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情态动词归纳表情态词义用法注意事项特殊用法Vcan could
1.表具备某种能力Can表现在能力;Could表不过去能力.可用
(1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不1耐烦等be ableto代替;was/were ableto to表示成(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气)功做了某事Can/Could thisbe true
2.表请求和允许
①请求用could语气委婉
②允许不用could.
(2)can not---too\enough表示“无论怎样
3.表“可能性”
①can用于否定和疑问句(could不限)
1.表请求和允许
①请求用might语气更委婉1may/might well+V原形表完全可
②允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示允许能,,很可能”=be verylikely to:He maywell时不用might)o beproud forhis son.
2.表可能性“也许”此意常用于肯定句(might可能最小)2may/might aswell+V原形”最好,满可以,倒不如”3表祝愿固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”May youYoumay aswell stayhere overnight.succeed!must
1.表“必须”
①must多表主观、现在/将来义务;have to多表客观、过去义务
(1)表示必然结果
②mustnt表禁止;否定用neednt/dont Allmen mustdie.人固有一死have to
(2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦只用于肯定句在否定句/疑问句中用
2.表推测“肯定是、的感情色彩,可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”can/could准是”If youmust know,her nameis Mary.will would
1.表意愿,决心等Would此时为win过去式,无意义差别
(1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一定会得到执行)或允诺You willreport tome
2.表经常性,习惯性,Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对afterwards/命令)They willget enough倾向性,于used t无“现已无此习惯”之义)money fromme.(允诺)
3.表功能,性质叙述真理The treewill leavewithout water
(2)可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问for3months.句)(此时would比will委婉)Dont gonow,此意表对目前事物的预料That willbe thewillyou
4.表估计“想必,大postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在;
(3)woul短语would rather/would prefer概”(只时态区别)w川表示现在/将来)丁愿;would like/would love喜欢/想要(见
5.表“请求/要求此意用于疑问句,常与you连用Will you注意
①))Will yougive mea pieceof papershall
1.表征求意见(“好用在第
一、三人称Shall thereporters wait点2其他示例shant不好”)outside orwhat Heshall havethe bookwhen Ifinish
2.表允诺、威胁、警用于第
二、第三人称reading.允诺告、命令或根据规定Passengers shallnot talkwith thedriver whileYou shallfail if you don*t workharder.警有义务做the busis moving告
3.表规章、法令、预用于所有人称You shallcome atonce.命令言“必须”Every competitorshall weara numbershouldought
1.表示道义上的责有时表示劝告You ought to/should pay
(1)should用于疑问句中表示说话人对to任,义务或要求,more attentionto whatyour lawyersays.某事不能理解,惋惜,感到意外,赞叹,愤2,表示推测和可能肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强This pen怒、惊异等感情,意为“竟会”,有时也用性,是“(按理说)应ought to/should beyours.于陈述句中该”之意
(2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从
3.表示说话人的一此意常用于第一人称时句,表k件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是种谦逊,客气,委婉You aremistaken,I shouldsay.(依我看你完全没与可能,相当于“万一”的意思(见的语气是搞错了)注意
②)高考热点透视热点一表猜测的情态动词的用法对过去事情词形使用场合对现在和未来的推测的推测must肯定句must+动词原形must have donemay/might肯定句、否定句may+动词原形|may/might have donecan/could否定句、疑问句can/could+动词原形can/could have done用来表示一种估计的情况should肯定句、否定句、疑问句should have done“按理会/估计会should+动词原形热点二情态动词+have done情态动词+have done的用法有两种含义
1.对过去情况的猜测由表猜测的情态动词+have done构成上表已经提到
2.表示与过去事实的主观设想有轻微的责备、后悔之意请参看下表情态动词+have done用法例句must have done对过去进行推测表“想必、、准是一定做了“The lightwere out.They musthave beenasleep.can havedone否定、疑问句中,表“怀疑和不肯定”He cant have forgottenit.canthavedone Canhe have gone tohis auntscouldhavedone表“本来可以做某事的(却没有)否定表“不You couldhavedonebetter,but youwere toocareless.可能”couldnt havedoneMr wangcouldnt havegone toBeijing,fbr Isawhim justnow.might havedone表“本来应该或You mighthave givenme morehelp,though youwerebusy.可以/能做某事的(却没有)should/ought to用于肯定句中时,You should/oughttohave beenmore careful.havedone表示“本该做某事“,而实际上未做;用于否You shouldnthave spokento yourparents inthis定句中时丁则表示不该做的事反而做了way.neednt havedone表示做了本来不必The weatherturned outfine.You neednthave takenyourumbrella with you.去做的事had better havedone表示“当时做了某事就好了”,其否定句表相You hadbetterhavestarted earlier.反的含义You hadbetter nothave quarrelledwith her.would rather have表不“当时宁愿I wouldratherhavetaken heradvice.done做了某事”,其否定句表相反的含义两者都I raisedobjections atthe meeting,but nowI would表“后悔”之意rather nothavedonethat.Would like/love to表示愿意做某事,但未做成I wouldlove tohavegoneto theparty lastnight,buthave doneI hadto workextra hoursto finisha report.热点三shalb will,must等
1.Shall
①用于第一人称疑问句中表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求例一The roomis sodirty.we cleanit一Of course.(03上海春招)A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do
②用于第二人称陈述句表示说话人或他人的意图、命令、允诺、警告、命令等彳列“The interestbedivided intofive parts,according tothe agreementmade byboth sides,declared thejudge.(04重庆,24)A.may B.should C.must D.shall
2.Will
①表示意愿或意志例I arguewithyou.
②当主语是物时,则表示“不起作用例The drawershut.
3.Must表“必须、一定要例一Who isthe girlstanding overthere一Well,ifyouknow,her nameis Mabel.(02,天津)A.may B.can C.must D.shall。
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