阅历所添加的润色外,他不仅传递给我们很多伯里克利的语言,而且还有其内在“”的思想因而我们在此能够聆听到,就如同在所有阐释性的杰作中所能听到的那样,两个伟大灵魂共同发出的声音;而当我们学会使用自己的耳朵时,有时能够同时捕捉到两人的声音,在历史家深沉的声音之上传来伯里克利的随着时光流逝而变得略显微弱和稀疏是声音这篇演讲辞不是用墨水而是用血写成的,如果确曾有这样的作品被写出来的话因为对修昔底德而言,或许比其他任何伟大作家尤甚,此篇文章可谓字字珠玑“”你必须逐行阅读和批注,直到你像阅读每行文字本身那样清晰地读出字里行间的意思很少有思想家能在文章的背景中孕育出如此丰富的思想所有伟大的艺术“作品都像一个幽灵,力求表达超出其所能言表的内容并传播得更远无论诗歌还是”更加个人化的艺术,还是以各民族为研究对象的历史作品,尽皆如此这就是在人类质朴无华的童年时代以一个地方小城市为题材的葬礼演说辞何以总能在按自己本色生活的人们和民族中引发共鸣,无论是在奉天的战壕中,还是在葛底斯堡的公墓里伯里克利和亚伯拉罕林肯并非十分相象然而,共同的需要产生了共同的语言;而伟大的政治家们,有如伟大的诗人们,在一个个颠峰之间彼此交谈着·。
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