2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳讲义素材

年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点2024归纳什么叫非谓语动词？非谓语动词就是在句子中不能用作谓语的动词英语动词根据它是否能用作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语（但可用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等）英语的非谓语动词有三种形式，即不定式、动名词、分词如She doesntlike meliving here.她不愿意我住这儿She decidedto callhis office.她决定给他办公室打电话I sawhim workingin thegarden.我看见他在花园里干活We hadthe machinerepaired.我们请人修理了机器以上各句中的living为动名词、to call为不定式、working为现在分词、repaired为过去分词非谓语动词的总体用法特点是不定式表示将来（谓语之后）的或具体的动作；动名词表示已完成的或一般的动作；现在分词表示主动和正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作考点归纳考点1考查习惯上后接动名词的动词用法在初中英语中，习惯上只能后动名词作室语，不能接不定式的动词不多，如advise【建议），avoid（避免），consioer（考虑），dislike（不喜欢），enjoy（喜爱），excuse（原谅）,finish（完成）,aive up（放弃）,imaaine（想象），keep（保持）,mind（介意），pardon（原谅），The teachercaught theboy smoking.老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟The teachercaught himsleeping inclass.老师发现他在上课时睡觉

3.用于keep sb doing sth,表示使某人不停地做某事如He keptthe fireburning,他让火燃着11m sorry to havekept youwaiting.对不起让你等了

4.用于leave sb doing sth,表示让某人做某事或处于做某事的状态中如:His letterleft mefeeling prettybad.他的信让我感到很难受They walkedoff andleft mesitting thereall bymyself.他们走开了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿

5.用于be busydoing sth,表示忙于做某事如She wasbusy preparingessons.她忙一备课www.yyarammar.comFarmers werebusy gettingin thecrops.农民在忙着收庄稼有时可在busy后加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词如6,用于spend sth doing sth,表示花时间或金钱做某事如He spentquite a lot oftime doing that,他花了不少时间做那事Mary spentthe wholeevening watchingTV,and sodid Jane.玛丽整晚都在看电视，珍也一样有时可在现在分词前加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词如He spentquite alot oftime in doingthat.他花了不少时间做那事

1.have sbdo sth其中的have为使役动词，表示叫（请、使）某人做某事如I11have herpost theletter.我要以她去寄信He hadhis sonclean thecar他以他的儿子擦车

2.have sb（sth）doing sth表示使（让）某人（某事物）一直做在做某事如He hadthe lightburning allnight.他让灯亮了一整夜Within minuteshe hadthe wholeaudience lauahinaandclappina.没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来，鼓起掌来

3.have sth done表示请别人做某事如We hadthe machinerepaired.我们请人修理了机器Why dontyou haveyour haircut你为什么不理发？

4.有时表示经历或遭遇某情况如He hadhis fingercut.他的手指弄伤了I hadmy watchstolen yesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了

5.have sthto do表示有某事要做，其中的不定式作定语如:I have alot of workto do.我有许多工作要做She hasplenty ofclothes towear.她有足够的衣服穿高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词Seeing isbelieve.To seeis to believe.动名词的完成式一般不做主语（动名词表示一个事）It snecessary to be preparedfor ajob interview.the answersready willbeof great help.（为什么不行）A.To havehad B.Having hadC.Have D.Having BItwas computergames thatcost theboy alotoftime that he ought（为什么不行）to havespent onhis lessons.DA.to haveplayed B.playing C.played D.having played（但复合结构可以）the homeworkmade hisfather losehis temper.A.The boys not having doneB.The boynothavingdoneC.The boys having not doneD.The boyhavingnotdone在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答whatWhat madeyour brotherso delightedforhis progress.A.His teacherpraised himB.His beingpraised by his teacherC.His teacherhaving praisedhim D.He waspraised byhis teacherB非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有（同意）,（请、要）,（试图）,付得起同意agree askattempt affordagree ask要求申请（想要）,（决定、要）,（决定）,apply carechoose decidedesire（希望）,（决心）,帮助（期望）,（未能）,determine helpexpect failhope（希望）,（打算），（学习）,（设法）,（愿意）,intend learnmanage offerplan（计划、打算），（假装）,（拒绝、谢绝）,（希望）等等pretend refusewish答应想要希望promise wantwish有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语承认建议允许感激避免考虑admit adviseallow appreciateavoid consider推迟否认讨论不喜欢喜爰逃脱delay denydiscuss dislikeenjoy escapeexcuse原谅设想完成禁止原谅放弃想像fancy finishforbid forgivegive upimagine保持提及介意没赶上原谅允许keep mentionmind misspardon permit练习阻止摇禁止推迟报告冒险practise preventprohibit put off reportrisk停止建议理解想做某事stop suggestunderstand feel like有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事跟不定式,forget,remember还未作打算作某事；意味着mean to do,mean doing,尽力作某事；尝试着作某事try to do,try doing,表示被动;want/need/require doing sth,对做过的某事表示后悔；很抱歉的说regret doing sth.regret tosay,经常性的,特定的某一次like hatedoing,like/hate to do,习惯于做某事，过去经常做某事be/get used to doingused to do beused to do被用来做,忍不住做某事（）不能can t help doing=can thelp but do can thelp to do帮助做某事停止正在做着的某事;停下来做别的事情Stop doing stop to do继续做原来做的事接着干别的事情go ondoing go on to doforbid/allow doingsomething;forbid/allow somebodyto dosomething后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词的形式,不用否则要带except,but do to,toThere is nothing to do excepttill itstops snows.CA.to waitB.waiting C.wait D.waitsShe candance andsing.她能唱歌又能跳舞（在此用作不及物动词）singShe cansing manyEnglish songs.（她能唱好多首英文歌曲用作及物动词）sing非谓语动词作表语.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语1（表示某一次，如果主语中有时，不定式省略）doto动名词作表语同进行时的区别

2.动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意,而现在分词有正在进行之意如（为动名词）My jobis looking after thechildren,looking（为现在分词）He islookingafterthe baby,looking现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于形容词和形容词3-ed-ing形容词，令人的；形容词,令人感到的，有被动意味-ing-ed动词短语习惯于做某事,过去经常做某事be/get used to doingused to do beusedto do被用来做z忍不住做某事z（）不能can thelp doing=cant helpbut docan thelp to do帮助做某事停止正在做着的某事；停下来做别的事情stop doingstop to do继续做原来做的事接着干别的事情go ondoing go on to doforbid/allow doingsomething;forbid/allow somebodyto dosomething非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较、不定式和动名词作主语和表语1不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词动词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯a.ing性的动作如:is a good formof exercisefor bothyoung andold.A.The walkB.Walking C.To walkD.Walk分析暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选a goodform B不定式作主语时,常用作形式主语，即用句型b.it:Itis+adj./n.+for/of sb.todo sth.zIt simportant forus tolearn Englishwell.It skind ofyou to help us.注意下面几个句型是用动名词It sno good/use doing sth.It suseless doingsth.There isno needto do sth.、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较

2、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容如a是My jobis teaching/to teachEnglish,teaching/to teachEnglish myjob的内容主表语要用Knowing whowe aremeans knowingwhat welike to do.同一种形式、分词作表语b记住一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态常用动词（使某人吃惊），surprise surprising（令人吃惊），（主语）感到吃惊）类似动词有（激动）,surprised:excite astonish（惊奇），（震惊），（惊恐）叩佚望），（感shock seare dispoint movez动），如The movieis exciting.We areexcited at the news.、在叩（似乎，好像），（被证明是），（仍c seem/pear prove/turn outremain然是,尚待）等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语如（）He seemedto beveryhappy.Having atrip abroadis goodfor theold couple,but itremains（）whether theywill enjoyit.to beseen不定式、动名词作宾语的比较、只能接不定式的动词1（想要）a.want,would like,would prefer,ask,demand,intend,desire,（希望）b.wish,hope,expect,（决定）c.agree,decide,manage,promise,choose,continue,plan,prepare,make upone smind,try ones best,offer,apply,d.happen,learn,fail,pretend,refuse,afford、只能接动名词的动词2健议）,（介意）,（喜欢）,（鉴suggest,advise finish,mind enjoyappreciate赏,感激），禁止）（避免）,（忍不住），（冒forbid,avoid canthelp doing risk险），（想要）,（推迟）（放弃）,（忙feellikedelay,put off,give upbe busy于）,（值得）,（反复练习）,be worthpractise、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词3记得去做，记得做过忘记remember to do rememberdoing forgetto do去做,忘记做过了,遗憾去做，forget doingregret to do regretdoingpractise（练习）,putoff（推迟）,stop（停止），suggest（建议）等如I advisewaiting a few moredays.我建议再等几天He avoidedanswering myquestions.他避而不答我的问题He consideredgoing tosee Paulin person.他考虑亲自去找保罗Marys motherenjoys listeningto music.玛丽的母亲喜欢听音乐The mankept lookingat her.这个人不断地看她Would youmind helpingme forafewminutes您抽几分钟帮我个忙好吗？The doctorsaid I must giveup smoking.医生说我必须戒烟考点2考查介词后接动词的用法在通常情况下，在介词后接一个动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词如How aboutgoing fora walk出去散散步如何？The Swissare cleverat makingwatches.瑞士人善于制表Excuse mefor comingback.Doctor.医生,原谅我又回来了He leftwithout payinghis bill.他没有付账就走了What didyou doafter leavingschool离开学校之后你干什么了？Before goingoutl phonedBetty.出门之前我给贝蒂打了一个后悔做过,设法去做，试着做,接着做另一件try to do trydoing go on to do事，继续做同一件事，goondoing打算做，意味着做,停下来去做，mean to do meandoingstoptodostop doing停止做,不能帮助做,忍不住做cant help todocanthelpdoing如In someparts ofLondon,missing abus meansfor anotherhour.A.waiting B.to waitC.wait D.to bewaiting A、表示未实现的愿望的动词，即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做4这些动词用plan,intend,mean,want,hope,wish,expect,had planned todo来表示只用sth./plannedto have doneWould like/love would like tohave done如:I wouldlove tothe partylast nightbut Ihad towork extrahoursto finishthe reportA.to goB.to havegone C.going D.having goneB、要接动名词的几个句型5阻止.做prevent/stop/keep sb./sth fromdoing・・・••在…花费或浪费时间或钱spend/waste time/money indoingsth.howabout/what aboutdoing在做…有困难have somedifficulty/trouble/problems indoing做...很艰难或做…很愉快haveahard/good timein doingThereisnosense/point indoing、含介词的短语6to盼望，致力于、献身于，习惯look forwardto devote...to be/get usedto于，导致，着手做，注意，谈至」，lead toget downto payattention torefer toI所指,参考，等于，能胜任，属于equal to belong to如:Mr Reedmade uphis mindto devoteall he had tosome schoolforpoor children.A.set upB.setting upC.have setup D.having setup、介词（除了）后接不定式7but如没有别的选择只好做…have nochoice but todo sth.但当前有形为动词时，后的不定式省如but dobut to.Sandy coulddo nothingbuttohis teacherthathewas wrong.A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admitA（允许）,（建议）,（禁止）,有两种用法:一

8.permit/allow adviseforbid是后接动名词，二是后接sb.+todosth、意为需要，主语是物时,用句型9need,want,require need,want,require（用动词主动形式表被动意义）+doing ingto be done不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较、不定式作宾语补足语，如:（作宾语,作宾补，宾1ask sb todosth sbtodosth语+宾补二复合宾语）类彳以动词有invite,tell,want,encourage,advise,order,requir,foce,beg,（禁止）,（警告）,（号cause,allow,permit,forbid warnremind,teach,call on召），（指望），（想要）,（depend onwouldlike/love prefer,wish,expect,hope不带复合宾语）注:（）help sbtodosth.、但使役动词的被动语态常用2let/make/have sbdosth.be madetodosth.注也译成让某人做…get sbtodosth.Though hehad oftenmade hislittle sister,today hewas madebyhislittlesister.A.cry,to cryB.crying,crying C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式3感官动词feel,see,hear,watch,notice句型感官动词+（分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完sb+do/doing/done成））1They knewher verywell.They hadseen herup fromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growingD.to growA）2The missingboy waslast seennear theriver.A.playing B.to beplaying C.play D.to playA（、的复合结构+宾+宾补作宾补的词可以是形容词、副词），4with within,out介词短语，非谓语形式）的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式表示将With todo来表示主动和进行,表示被动和完成z doingdoneThe murdererwas broughtin,with hishands_behind hisback.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to betied D.tied D、句型:5have have sbdosth,have sb/sthdoing,havesb/sth donehave sth表示两种意义请别人做,而不是主语做；意外事故引起的done如:He didnt keepon askingme thetime anylonger ashehadhad hiswatch.A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repairB（、宾语+宾补）宾6find+doing/done,keep++doing,catch sb+doing（撞见某人在做）,（察觉到某人在做）smell sb+doingHe lookedaround andcaught aman hishand into the pocketof apassagesA.put B.to beputting C.to putD.putting D、表示认为的等,常用句型（）7think,believe,consider,judge thinksbto be被认为已做了某事、+adj./n.,be consideredto havedone sth.8make oneself即用了过去分词作作宾补、句型understood/heard/known,9It issaid/可变成:reported/thought/known that...sb/sth besaid/reported to havedone sth.如Robert issaid abroad,but I don tknow whatcountry hestudied in.A.to havestudied B.to studyC.to bestudying D.to havebeen studyingA不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语1作目的状语有三种形式，可互换（不用a.todoin ordertodo,so as to doz于句首）原因不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后如b.happy,sorry,glad,sad,不定式不放在句首surpried,disappointed.如I amsorrytohear thatyour fatheris ill.结果常用..来表示未曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在C.only todo.谓语动作之后另外固定结构loo...todo,enough todo,so/such...astodo中，不定式也作结果状语在形容词后作状语，只用不定式如d.The bookis easy to read.=It iseasyto read the book.注意尾介词We findthe lakesafe toswim in.、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作2目的状语注表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词if,unless,when,一旦while,oncethough,although1time,he IImake afirst-class tennisplayer.A.Having givenB.To giveC.Giving D.Given D2I wont attendhis wedding.A.unless invitedB.if invitedC.unless inviting三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较、不定式作定语常表示用…要做和修饰+序数词”常用句型:1the have/+宾语+there be.../with todo分析以为例不定式作定语有两种关系I havehomework todo.主谓关系a.Idohomework动宾关系与构成动宾关系b.todohomework注意以Jack,do you have someclothes为例A.to washB.to bewashed分析动宾关系成立;主谓关系:成立1wash clothes2You washclothes吗？根据句意，显然不是这里的洗衣服是说话做,而不是句子的主语所以只you.能用不定式的被动式，选Bo如1He gaveme abook toread.2There arefive pairs/but Im ata losswhich to choose.根据语A.to bechosen B.to choosefrom C.tochooseD.for choosingB境，可知是有五双可供选择，即从中选而不是选51,53There arealways peopleto ifyou feellike achat.A.talk toB.talk C.speak aboutD.speak A要与构成动宾关系，要用短语to talkpeople talkto/with sb、分词作定语单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后2面过去分1They madeefforts tobring stolencultural relicsback toChina.词表被动和完成2I wantto writeabout peopleaddicted todrugs.比较a sleepingboy=a boywho issleeping;a swimmingpool=a poolforswimmingfalling leavesleaves thatare falling;fallen leavesleaves thathave fallendown发展中国家;发达国家a developingcountry adeveloped country、作定语的区别3to bedone,being done,done，这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同表将来,表同时进行To bedone being done表完成注意也表完成被动，但不用作定语done havingbeen done年非谓语动词高考真题详解2013北京】[

201324.the coursevery difficult,she decidedto moveto alowerlevel.A.Find B.Finding C.To findD.Found【答案】2B【解析】考查非谓语动词此处动词与主语为主动关系且作原因状语，故find she用现在分词句意（由于）她发现该课程很难，她就决定转到低一水平finding的（课程）匕京】[2013W

29.When wesaw the road withsnow,we decidedto spendtheholiday at home.A.block B.to blockC.blocking D.blocked【答案】3D【解析】考查非谓语动词此处非谓语动词作宾补，动词与的宾语block see之间为被动关系,构成短语故选theroadsee sb/sthdoneDo o福建】[

201322.basic first-aid techniqueswill helpyou respondquickly toemergencies.A.Known B.Having knownC.Knowing D.Being known【解析】考查非谓语动词此句谓语为因此所选非谓语动词做主语,故Will help,使用动名词，答案选C福建】[

201332.Anyone,once positivefor H7N9flu virus,willreceive freemedical treatmentfrom ourgovernment.A.to betested B.being testedC.tested D.to test【答案】5C【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略状语从句连词之后的非谓语动nee词与主句主语之间为被动关系，故选过去分词anyone湖南】[

201325.The sunbegan torise in the sky,the mountainin goldenlight.A.bathed B.bathing C.to have bathed D.havebathed【答案】6B【解析】考查非谓语动词动词与主语之间为主动关系，且表示bathe thesun进行，故选Bo湖南】[

201329.You cannotaccept anopinion toyou unlessit isbasedon facts.A.offering B.to offerC.having offeredD.offered【答案】7D【解析】考查非谓语动词先判断此处需要填非谓语动词作的后置定语；opinion再判断与动词间为被动关系，故答案选opinion offerDo湖南】[

201330.Every daya proverbaloud severaltimes untilyouhave itmemorized.【答案】A.read B.reading C.toreadD.reads8A【解析】考查非谓语动词分析句子，不难判断，该句为祈使句，故用动词原形，答案选A湖南】[

201331.warm atnight,I wouldfill thewoodstove,then setmy alarmclockfor midnightso Icould refillit.A.Staying B.Stayed C.To stayD.Stay【答案】99【解析】考查非谓语动词此处考查动词不定式表目的，意为晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满故选Co江苏】[

201324.Lionel Messi,the recordfor the most goalsin acalendaryear,is consideredthemosttalented footballplayer inEurope.A.set B.setting C.to setD.having set【答案】10D【解析】考查非谓语动词首先判断该句谓语为,故可知横线部分is considered为非谓语动词，描述主语短语与主语之间为主动关Lionel Messiset therecord0系，故选B江苏】[

201331.Shortly aftersuffering froma massiveearthquake andtoruins,the citytook ona newlook.【答案】A.reducing B.reduced C.being reducedD.having reduced11C【解析】考查非谓语动词首先判断此处是连接的之后的并列的动名and after词形式；且与主语之间为被动关系，故选reduce cityCo江西】[

201334.If tolook afterluggage forsomeone else,informthe policeat once.A.asked B.to askC.asking D.having asked【答案】12A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略状语从句连词之后省去了从句的if主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句,默认主语为;主语与动词之you youask间为被动关系，故使用过去分词答案选Ao辽宁】[

201328.Laura wasaway inParis forover aweek.When shegothome,there wasa pileof mailfor her.A.waited B.to waitC.waiting D.was waiting【答案】13C【解析】考查非谓语动词此题句型的主语后接后置定语，与there bemail wait间为主动关系,且这个动作正在进行，故选现在分词mail waitC,山东】[

201325.The roomis emptyexcept fora bookshelfin onecorner.A.standing B.to standC.stands D.stood【答案】解析原创山东省14A【解析】考查非谓语动词现在分词作后置定语，表主动进standing bookshelf行山东】[

201329.1stopped thecar ashort breakas Iwas feelingtired.A.take B.taking C.to takeD.taken电话考点3考查习惯上后接不定式的动词用法初中英语中习惯上只后接不定式（而不接动名词）作室语的动词不多，主要的有有，aaree（同音），ask（要求）Oecide（决定），expect（期待），help（帮助）,hope（希望），manaqe（设法）,offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），promise（答应），refuse（拒绝），want（想要），wish（希望）如She agreedto waitfor me.她同意等我I didntexpect tosee youhere.没想到在这里碰到你I decidedto askfor mymoney back.我决定把我的钱要回来I hopeto catchan earlytrain.我希望赶上早班火车Tom refusedto lendher anymore money.汤姆拒绝再借钱给她I wantto stayathome tonight.今晚我想待在家里Can youhelptocarry thistable upstairs你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗？另外，动词live和love表示“喜欢”时，后接不定式或动名词均可，且意思相同，如I likewatching[to watch]TV.我喜欢看电视考点4考查接不定式或动名词意思不同的动词有些动词后接不定式或动名词均可，但是意思不同，主要有以下几类值得注意:【答案】15C【解析】考查非谓语动词句意我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了此处动词不定式表目的，故选解C山东】z[

201333.atthecafeteria before,Tina didnt wantto eatthere again.A.Having eatenB.To eatC.Eat D.Eating【答案】解析原创山东省16A【解析】考查非谓语动词句意为因为以前曾经在自助餐厅吃过，再也不Tina想在那儿吃了动词与主语之间为主动关系，再根据句中可知需eat Tinabefore强调这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成体表主eat Havingeaten动完成，作原因状语陕西】[

201313.Let those in needthat wewill goall outtohelpthem.A.to understandB.understand C.understanding D.understood【答案】17B【解析】考查非谓语动词动词后接动词原形做宾补，表示与宾let understand语之间为主动关系，构成短语故选thoseinneed letsbdosth B0o陕西】[

201314.The witnessesby thepolice just now gavevery differentdescriptionsof thefightA.questioned B.being questionedC.to bequestioned D.having【答案】questioned18A【解析】考查非谓语动词首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作的后置witnesses定语；且判断动词与间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中question witnesses标志词可知动作已经完成故可选区别作后置定justnowquestion Adoneo语意为已被…的；作后置定语意为正被…的；作后置being donet bedone定语意为将被…的四川】[

20138.which universityto attend,the girlasked herteacher foradvice.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not knownD.Known not【答案】19A【解析】考查非谓语动词主语与非谓语动词之间为主动关系,故the girlknow用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词据此可知答案为此处A分词在句中作原因状语Not knowing[2013HJIIJ

10.The airportnext yearwill helppromote tourisminthis area.A.being completedB.to becompleted C.completed D.having beencompleted【答案】20B【解析】考查非谓语动词先判断出此处需要填上一个非谓语动词作的the airport后置定语；根据标志词及句意明年将竣工的机场可知非谓语动词表示next year将来动作，故选动词不定式（将被做）；而项tobedone Abeing done正在被…；项〃已被；项常作状语C D天津】[

201310.In somelanguages,100words makeup halfof allwordsin dailyconversations.A.using B.to useC.having used D.used【答案】21D【解析】考查非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中作的后置定语，与其存use words在被动关系，故使用过去分词,答案为usedD新课标卷】[2013II

5.1got tothe officeearlier thatday,the7:30train fromPaddingtonA.caught B.to havecaught C.to catchD.having caught【答案】22D【解析】考查非谓语动词根据句意，因为我赶上了的车，所以那天我更早7:30地到了办公室，可知赶车发生在到办公室之前，且与主语之间为主动关系,故使I用现在分词完成体表主动完成新课标卷】[2013I

22.They mightjust havea placeon thewritingcourse—why dontyou giveit atryA.leave B.left C.leaving D.to leave【答案】23D【解析】考查非谓语动词固定短语have sthto doo新课标卷[[2013I

35.The sunlightis whiteandblinding,hard-edged shadowson theground.A.throwing B.being thrownC.to throwD.tobethrown【答案】24A【解析】考查非谓语动词主语与之间为主动关系,sunlight throwshadows故选A浙江】[

20137.how othersreact tothebookyouhavejust readcreates anaddedpleasure.A.Hearing B.Hear C.Having heardD.To behearing【答案】25A【解析】考查非谓语动词需辨明句子结构句子谓语为，之前为主语，因creates此可以判断是非谓语动词作主语，故选动名词做主语浙江】[

201319.There aresome healthproblems that,when intime,can becomebigger oneslater on.A.not treatedB.not beingtreated C.not tobe treatedD.not havebeentreated【答案】26A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略连词之后为状语从句的省略,非when谓语动词的逻辑主语即为主句主语判断它们之间的关系treat healthproblems,为被动关系，即用过去分词即可而意为正在被…；”being donetobedone将被....重庆】[

201330.When Iwas little,my motherusedtosit bymybed,me storiestill Ifell asleep.A.having toldB.telling C.told D.to tell【答案】27B【解析】考查非谓语动词此处非谓语动词与主语为主动关系，tell mymother故用作伴随状语telling重庆】[

201334.The enginejust wontstart.Something seemswrong withitA.to goB.tohavegone C.going D.having gone【答案】28B【解析】考查非谓语动词动词之后用不定式，排除项；表将来seem CDtodo,to表完成，根据句意引擎发不动看起来好像出了什么毛病，可知答havedone案为B安徽】[

201332.in theearly20th century,the schoolkeeps oninspiringchildren slove ofart.A.To foundB.Founding C.Founded D.Having founded【答案】29C【解析】考查非谓语动词句子主语与之间为被动关系，故此the schoolfound处使用过去分词表被动并表完成动作founded福建】[

201332.Anyone,once positivefor H7N9flu virus,willreceive freemedical treatmentfrom ourgovernment.A.tobetested B.being testedC.tested D.to test【答案】30C【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略状语从句连词之后的非谓语动once词与主句主语之间为被动关系，故选过去分词anyone江西】[

201334.If tolook afterluggage forsomeone else,inform thepoliceat once.A.asked B.to askC.asking D.having asked【答案】31A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略状语从句连词之后省去了从句的if主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为;主语与动词之you youask间为被动关系，故使用过去分词答案选Ao浙江】[

201319.There aresome healthproblems that,when intime,can becomebigger oneslater on.A.not treatedB.not beingtreated C.not tobe treatedD.not havebeentreated【答案】32A【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略连词之后为状语从句的省略,非when谓语动词的逻辑主语即为主句主语判断它们之间的关系treat healthproblems,为被动关系，即用过去分词即可而意为〃正在被…〃；〃beingdonetobedone将被…〃

1.remember,forget,regretremember（iE#）,forget（忘t己），regret（后悔）后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词（可用一般式或完成式）表示动作已经发生比较Dont forgetto tellhim the news.别忘告诉他这消息I forgottelling herthenews.我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息Remember toturn outthe lightsbefore yougo tobed.临睡前别忘了关灯I rememberreading aboutit in the papers.我记得在报纸上看到过这事

2.goon其后接不定式表示接着做另一事，接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事如They wenton totalk aboutother matters.他们接着又谈别的事情They wenton talkingabout theirown matters.他们继续他们自己的事情注:goon后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词

3.try其后接不定式表示设法去做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试（看有何效果）如I11try tobe morecareful nexttime.下次我要更小心一些Try holdingyour breathto stopsneezing.试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏

4.cant help其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮忙去做某事如I canthelptoclean theplace up.我不能帮助打扫这地方He couldnthelp cryingwhen heheard thenews.他听至U这个消息时禁不住哭了

5.stop其后接动名词表示停止正在做的事情，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事如The busstopped to take onmore passengers.公共汽车停下让乘客上车He stoppedspeaking,and therewas nota soundin theroom.他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了考点5考查疑问词接不定式“疑问词+不定式”是英语中一个很有用的结构，它在句子主要用作宾语，有时也用作主语或表语如We mustthink whattodo.我们必须考虑怎么办When to leave hasnot beendecided.何时离开还没有决定The questionis howto findhim.问题是如何找到他注意，当“疑问词+不定式”中的疑问词是why时，其后的不定式不能带to如:Why notgo thereat once为什么不马一去那儿呢Why arguewith her为什么要跟她争论呢？考点6考查不定式省略to的用法不定式省略to主要见于以下情况，

1.当不定式用于let.make,have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式不能带t如I willhave herpost theletter,我要叫她去寄信Please letme knowwhat happens.请告诉我发生的事They mademe repeatthe wholestory.他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的too如She mustbe madeto complywith therules,必须让她遵守规则

2.当不企式生于感觉动词如see.hear,watch,notice,feel等后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to如I heardhim sayso.我听到他这样说I sawthe traincome intothe station.我看到火车进站了I watchedher get intothecar.我看着她上了车但是，当它们用于被动语态时，则其后的不定式必须带to如:The womanwas seento entera bank,有人看见这个女人进了一家银行

3.当不定式用于动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to当然也可以带to如They helpedus tomove it.他们帮我们搬动它I canhelp tocookand washup.我可以帮忙做坂和洗碗考点7考查不定式用作宾语补足语能后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词很多，但中考英语中经常涉及的只有少数几个，即ask.tell,order usewant.warn,wish等如:He askedmetoget thecar ready.他叫我把车准备好The doctortold meto giveup smoking.医生儿我戒烟He orderedus tobe quiet他命令我们安静People usea knifeto cutthings.人们用刀切东西He warnedme not to goingout atnight.他警告我不要晚上出去My parentswanted metohavea goodeducation,我的父母想要我受到良好的教育注意，动词hope习惯上不用于以上类似表达，所以当表示汉语“希望某人做某事”时，不能用hope sbtodosth如o史密斯先生希望他所有的学生都能考及格误MrSmith hopesall ofhis students topass the test,askyvarammarcom正Mr Smithhopes thatall ofhisstudentscan passthetest.考点8考查不定式作目的状语当非谓语动词用作目的状语时，通常要用不定式，一般不用动名词或分词如I stavedthere tosee whatwould happen.我留在那里看看会发生什么事Eat tolive,butdonot liveto eat.要为了活着而吃饭，不要为了吃饭而活着当需要强调时，可在不定式前加上in order或so as如oIn ordertogetintoagoodschool.Imuststudy evenharder.为了考入一个好的学校，我必须更加用功Ill writedown histelenhone numberso asnottoforcetit我要把他的由话号码写下来，以免忘记考点9考查不定式在特殊搭配中的用法英语中有不少特殊结构要与不定式搭配，下面略举几例

1.在too...todosth（太.....以至于不能）结构中，动词习惯上要用不定式如He istoo oldtodoany work..他太老了，不能做工作了We aretoo tiredto goany farther.我们太累了，不能再往前走了He istoo wisenot seethat.他是那样聪明，不会看不到这一点

3.当序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后接动词作定语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式如She was the first to arrive.她是第一个到达的H isalways the firsttocome andthelasttoleave他总是第一个来，最后一个走Who wasthefirstperson toclimb Everest第一个登上埃佛勒斯峰的人是谁？如果不是序数词，而是形容词last,next等，情况也一样如Miss Greenwasthenext personto arrive.格林小姐是下一个到的人考点10考查现在分词在特殊搭配中的用法英语中有不少特殊结构要与现在分词搭配，下面为同学们归纳几例

1.用于find sbdoingsth,表示发现某人在做某事如He foundher cryinginthecorner.他发现她在角落里哭He foundthe lostchild hidinainthecave.他发现这个丢失的小孩躲在山洞里

2.用于catch sbdoingsth,表示逮住（撞见）某人在做某事。