高考英语考点复习之宾语、定语、状语从句讲义

高考英语考点复习之宾语、定语、状语从句宾语从句

一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句

二、连接词that:I thinkthat you can passthe exam.Whether/if:I don t knowwhat theword means.“What”:I don,t knowwhat theword means.I don t knowwhere hefound thebook.只用的情况whether与连用

1.or notIdon t know whetherit sraining ornot.与动词不定式连用

2.He doesntknowwhether toaccept theinvitation.连接词前有介词时

3.It dependson whetherhe iscoming.

三、时态主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定（各种时态均可）

1.She wantsto knowwhat hehas donefor theexam..主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态2）l She said that she wasa student.-以便，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can,could,may,might,shouldLet stake thefront seatsso thatwe maysee moreclearly.in orderthat-为了，与相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，sothat如等can,could,may,might,shouldSchool wasclosed earlyin orderthat thechildren mightgo homeahead ofthe storm.for fear that-生怕；为了防止某事发生He tookthe namedown for fearthat he shouldforget it.in case一万^kYou shouldbring adictionary in case youneed it.Lest-以防万一The mandecided totell hisboss thefact lesthe wouldbe angrywith him.让步状语从句

7.引导让步状语从句的连词有Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though…虽然和可以互换,但常放在句首可以用于倒装although thoughalthough ThoughAlthoughit wasraining,the planemanaged totake off.Though hedid hisbest,he didnt succeed.As---尽管引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装可与互换as thoughBusyas he is,he nevermisses afootball match.Even if/even though—即使Even ifyou dont likeyour boss,you shoulddo yourwork.However—不论，引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装howeverHe couldnt get there on time howeverfast hedrove.No matterwhat,when,where,how…无论什么，何时，何地，怎样He wouldnt forgiveme nomatter howhard Ibegged him.Whatever—不管Whatever otherpeople maysay,she wont changeher mind.While—尽管While I have sympathyfor you,I can t helpyou.Whether一不管，常与连用r notWhetherheisgood ornot,the companydecided tosend himabroad.方式状语从句

8.方式状语从句常由as,as if,as thoughas一与一样Do inRome asthe Romansdo.as if,as though一仿佛，由或引导的从句中可用虚拟语气as ifasthoughShe stoodat thedoor asif=as thoughshe werewaiting forsomeone.）2She said that she would flyto Japanin aweek.）3Shesaidthatshehad finishedher homeworkalready.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时

3.态The teachersaidthat the earthgoes roundthe sun.定语从句

一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句

二、先行词先行词指人who/that先行词指物which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法”….的”Whom:先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语），与的区who别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1.This isthe teacherwhom\who welike best.

1.1dontlike the boy to whom you are talking.Whose:指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harry istheboywhose motheris ourmath teacher.关系代词只能的特殊情况that.先行词前有序数词修饰时1This isthe firstgift thatmy parentsbought me..先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时2This isthe mostexciting filmthat Ihave everseen.先行词是不定代词等时.

3.something,anythinge.g.Is thereanything thatyou wantin thisshop先行词是人和物时，用

4.that.e.g.He talkedabout somewriters andbooks thatwere unknownto usall.先行词被（就是,正是）,等词修饰时,只能用

5.all/ittle,the only,the verythe lastthate.g.This isthe lastplace thatI wantto visit.特殊疑问句以或开头，只能用引导.

6.who whichthatWho isthe girlthat ismaking aspeech onthe platform当关系代词前使用介词时物+介词人+介词+which;+whom当关系代词前使用介词时e.g.

1.This isthe trainby whichwe wentto Beijing.

2.This isthe teachertowhommy motheris talking.状语从句、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子时间状语从句地点状语从句

二、状语从句一般分为八大类原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句时间状语从句LWhen---当……时候’通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生When Iopened thewindow,I sawhim comeup.When—正在的时候，突然…通常主句是进行时或时，在翻译的be aboutto时候，可以译成没想到或突然whenI waswalking alongthe street,when Imet him.当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满WhenSomeone knockedat thedoor whenI washaving breakfast.When=afterWhen thechildren hadgone tobed,she beganto prepareher lessons.While…在……期间，往往指一段时间While wewere inAmerica,we sawhim twice.While―表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等We arecleaning theclassroom whilethey areplaying thefootball.As-—边一边，随着She wasdoing herhomework asshe waslistening to the music.As-当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时As Iwas goingout,it beganto rain.The moment---就=as soonas,immediately,---Did youremember togive Marythe moneyyou owedher---Yes,I gaveher themoment Isaw her.Not-**until-直到才He didnt leavethe officeuntil hefinished thework.Before-在……之前The passengersshould arriveat theairport anhour beforethe flightdeparts.After一在之后The customerleft the ticket counterafter hehad aquarrel withtheticketagent.Since一自从……,通常主句用现在完成时Ihavenever beenthere againsince Igraduated fromthe university.It isjust aweek sincewe arrivedhere.As soonas-就Jack wentto schoolas soonas hegot well.No soonerthan-就no sooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely•••when***No soonerhad hearrived thanhe wentaway again.Once-—但就Once yousee him,you willnever forgethim.Every time,each time每次每当Each timehe cameto town,hewouldvisit ourschool.条件状语从句

2.引导状语从句的连接词有如果,除非,只要“据所知，万一,If unlessas long as As so far as—incase假如,若是，以…为条件provided thaton condition thatIf---如果If youdonthurry up,you willmiss theplane.Unless——如果不,除非二if notWecantgetthereontimeunless webook theearliest flightAslong as-只要We willsucceed aslongaswe keepon trying.Assofaras-据所知As faras Iknow,he speaksEnglish verywell.In case-假使，如果The planecannot takeoff incase itrains.Provided that如果，有时省略thatThe planewill bein goodcondition providedthat itis takencare ofcarefully.On conditionthat-条件是…He saidthathewould cometothe meeting onconditionthatno oneasked himtospeak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时If hearrives tomorrow,I willbe waitingfor himattheairport.地点状语从句

3.地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere一在……地方Where there is awill,thereisa way.Wherever一无论哪里Wherever youare,I willbe rightthere waitingfor you.原因状语从句和这六个连

4.because,as,since,now that,considering that,seeing that词都用于表示表示原因，但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because-因为，通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smithwas veryupset becausehe couldnt findhis luggage.As-因为，通常放在句首As heis honestand modest,all hisfriends likehim.Since---既然因语气较弱，常译为既然（众所周知的原因）Since everybodyhas come,we canset off.---既然Now thatyouarehere,youcanjoin us.considering that---顾及到Considering that they arejust beginners,they aredoing quite a goodjob.seeing that一由于Seeing thatquiteafew peoplewere absent,we decidedto putthemeetingoff.结果状语从句

5.引导结果状语从句的连词有that,so that,so…that…such・・・that So•…that—太以至于后面应用形容词或副词，有时省略只用so so that喷气炸弹.Boeing747is solarge thatpeople liketo callit jetbombSo that—因而，以便，为了有时可以省去soSpeak louderplease sothatthepeople atthe backcan hearyou.Such•••that---—太以至于用法与相同，但后面应用名词so…that suchTheforeign visitorwas sucha fastspeaker thatnobody couldunderstand him.目的状语从句

6.引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,in orderthat,forfearthat,lest。