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English ReviewCoursewareModalVerbGrammar•Overview of Modal Verbs•The usageof basicmodal目verbs•The Senseand Voiceof ModalVerbs录•Special usageof modal verbs•Common errorsandprecautions of modal verbs01Overview ofModalVerbsThe definitionofmodalverbsModal verbs are aset ofspecial verbsthat express necessity,likelihood,opposition,and othersimilar meaningsThey areused tomodify themeaningof otherverbs andare often followed byinfinitive verbsModalverbsarenot used in theprogressive tenseand cannotbemodified byadvertisersClassification ofModal Verbs•The modalverbs canbe dividedinto twocategories:primary modalverbs andsecondary modalverbs Theprimarymodalverbsinclude can,may,must,shall,will,right to,used to,etc.,while thesecondarymodal verbsinclude today,need,have to,etcThe Meansand UsageofModalVerbsModal verbsexpress thetitle orintent of the speakertowards theaction orstate describedby the mainverb Theyare oftenused to expressnecessity,likelihood,opposition,ability,permission,and othersimilar meansModalverbs canbe usedin simpleor complexsenses,and canbe combinedwith othermodalverbs or advertisements to express morecomplex meaningsFor example,I cantgomeans Iam notable togo02The usageof basicmodalverbsUsage ofCANMeaningsCAN expressionsability,likelihood,or permissionExamplesIcan walk.ability,You cangonow.permission,Shec anfi ni sh th erac e.possibilityThe useof mayMeaningsMayexpressions likelihoodor permissionExamplesHemay come tomorrow.possibility,You maybow mybook.permissionThe useof mustMeansMustexpressions oppositionornecessityExamplesWe mustleave now.opposition,You mustbe on time.necessityThe useof shallMeaningsSHALLis usedin legalorcontractual contextsto expressoppositionor commitmentExamplesThecontract shallbe signedbyboth parties.opposition,Youshall paythe rentontime.commitmentUsage ofwillMeansWill expressionsfuture action or intentionExamplesIwill goto themovies tonight.future action,She willcome adoctor in the future.intention03The Senseand VoiceofModal VerbsPresentTensePresent Simple-The modalverb is used to express an action orsituationthat iscurrent,habitual,or repeatedPresentContinuously-The modalverb isused to express an action orsituation that isonging atthe presentmomentPresent Perfect-The modalverb isused to express anactionorsituationthat hasoccurred upto thepresent momentPastTensePast Perfect-The modalverb isLastSimple-The modalverb isused toexpress anactionorused toexpress anaction orsituationthat hasoccurred priorsituationthat occurredin the pastto anotherpast actionLastContinuous-The modalverbis used toexpress anaction orsituationthatwas ongingin thepastFutureTenseFuture Simple-The modalverb isused toexpress anaction orsituationthat willoccur in the futureFutureContinuous-The modalverb isusedtoexpress anactionor situationthat willbe ongoingin thefutureFuture Perfect-The modalverb isusedtoexpress anactionorsituationthat willhave occurredprior toanother futureactionPassive VoiceThe passive voice is formedby Thepassive voiceemphasizes theThepassivevoiceisoften usedusingthe auxiliaryverb tobe inaction morethan the subject whenthesubjectofthepresence isanytense followedbythe past performingit notimportant orunknownparticle ofthe mainverb04Special usageofmodal verbsIndicatingcalculationMayUsed toexpress apossibility basedon limitedevidenceor aweaker formof assignmentExample:She maybelate.RightUsed toexpressapossibility inthe pastor conditionalExample:He mighthave leftalready.Representation abilityCanCouldUsed toexpress capabilityor Usedtoexpressability inthe pastorcapability Example:She cansing conditionalExample:They couldrunbeautifully.VS veryfast.Restoring observationsand allowancesMustMayUsed toexpress oppositionor Usedtoexpresspermission ornecessityExample:You must finish allowanceExample:You maygo outyourhome.for awalk.Expressing requestsand suggestionsWillCouldUsed toexpressarequest orinvitation Usedtoexpressa politicalrequest orExample:Will youplease closethe suggestionExample:Would youlike todoorhave dinnerwith me05Common errorsandprecautions ofmodalverbsThe fusionbetween canand couldSummaryCanand couldare easily confused when used.Detailed descriptioncanrepresents abilityor possibility,used forpresent orfuture time,while couldis thepast tense ofcan,representing acertain abilityor possibilityinthepast.For example,one cansay Ican speak English,but notI couldspeakEnglish.The fusionbetween Mayand MightConclusionDetailed descriptionMayand Mightare easilyconfused whenused.May representspossibility or request forpermission,used forpresent orfuture time,while Mightisthepasttenseof May,representing acertain possibilityorrequestforpermission inthepast.For example,you cansayShe maycometomorrow,but you cannot sayShemight cometomorrow.Fusion betweenmust andhave to要点一要点二Summary Detaileddescriptionmust andhave toare easilyconfused whenused.must indicatesa strongnecessity orobligation,used forpresent orfuture time,while havetoindicates thatsomething mustbe donefor somereason,emphasizing objectivenecessity.For example,one cansay Imustfinish my work today orI havetofinishmyworktoday.Fusion betweenshall andwillSummary Detaileddescriptionshall andwill areeasilyconfusedwhenused.shall isusedinthe firstperson singular andsecond personsingular toindicate actionsorplans forfuture time,while willisusedinthefirstperson plural,second personplural,and thirdpersonsingularandplural toindicate actionsorplans forfuture time.For example,youcansay Ishallarrive tomorrowor Theywill arrivetomorrow.。