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句子成分什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分句子成分由词或词组充当现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语英语的基本小分有七种主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）＞状语（adverbial）和补语（complement）o英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础英语五种基本句型列式如下一S V（主+谓）二S VP（主+系+表）三S V0（主+谓+宾）四S V00（主+谓+间宾+宜宾）五S V0C（主+谓+宾+宾补）基本句型一S V（主+谓）主语可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy）,主格代词（如you）,动词不定式，动名词等主语一般在句首注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做不及物动词,句后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从等S|V（不及物动词）
1.The sun|was shining.太阳在照耀着
2.The moon|rose.月亮升起了宇宙长存
3.The universe|remains.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝
4.We all|breathe,eat,and drink.管它呢？
5.Who|cares他所讲的没有什么关系他
6.What hesaid|does notmatter.们谈了半个小时
7.They|talked forhalf an hour.这支笔书写流利
8.The pen|writes smoothly基本句型二s VP（主+系+表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整’勺意思这类名词叫做连系动词系动词分臂be,look,keep,seem等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表示变化be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用其它系动词仍保持其部分词义感官动词多可用作联系动词look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻S|V（是系动词）|P
1.This|is|an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典
2.The dinner|smells|good.午餐的气味很好
3.He|fell|in love.他堕入了情网
4.Everything|looks|different.一切看来都不同了
5.He|is growing|tall andstrong.他长得又高又壮
6.The trouble|is|that theyare shortof money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱
7.Our well|has gone|dry.我们井干枯了
8.His face|turned|red.他的脸红了There be结构There be表示存在有这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物试比较There is a boythere.（那儿有一个男孩）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里基本句型三S V0（主+谓+宾）此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整这类动词叫做及物动词宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如:me,him,them等S|V（及物动词）|
01.Who|knows|the answer谁知道答案？
2.She|smiled|her thanks.她微笑表示感谢
3.He hasrefused|to helpthem.他拒绝帮他们
4.He enjoys|reading.他喜欢看书
5.They|ate|what wasleft over.他们吃了剩饭
6.He|said|Good morning.他说早上好！”
6.1I want|to have a cupof tea.我想喝杯茶
8.He|admits|that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误基本句型四S Vo0（主+谓+间宾+直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如give给,pass递，bring带，show显示这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前一般的顺序为动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如:Give mea cupof tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语如Show thishouse toMr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语如:Bring ittome,please.S|V（及物）o（多指人）|（多指物）
1.She|ordered herself|a newdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳
2.She|cooked|her husband|a deliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐
3.He brought|you|a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典
4.He denies|her|nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝
5.1showed|him mypictures.我给他看我的照片
6.1gave|my cara wash.我洗了我的汽车
7.1|told|him|that the bus waslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了
8.He|showed|me|how torun themachine.他教我开机器基本句型五S V0C（主+谓+宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整语£3语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语名词/代词宾格+名词The warmade hima soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+形容词New methodsmake thejob easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+介词短语I oftenfind himat work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式The teacherask the students toclose thewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格+分词I sawa catrunning acrossthe road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.S|V（及物）（宾语）I C（宾补）
1.They appointed|him|manager.他们任命他当经理
2.They painted|the door|green.他们把门漆成绿色
3.This|set|them|thinking.这使得他们要细想一想
4.They|found|the house|deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住
5.What|makes|him|think so他怎么会这样想？
6.We|saw|him|out.我们送他出去
7.He|asked|me|to comeback soon.他要我早点回来
8.I|saw|them|getting on thebus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）我们称之为定语、状语
一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用……的表示定语通常位于被修饰的成分前若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如:somethingnothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后副词用作定语时须放在名词之后形容词作定语The littleboy needs a bluepen.（little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔Tom isa handsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩There isa goodboy./有个乖男孩数词作定语相当于形容词Two boysneed twopens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生There aretwo boysin the room./房间里有两个男孩代词或名词所有格作定语His boy needs TomVspen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔His nameis Tom./他的名字是汤姆There aretwo boysof Tomsthere./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩介词短语作定语The boyin the classroom needs a penof yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔The boyin blueis Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆There aretwoboysof9,and threeof
10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩名词作定语The boyneeds a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔It isaball pen./这是一支圆珠笔There isonly oneballpenin the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔副词作定语The boythere needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔The bestboy hereis Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom不定式作定语The boyto writethis letterneeds a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔The boyto writethis letteris Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做分词（短语）作定语The smilingboyneeds a penbought byhis mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔The penbought byher ismade in China./她买的笔是中国产的There arefive boysleft./有五个留下的男孩定语从句The boywho isreading needsthe penwhich youbought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔The boyyou willknow isTom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆There arefive boyswho willplay thegame./参力口游戏的男孩有五个
二、状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如often）或程度（如almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如The boycalls thegirlin iheclassroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩（此时in theclassroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩（此时in theclassroom为地点状语），最好写作In theclassroom,the boycalls thegirLV副词（短语）作状语The boyneeds a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔（程度状语）The boyneedsverymuchthepenbought byhis mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔（宾语较长则状语前置）The boyreally needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔（程度状语）The boyneeds apen now./Now,the boyneedsapen./The boy,now,needsapen.”孩现在需要一支钢笔（时间状语）介词短语作状语In iheclassroom,the boyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔（地点状语）Before hismother,Tom isalways aboy./在母亲面前，汤姆总是一个男孩子.（条件状语）On Sundays,there isno studentin theclassroom./星期天，教室里没有学生.（时间状语）分词（短语）作状语He sitsthere,asking for apen./他坐在那儿要一支笔（表示伴随状态）Havingto finishhis homework,the boyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔（原因状语）Frightened,he sitsthere soundlessly./（）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿（原因状语）不定式作状语The boyneedsapen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业（目的状语）To makehis dreamcome true,Tom becomesvery interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语Come thisway!徒这条路！（方向状语）状语从句时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语如We studentsshould study hard./（students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生，）We allarestudents./（all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们）
四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分（注意区别于分词独立结构）感叹词oh,hello,aha,ah,等肯定词yes否定词no称呼语称呼人的用语插入语:一些句中插入的I think,I believe,等如The story,I think,has nevercome to the end./我相信，这个故事还远没结束》，词，表示说话人的语汽（多作为修饰全句的状语）perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等
五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致！否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构例错句Studying hard,your scorewill goup.正确
（1）Studying hard,you canmake your score goup.或
（2）If youstudyhard,your scorewill goup.解析错句中分词studying没有自带哼辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score.显然做study的应是人，不应是yourscore（分数）.正确句⑴更正了句子的主语，使其与分词逻辑主语一致（同为you）;正确句
（2）则使用条件分句带出study的主语,（不过已经不是分词结构了）分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过4There being../的场合不能省略.如Game beingover,he wenthome.He standsthere,book beingin hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语入副词或名词等如:With nothingtodo,he fellasleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了The teachercame in,with glasseson hisnose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜（注意，此句on hisnose不可省略！）句子成分练习题
（一）
（一）.指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）1The teacherwith twoof hisstudents iswalking intotheclassroom.2There isan oldman cominghere.3The usefuldictionary wasgiven bymy motherlast year.4To dotodays homeworkwithout theteachefs helpis verydifficult.
（二）选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）1I dontlike thepicture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall2The daysget longerand longerwhen summercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer
（3）Do youusually goto schoolby busA.Do B.usually C.go D.bus4There will be ameeting at the librarythis afternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.the libraryD.afternoon5Did thetwins haveporridge for their breakfastA.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast6Tom didntdo his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.hishomework7What I want totell youis this.A.want B.to tellC.you D.is8We hadbetter sendforadoctor.A.We B.hadC.send D.doctor
⑨He isinterested inmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music⑩Whom did you givemy book toA.give B.did C.whom D.book
（三）挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
①My brotherhasnt donehishomework.
②People allover theworld speakEnglish.
③You mustpay goodattention toyour pronunciation.
④How manynew wordsdid youlearn lastclass
⑤Some of thestudents in theschool wantto goswimming,how aboutyou
⑥The oldman sittingatthegate saidhe wasill.
⑦They madehim monitoroftheclass.
⑧Go acrossthe bridgeand youwill findthe museumon theleft.
⑨You willfind ituseful afteryou leaveschool.⑩They didntknow whoFather Christmas”really is.
（四）挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The oldman wasfeeling verytired.
②Why ishe worriedabout Jim
③The leaveshave turnedyellow.
④Soon Theyall becameinterestedin the subject.
⑤She was the firstto learnabout it.
（五）挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They useMr.and Mrs.with thefamily name.
②What is your givenname
③On thethird lapare Class1and Class
3.
④I amafraid somepeople forgot to sweepthe floor.
⑤The mandownstairs wastrying tosleep.©lam waitingforthesound ofthe othershoe!
（六）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likesthe childrento readnewspapers andbooks in the reading-room.
②He askedher totake theboy outof school.
③She foundit difficult todothe work.
④They callme Lilysometimes.
⑤I sawMr.Wang geton thebus.
⑥Did yousee LiMing playingfootball onthe playgroundjust now
（七）挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There wasa bigsmile onher face.
②Every nighthe heardthe noiseupstairs.
③He began to learnEnglish whenhe waseleven.
④⑤The manonthemotorb汰ewastravelling toofast.
⑥With themedicine boxunder herarm,Miss Lihurried off.
⑦She lovesthe librarybecause sheloves books.
⑧I amafraid thatif youvelost it,you mustpay forit.The studentsfollowed UncleWang tosee theother machine.
（八）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）1Please tellus astory.2My fatherbought anew bikefor melast week.
（3）Mr.Li is going to teach ushistory nextterm.4Here isapen.Give itto Tom.5Did heleave anymessage forme句子成分练习巅
（二）指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分
1.Whether wellgo dependontheweather.
2.Peoples standardsof livingare goingup steadily.
3.That washow theywere defeated.
4.The nurserytakes goodcare ofour children.
5.T11return thebooktoyou tomorrow.
6.We aresure thatwe shallsucceed.
7.The womanwith ababy inher aimsis hisother.
8.There aremany filmthat Idlike losee.
9.Have youmet theperson aboutwhom hewas speaking
10.1havealot ofwork todo.
11.Anyway Iwont stopyou fromdoing it.
12.I saidit infun.
13.We cansend acar overto fetchyou.
14.She had to workstanding up.
15.Seeing this,some comradesbecame veryworried.
16.Much interested.he agreedto giveit atry.
17.The busarrived tenminutes late.
18.We shouldserve thepeople heartand soul.
19.Spring comingon,the treeturned green.
20.Some farmerssaw somethingstrange in the sky.
21.We thinkit necessarythat everyoneshould attendthe meeting.
22.Its strangethat shedoesnt cometoday.
23.It wasinthelibrary thatI cometoday.
24.He likesdrawing atlimes whenhe isntworking.
25.We leftin sucha hurrythat wvforgottolock thedoor.句子成分练习题
（三）A
1、six yearssince Ibegantostudy English.A.It is B.I havebeen C.There areD.It was
2、intheroom atthat time.A.Nobody wasB.Someone wereC.Who isD.He are
3、ITS verynoisy outside.isgoingonA.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
4、in Englishin classevery dayis important.A.Speak B.Talking C.Saying D.To tell
5、There must be nearthe factory.A.a book store B.bookstoreC.books storeD.books stores
6、Although itsraining hard,_____are stillworking inthe fields.A.but theyB.and theyC.they D.since theyB1The doctoras wellasthenurses greatconcern forthe patients.
1、show B.shows C.have shownD.are showing
2、Your sonmustbea cleverboy,heA.isB.isnt C.must D.mustnt
3、The computercenter,last year,is verypopular amongstudentsinthis school.A.open B.opening C.opened D.being opened
4、I gototheshop today,for there isalot offood athome.A.mustnt B.hadto C.cant D.neednt
5、Dont excited.A.get B.is C.seem D.look6This roomevery morning.A.is cleaningB.is cleanedC.cleans D.cleaningC
1、Glad tomeet you!isyourfull nameA.What B.Where C.How D.Who2^He isto liftthe heavybox.A.too weakB.weak tooC.enough weakD.weak enough
3、The daysare warmerand warmerin spring.A.getting B.looking C.seeming D.going
4、His jobis English.A.teach B.toteachC.taught D.teaches
5、Two ballsare.A.under thedesk B.inthe wall C.to hereD.at desksD
1、We shouldget readyothers.A.helping B.to helpC.help D.help with
2、interesting workwe aredoingA.What aB.How C.What D.What an
3、Iwanta teacherwhen Igrow up.A.to beB.toC.be D.being
4、-Would youlike to go ona picnicwith metoday-I dontthink so.To behonest,I reallydont feellike ona picnic.A.going B.togoC.go D.went5Do youknowA.where doeshe liveB.where he livesC.where helive D.if wherehelives6Let doit again.A.I B.me C.he D.she7I dontknow.A.how todo B.what todo C.where todo D.when todoE
1、I sawhim basketballwith Jackanhourago.A.plays B.to playC.played D.play
2、Sorry,weve keptyou fora longtime.A.waited B.sing C.stand D.waiting
3、The teachertold uslate again.A.arent beB.dont beC.not tobe D.not be
4、We findtheroomvery.A.warm B.warmly C.terribly D.hardly
1、I founddifficulttowork togetherwith him.A.it B.its C.that D.those
2、We allknow ourduty toclean ourclassroom afterschool everyday.A.that B.this C.which D.it
3、He foundvery interestingto playwith thelittle dog.A.what B.it C./D.thatG1Tom saidhe agood dreamyesterday evening.A.dream B.dreamed C.have D.has2Children ahappy lifeinChina.A.lead B.living C.has D.leadingH1America,Japan andCanada arecountries.A.developing B.developed C.less developedD.develop2-skirt isthat onthe chair-Let mesee.Oh,no,it*snotmine.A.Whose B.What C.Whos D.Which3Do youhave anythingA.saying B.to sayC.said D.say4Look,thereisan_____tree bythewall.A.apple B.apples C.apples D.apples5Where isseatA.yours B.your C.you D.yourselvesI1The boxis heavyfor hercarry.A.very;to B.too;not toC.too;to D.very too;to2-didyoubuy thenew bag-Last Monday.A.Where B.How C.When D.Who3You cansee thesesigns ina hospital.can yousee themA.Where elseB.Where placeelseC.Where elseplace D.Else where4They wentout theirold friends.A.visit B.visiting C.to visitD.visited5There isa wideriver ourvillage.A.outside B.over C.from D.belowJ1The youngman,works inthe office.A.me brotherB.my brotherC.my brothersD.me2Our Englishteacher,often helpsus withstudy.A.Mrs.Wang B.Mrs.Wang C.Mrs.Wang*s.D.of him3,some railwayworkersare busyrepairing thetrain.A.Them B.He C.They D.Theirs。
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