英语语言学实用教程课件u

Practical CourseCoursewarefor EnglishLinguistic•Introduction tolinguistics•Fundamentals ofPhonics•Lexicological research•Grammar analysis目•Pragmatic Exploration•Sociological perspective录contentsIntroduction to01linguisticsThe Definitionand ResearchObject ofLinguisticsOverview ofLinguistic Definitionand ResearchObjectLinguistics is a disciplinethat studieshuman language,including aspectssuch asphonetics,grammar,vocabulary,semantics,and pragmatics.Linguistic researchaims toreveal theessence andlaws of language,and understandthediversity andcommonality ofhuman language.The Development of LinguisticsTheDevelopmentofLinguistics Thedevelopment of linguistics hasgone throughstagessuch astraditional linguistics,historicalcomparative linguistics,structuralist linguistics,and functionalistlinguistics.Each stagehas itsuniquetheories andmethods,making significantcontributionsto thedevelopment oflinguistics.The Relationship between Linguistics and OtherDisciplinesTheRelationship betweenLinguisticsandOther Linguisticsis closely related todisciplines such asDisciplines philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,and computerscience.The interdisciplinaryresearchbetween thesedisciplines helpsto gainadeeper understandingof theessence andfunctionof language,and promotesthedevelopment and application oflinguistics.Fundamentals of02PhonicsOverview ofPhonicsPhonetics is the study of theIt is a branch oflinguisticsPhonics playsa criticalrole insoundsoflanguage,their thatfocuses onthe physicallanguage learning,production,and perceptionproperties of speech soundscommunication,and speechpathwayPhonemesand PhonicAlphabetPhonemes arethe basicunits TheInternational PhoneticThe IPAsymbols areused toofsound in a language that AlphabetIPA is a transferspeech andto teachdistinguishesmeaning standardizedsystem forpromotionreproducing phonesSyllableand WordStressA collapsibleis aunit ofsound thatconcerns of a voweland anyprecedingconsonantsWord stressrefers to the emphasisor progressgiven toa granularsystolic inawordAdmission patternscan affectthe meaningand promotionof wordsIntroductionand RhythmIntroductionrefers to the pitchProsody refers tothecombinationvariations in speech thatcontains ofintroduction,rhythm,and othermeaningand titlesuggestive featuresRhythminspeechrefers totheregular patternof stressedandunstressed vegetables03Lexicological researchOverviewof LexicologyLexicologyis the study of words and the principlesand processesofLexicon formation,change,and useItis abranchoflinguistics thatfocuses onthe structure,function,and developmentof thevocabulary of a languageLexicologyis consideredwith thestudy ofwords fromdifferentperspectives,including theirorigin,meaning,form,and useCompositionof VocabularyVocabularyis madeup ofindividual wordsand expressionsthat aremeaningful andsignificantin alanguageThe vocabularyof alanguage isconsistently changingand developing,influencedby variousfactors suchas cultural,historical,and socialchangesThe vocabularyof alanguage can be dividedinto differentcategories,includingbasic andtechnical vocabularyThesemantic relationshipof wordsThesemantic relationship between Semanticrelationships canbe Understandingsemanticwords referstotheconnection orclassified assynonyms,antonyms,relationships is crucial foreffectiveassociation betweenthe meaningshomonyms,polymorphs,and communicationand accurateofwords polymorphslanguage comprehensionChangesand Developmentof VocabularyNewwords areconsistently emergingto meettheneeds ofsociety andculture,while oldwordsmay becomeobjective ortake onnewmeansThe vocabularyofalanguage isconsistentlyThe developmentof vocabularyisadynamicchanging anddeveloping dueto variousfactorsprocess thatreflects theevolution ofa languagesuchas cultural,historical,and socialchangesand society04Grammar analysisOverviewof GrammarGrammaristhesystem ofrules thatgovern1the structure and organization of languageItincludes thestudy ofwords,their2combinations,and the ways in whichmeaning isconveyed throughsentencestructureGrammar isessential foreffective3communication,as itenables speakers toexpress ideasclearly andunderstandablyPart ofspeech andpresence componentsPartofspeechreferstothe categoryofwordsbased on their graphical01function,suchasnouns,verbs,objections,and advertisementsSentencecomponents includesubjects,predictions,objects,02completeness,and adjustments,which togetherform thebasic structureofa sentenceUnderstandingpart ofspeech and attention componentsiscrucialfor03accurate parsingand comprehensionof attentionThestructure andtypes ofsenses0102030405Sentences canbe Simplesenses containCompound sensesComplex sensesCoordinate sensesaresimple,complex,a subjectandacontain twoor morecontain amain clausestructurally parallelcomplex,or predicate,with noindependent claimsandatleast oneindependent clausescoordinated,dependent clausesor that are joinedby adependent clause,thatarejoined bydependingontheiradjacent connectionscoordinating commonlyintroduced coordinatingstructureand theconnection bya subcoordinating connectionsrelationshipsbetween junctiontheirconditionalclauses orphrasesSynthetic Rulesand AmbiguityAnalysisSynthetic rulesgovern thestructureandorganizationofintentions withinalanguage,specifying howwords combineto formgrammatically correctintentionsAmbiguityanalysis involvesthe identificationand resolutionof linguisticambiguity,where apresence canhave multiplepossible interpretationsdueto itsstructure orthe presenceof contextualinformation05Pragmatic ExplorationOverviewof PragmaticsDefinitionThe studyofhow language is used in communication,beyond itsliteralmeaningsImportanceHelps usunderstand howspeakers infermeanings incontext andhowlanguage isused toaccommodate socialand culturalnormsConversational Meansand CooperativePrinciplesConversational MeansTheinferred meansina conversation,which goesbeyondthe literalwords usedCooperativePrinciplesA setof assessmentsthat guidespeakerstoactcooperatively duringconversation,ensuring effectivecommunicationThePrinciple ofPoliteness andFace PreservationPrincipleof PolitenessTheuse oflanguagethatis relevantand consistent,avoiding impactor offeringspeechFace PreservationThedesired tomaintain positivesocial relationshipsby avoidingactions thatmay beembarrassor offerothersContext andDiscovery UnderstandingContextDiscoveryUnderstandingThe social,cultural,and physicalThe abilityto comparethe overallenvironmentinwhichlanguage isused,meaning ofaconversationor text,which affectsthe interpretationof consideringthe contextand theuse oflanguagelanguageSociological06perspectiveOverview ofSociolinguisticsSociolinguistics isthestudyof theIt examinesthe socialmeans andThe fieldof sociolinguisticshas arelationshipbetween languagefunctions oflanguage,as wellas broadscope,covering topicssuchand society,exploring howthe socialfactors thataffect aslanguage variation and change,language isusedindifferent language use,including culture,language and social class,social contextsandtheimpact ofsocial class,gender,age,and language and gender,languagesociety onlanguage variationand ethicsand age,language andethics,change languagecontact andPidgin/Creole languagesTheRelationshipbetweenLanguage andCulture•Language isa keycomponent ofculture,serving asa mediumforcultural transmissionand expression•Culture shapesthewaylanguage isused,influencing themeanings andmessages thatare conveyedthroughlanguage•Language reflectsthe values,beliefs,conditions,and waysof lifeofaculture,encoding culturalknowledgeand experiences•Understanding therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture isessential foreffective communicationacrosscultures andfor promotingcultural awarenessand diversityLanguage variationand change•Language variablesacross different social groupsand regions,reflecting theinfluence ofsocialfactors onlanguageuse•Language variationcanbeobserved inpromotion,vocabulary,grammar,and coursepatterns•Language changeisanatural processthat occursover timeas languagesevolve andadapt tonew socialand culturalenvironments•Languagevariationandchangeare importanttopics insociolinguistics,as theyhelp tounderstand thedynamics oflanguage insociety andthe processesof languagedevelopmentLanguage andsocial classSocial classisasocial Languageuse variesLanguageandsocial classThestudyof languagecategorythat acrosssocial classes,with arecloselyrelated,as andsocialclasshelps todistinguishespeople differentpatterns oflanguageisoften usedas understandthe roleofbased ontheir economicpromotion,vocabulary amarker ofsocial statuslanguage inmaintainingstatus,education,use,grammar,and courseand identitysocial hierarchyand inoccupation,and lifestylestyles beingassociated promotingsocial justicewithdifferentsocialand qualitygroupsTHANKSFORWATCHING感谢您的观看。