初中英语语法课件

Complete versionofmiddle schoolEnglishgrammar•Noun•Pronoun•Article•Preparation•Subjects and advertisements目•Tenses andVoices•Non fineverbs•Claims andconnections录contentsCHAPTER01NounClassification ofNounsCommon NounsNounsthat arenot propernouns,such as cat ordogProperty NounsSpecificnames ofindividuals,places,or things,such asChinaor BeijingThenumber ofnounsSingularRefers toone person,place,or thing,such as a catorthe dogPluralRefers to morethan oneperson,place,or thing,suchas catsor dogsThepositive caseof nounsFormThe passive caseis formedbyadding anApostrophe andansto the end of the noun,such ascatsor dogsUsageThepassive caseis used to showsession,such as the catsfood orthedogs toyCHAPTER02PronounPersonal pronounsSubjectivepersonal announcements01I,you,he,she,it,we,they Usedas the subject of a verbObjectivepersonal announcements02me,you,him,her,it,us,them Usedastheobject of averb orpositionPositive personalannouncements03my,mine,your,your,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,their Used to showsession orownershipPositive pronouns•Mine•Yours•His•Hers•It•Ours•TheirsDemonstrative pronouns01020304This ThatThats itTheseInterrogtivepronounsWhoWhichWhatCHAPTER03ArticleThe usageof definearticlesSummary IndexArticle aUsedbefore a noun thatstartsThis listcovers therules andwith a consistentsound,exceptexamples of define articleswhen the nounis uniqueorin Englishgrammarwell knownIndexArticle anExceptionsa is used beforewordsUsed beforea nounthatstarting withh e.g.,astarts witha vowelsound,history bookand retainotherregulations of the letterexceptionsThedefine articleSummaryDefine ArticletheThis listdetails therules andUsedtorefer toa specificexamplesofdefinearticles inperson,place,or thingEnglishgrammarUse withSingular NounsUse withPlural NounsAlwaysused withSingular Usedwith mostPlural Nouns,Nouns,except inceramic casesbut notall e.g.,people vs.thee.g.,the musicpeopleThe Usage of ZeroArticleSummaryThis listexplores thecases whereno article is used in EnglishgrammarPropNounsZero articleis usedwith propernouns e.g.,Mount EverestTitlesZeroarticleis used beforetitles thatcome aftera namee.g.,John Smith,the teacherUncountableNounsZero articleis usedwith uncountablenouns whenreferring totheclass asa wholee.g.,water isessential forlifeCHAPTER04PreparationClassification ofPositionsSimple prepositions,such as in,on,by,etc.,are commonlyused toindicateposition,time,or manner.Complex prepositions,such asbecause ofand infront of,arecommonly used to indicatecause,purpose,or direction.The Usage of PositionsIndicatinglocation Representationssuch as in the room,on thesuch asby bus,on foot,etc.,table,etc.,used todescribe theused todescribe modesoflocation ofthings.transportation oraction.Representing timesuch as in the morning,onSunday,etc.,used todescribe apointor periodof time.Analysis ofCommon PositionsIn:represents within a certainspace orrange,such On:Refers tobeing abovea surfaceor object,as in the boxor in the room.such ason thetable oron thewall.At:Referstoa specificlocation orpoint,such asBy means,such asby caror byphone.at thebus stopor at home.CHAPTER05Subjects andadvertisementsTheUsageofAdjectivesD escr ib ethe Comparative andcharacteristics ofsuperlative forms,nouns,such assuch asbiggerbeautiful flowerand biggerandbig houseAdjecti vesa reusuallyplacedbefore thenounthey aredescribing,asinred appleorhappy childTheUsageofAdvantageousDescribe thenature anddegree ofverbs,Comparativeandsuperlativeadjectives,or adverbs:Advances modifyverbs,objectives,or otherforms,such asmore carefullyadvertisements,such asShe singsandmost carefullybeautifullyor Heruns veryfastAdvisors canalso indicaterelationshipssuch astimeyesterday,place here,orManner carefullyThecomparative andsuperior formsof objectionsandadvertisementsForming the comparative form01To formthecomparativeform ofan objective or advisory,simply add-er to the end of the word,or usethe wordmorein frontof theobjective or advisoryForming the superior form02To formthesuperiorform ofan objectiveoradvisory,simplyadd-est tothe endof theword,or usethewordmost infrontof theobjectiveoradvisoryIrregular forms03Some objectivesandadvertisementshave irregularcomparativeand superlative forms,all asbetter andbest forthecomparative andsuperlativeformsof goodCHAPTER06Tenses andVoicesPresent tensePresentSimpleIt is used to talk aboutfacts,general truths,and situationsthat aretrue nowPresent tenseI eatan appleevery dayPresentContinuouslyIt isused to talk about actions thatare happeningnowPresenttense01She isreading abook02Present PerfectIt isused to talk about actions that have03happened inthe pastand haverelevance tothepresentThey have lived inthis cityfor10years04Past tenseSimplePassIt isused totalk about actions that happened andcompleted inthe pastPasttense•He walkedtothepark yesterdayPasttense01Past Continuous02It isusedtotalk aboutactionsthat werehappening inthepast ata specifictimePast tense•When Icalled him,he waseating dinnerPasttensePast PerfectIt isusedtotalk aboutactionsthathappened inthepast beforeanotheraction happenedBythe timeI arrived,she hadalready leftFuturetenseSimple FutureItisusedtotalkaboutactionsthat willhappeninthe futureThey willvisit theirgrandparents nextweekFuture tenseFutureContinuousIt isusedtotalkaboutactions thatwillbe happeninginthefuture ataspecific timeFuturetense•We willbe studyingon roadnext yearFuturetenseFuture Perfect01Itisusedtotalkaboutactionsthatwill havehappenedin02thefuturebefore anotheraction happensBytheendof theyear,we willhavelivehere for2years03Passive voiceThepassive voiceis formedThepassive voice canbe Thepassivevoicecan alsobyusing theauxiliary verbused whenthe focusofthebe usedwhenthe subject oftobe inany tensepresence ison the action the presence isnot knownfollowedby thepast ratherthan onthe subjector importantparticleofthemain verbperforming itCHAPTER07Non fineverbsInfinitiveInfinitive is the basicform ofa Infinitive can serve asasubject,verb thatdoes notexpress tenseobject,predicate,appositive,andor voice.Itisoften usedat theother componentsto indicateanbeginning orendofa sentenceaction or state.or as an insert.Infinitive isoften usedwith theInfinitivecan serveasthe objectauxiliaryverb toform aninfinitive ofa verb,indicating theexecutorphrase,indicating futureactions oftheaction or behavior.or behaviors.Gerund01020304Gerund canrepresent theGerund canrepresent theGerundcan serveas aGerundisthepresentsubject,object,predicate,result orstate ofexecutor ofan actionorparticiple formofa verb,and othercomponents,often completingan action,often behavior,often usedinused asa nountoused inconjunction withusedinconjunction withconjunction withindicatean ongoingprepositions such asby andprepositions such as asas prepositions such asby andactionorstate.without.and after.with.ParticleArticle isthe nonfinite formParticles canrepresent theofaverb,representing anresult orstate ofcompletingaction orstate,and hasthe an action,often usedincharacteristics ofan conjunctionwithadjective.prepositionssuchas withandwithout.Article canbe usedasanArticle canrepresent theattributive,predicate,etc.to executorofacertain actionmodifynouns orpronouns.or behavior,often usedinconjunction withprepositionssuchasby andwith.CHAPTER08Claims andconnectionsNominal clauseDefinitionExampleTerminal clause is a clause thatfunctions asanounThe clauseI lovereading booksis anominalin asense clausebecause itfunctions asthesubjectof thesentenceFunctionCompositionNounal clausescanserveas subjects,objects,or Nobelclaims arecommonly introducedby acompletenessin sensessubject anda fineverb,and caninclude otherelementssuchascompletion andadvertisementsAttributive clause输入An attributive clauseisaclause that modifiesa The clausethatI readinthesense thebook标题noun orpronoun byproviding additionalExample thatI readis anattributiveclausemodifying theinformationabout itnoun bookDefinitionFunctionAttributive clausesbegin witha relativepronoun Attributiveclaims providespecific detailsaboutCompositthat,who,which,etc.and endwithacomma orthesubject,often answeringquestions likewhat,iona punctuationmark which,when,where,or howAdverbial claimsDefinition ExampleFunction CompositionAdverbialclaims areTheclausewhen Iwas Adverbialclaims provideAdverbialclaimscanclaims thatfunction asyoung inthe presenceI additionalinformation beginwith connectionsadvertisementsinasense,loved readingbooks aboutwhen,where,how,suchaswhen,because,modifying theactionorwhen Iwas youngis anor whyanactiontoy if,positionssuchasevent describedby theadvisory clausemodifying placebefore,after,during,ormain claimthe verbloved relativeproofs that,whichParallel connectionsand non-financial connectionsDefinition:Parallel Example:The connectionFunction:Parallel Composition:Parallelconnections arecommonlyconnections andnon-and inthepresenceconnections helpto createsinglewords likeand,financial connectionsare readingbooks andwriting parallelstructures insenses,or,but,etc.Non finitespecialtypes ofstories isa parallelemphasizing similarityorconnections areformedconnections usedto connectionconnecting twocontrasting betweenideasusing infinitiveverbs orconnectsimilar ideasor similarideasparticles andcan introducegraphicalstructuressuborder clausesTHANKSFORWATCHING感谢您的观看。