化合物的英文命名课件

English NamingofCompounds•Overview ofEnglish NamingofCompounds•English names for commonorganicCATALOGUEcompounds目录•English names for commoninorganiccompounds•Special rulesfor namingorganiccompounds inEnglish•Special rulesfor naminginorganiccompounds inEnglish•Common names and abbreviationsof compounds01Overview ofEnglish NamingofCompoundsEnglish naming conventionsIUPAC rulesCommon namesTheInternational Unionof Pureand Inaddition to the IUPACrules,manyApplied ChemistryIUPAC hascompounds havecommon namesdeveloped a set of rules and VSthat arewidely recognizedand usedguidelinesfor namingorganic andThese common names oftenhaveinorganic compoundsThese rulesare historicalorigins andare notalwaysbroadly followedin thescientific consistentwith theIUPAC rulescommunityTheCharacteristics ofEnglish NamingPhoneticconsiderationsEnglish namingconventions oftentake into account thepromotion of the names,making themeasier topromoteand rememberEasyof useEnglishnamingconventionsaim tomake thenames ofcompounds easyto usein everydaycommunication andin scientificliteratureSystematicEnglish namingconventions aredesigned tobe systematic,with asetofrules thatcan beappliedconsistently toname anycompoundNotes onEnglish NamingInconsistencyLake ofImportance ofstandardizationcontextOne of the mainchallenges withUnlike theIUPAC system,English The name ofa compound isEnglish naming is thenamingisnot standardizedacross oftenimportant inunderstandinginconsistency innaming allcountries andregions itsstructure andpropertiesconventions Compoundsmay Therefore,the samecompound Therefore,it isessential tousehave multiplecommonnames,may havedifferent namesin consistentand accuratenamingand differentpromises mayuse differentparts of the worldconventions whendifferentnamesforthe samecommunicating aboutcompoundcompounds02English namesfor commonorganiccompoundsHydrocarbon compoundsAlkanes01Simple hydrocarboncompounds withthe generalformula CnH2n+2,where nis the number of carbonatoms Examples include methaneCH4,ethaneC2H6,and propaneC3H8Alkenes02Hydrocarbon compoundscontaining carboncarbondouble bondsExamples includeethylene C2H4andcopyene C3H6Alkynes03Hydrocarbon compoundscontaining carboncarbontriple bondsExamples includeacetate C2H2andbutyne C4H6Alcohols,phenols,and othersAlcoholsPhenols EthersCompounds containing aAromatic compoundsCompoundscontaining anhydroxide group-OH containing a hydroxidegroup oxygenatom linkedto twoattached toacarbon atomattached to the benzene ring alkylgroups ExamplesincludeExamples includemethanol Examplesinclude phenoldimethyl etherCH3OCH3CH3OH,ethanol C2H5OH,C6H5OH andcatalyst1,2-and dimethyl etherand propanolC3H7OH dihydroxybenzeneC2H5OC2H5Aldehydes,ketones,quinonesAldehydes KetonesQuinonesCompounds containinga CompoundscontainingaAromatic compoundscarbon group andtwo alkylcarbongroup-C=O anda containingtwo carbongroups attached to thehydrogen atomattachedtogroups onadult carbonsame carbon atomthesamecarbon atom ExamplesincludeExamples includeacetateExamples includebenzoquinone C6O2andCH3COCH3and butanoneformaldehydeCH2O andnaphthoquinone C10O2C4H8Oacetate C2H4OCarboxylic acidsand theirderivativesCarbon acidsCompoundscontainingacarbongroup-COOH Examplesinclude formalacid HCOOH,aesthetic acid CH3COOH,and propionic acidC2H5COOHSales andestersDerivatives ofcarboxylic acidsformed byreplacing oradding groupstothecarboxylate ion-COO-Examplesincludesodium acetateNaCH3COO andethyl acetateC2H5COOC2H5Amines andnitro compoundsAminesCompoundscontaining nitrogenatoms linkedto hydrogenatoms andalkyl oraryl groupsExamplesinclude methylamine CH3NH2,ethylamineC2H5NH2,and anilineC6H5NH2Nitro compoundsCompoundscontaining nitro-NO2groupsattachedto carbonor nitrogenatoms Examplesincludenitrobenzene C6H5NO2and dinitrogentetroxide N2O403English namesfor commoninorganiccompoundsOxideOxide isa compoundthat containsoxygen andanother elementThe oxygenis commonlyin a negative oxidationstateThe Englishnamesforoxides commonly end with-ide or-ate For example,Na2O isa sodiumoxide,andCaO isa calciumoxideThe prefixoxygen-is alsoused toindicate the presence of oxygen ina compoundFor example,H2O iswater,and CO2is carbondioxideAcids andbasesAcids arecompounds thatproduce hydrogenBases arecompounds thatproduce hydroxideionsH+when dissolvedin waterThe Englishions OH-when dissolvedin waterThe Englishnames of acidscommonly end with-icacidnames ofbases commonlyend with-ate or-Forexample,HCl isa hydraulicacid,and H2SO4ite Forexample,NaOH is sodium hydroxide,andis asulfuric acidK2CO3is potassiumcarbonateSalt compounds•Salt compounds are formedby theneutralizationreaction betweenacidsand basesThe Englishnamesofsaltcompounds commonlyendwith-sulfate,-phase,-nitrate,etc.Forexample,NaCl issodium chloride,andK2SO4is potassiumsulfateOxygen salt•Oxygen saltsare saltsthat containoxygen inaddition tothe metalion andanime TheEnglish namesofoxygen saltscommonlyendwith-ite or-ate Forexample,NaHCO3issodiumbicarbonate,and KNO3is potassiumnitrateOther inorganicsubstances•Other commoninorganicsubstances includegases,such asO2oxygen,H2hydrogen,N2nitrogen,and noblegases likeHehelium Thesegases arenamed according totheircomposition andproperties Forexample,O2is diabeticoxygen,and H2is diabetichydrogen04Special rulesfor namingorganiccompounds inEnglishNamingof cycliccompounds01Cyclic compounds are named according tothenumber ofcarbon atomsand the type of ring02The number ofcarbon atoms in the ringis indicated by aprefix,such ascyclone-for a5-member ring or bicyclo-for a6-member ring03The type ofringis indicated by a suffix,such as-one for asaturated ring,-one for an unsaturatedring,and-ynefor a double bondedringNaming ofbridging ringcompoundsBridging ringcompoundsare namedaccording tothenumber ofcarbon atomsand the typeof bridgeThenumber ofcarbon atomsin thebridge is indicated by a prefix,such asmeta-for abridge with onecarbonatomor ethano-for a bridgewithtwo carbon atomsThe typeof bridgeis indicatedby asuffix,such as-yne for adoublebonded bridgeor-yne fora triplebonded bridgeNamingof spiralcompoundsSpiroxical compoundsarenamedaccordingtothenumber ofcarbon atomsin thecyclone andthetypeof cyclone or cycloneThenumber ofcarbon atomsin thecyclone is indicatedby a prefix,such asspiral-foracyclone withtwo carbonatomsThe typeof cyclone or cyclone isindicatedbyasuffix,such as-one fora saturatedcycloneor-one foran unsaturatedcycloneNaming ofalicyclic compoundsAlicycliccompoundsarenamedaccordingtothenumberofcarbonatomsinthe alicyclic ring andthetypeof cycloneor cycloneThenumberofcarbonatomsin thealicyclic ringisindicatedbyaprefix,suchas cyclone-fora5-member ringor bicyclo-fora6-member ringThetypeofcycloneorcycloneisindicatedbyasuffix,such as-one forasaturated alicyclicringor-one foran unsaturatedalicyclicring05Special rulesfor naminginorganiccompounds inEnglishNamingof hydrogencontaining compoundsHydrogenPeroxide SodiumHydroxideThe name of thecompound isThe name ofthecompoundis SodiumHydrogen PeroxideThe prefixHydro HydroxideThe prefixHydro--indicates the presence of hydrogen,indicates the presence ofhydrogen,and Peroxideindicates thepresence andSodium indicates thepresence ofof oxygenin thecompound sodiumin thecompoundNomenclature ofinorganic acidsand basesHydraulic AcidThe nameofthe acid isHydraulicAcid The prefixHydro-indicates thepresenceofhydrogen,and Chloroticindicatesthepresenceof chlorine in theacidSulfuric AcidThenameoftheacidis SulfuricAcidTheprefix Sulfa-indicates thepresenceof sulfurin theacidNaming ofinorganic saltsThenameofthe salt isSodiumChlorine TheprefixSodium indicatesthepresenceof sodium,andChlorine indicatesthepresenceofchlorinein thesaltMagnesium Sulfate:Thenameofthesalt isMagnesiumSulfate Theprefix Magnesiumindicatesthe presenceof magic,and Sulfateindicates thepresenceof surrenderinthesalt06Common namesandabbreviations ofcompoundsCommon namesofcompounds010203Acetone EthanolBenzeneA commonname fora simpleAlso knownas grainalcohol,it isA cyclichydrocarbon withthetoken,used invarious industriala volatilealcohol usedintheformulaC6H6It isa componentprocessesproduction ofalcoholic beveragesof crudeoil anda buildingblockand asa solventfor variousaromatic compoundsAbbreviationsfor compoundsNaClDNA ATPRepresentativessodium Standsfor deoxyribonucleicAcronym foradenosinechloride,a saltcommonly acid,the macroleculethat triphosphate,a nucleususedused inthe productionof carriesgenetic informationin bycells asa sourceof energytablesal tandasaall livingorganismsc on serv ativ ei nfoo dprocessingTHANKYOU。