英语写作手法课件

英语写作手法）（明喻）Simile:It i s a fi gu re o f s peec h whichm ak es a c omp ar isonb etw een twounlik e elem e nts h aving atleast oneq ua1ity orchara ct e rist（特生）ic t in common.To m ake thecomp arison,words like as,as•as,as i f andlik e a reus e d totr a nsfe r thequality we明喻（asso ciate withone to the other sim）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对照，表明本体i le和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对照中浮现常用比喻词li ke,等a s,a s if,a s thoughFor examp1e,As c o1d waters to a thirs ty soul,so i s g oo dnew sfroma f a rco u ntr y./Thi s elep hant is likea snake asanybodycan see.…文档交流仅供参考…）（暗喻）2M et apho r」It i s1ikea simile also makes ac ompariso n between two uni i ke e1emen ts,but u nlike a sim ile,th i s comp arison i s implied ra t（蜿蜒）Itisamildf omi of irony,hinting in a rather roun da bou tw ayatsomet hi（不一致）（不赞叹）n gdispa ragi n g o r uncomplimen tarytothe personor subj ect m e ntione doFor example,the weathermans aid it w ou Idb e w orm.He mustt akehis ina bathr oom.…文档交流仅供参考…s rea ding）（讽刺）16S arc asmIt Sar casm is a st rong form of irony.It attacksina tauntingandbittermanner,and its aim is to disparage,ridicule andwound the fe e li n g s oft h e s u bjec t attackedoFo r example,la ws are1i kecob webs,whic hmayca tc hsmallfli es,but letwas ps+收小庐川/升关史r…文档父流仅供参考…break t hrough.）（似非而是的隽语）17Para dox:It is afigur e of sp e echconsis t ing o fasta tem ent or propos i ti o nw hic hon the fac eof itseem s self-contradictory,ab surdor cont rary t oes tabl is hed fac t or practice,b utwh ich on furthert hinkingand studyma yprove tobe true,well-founde d,a n d ev en to cont aina succinctpo int.F orexampl emore haste,1e ssspeedo…文档交流仅供参考…）（矛盾修饰）18O xymoron（结合）is a compr es sedpar a d ox,formed byt he conjoi n ing11（不协调）of two contrast in g,con tradictory o r incong ruous termsas inbitter-sweetmemories,o（混舌）（侮rderly ch aos Land proudhumilit y辱）12°…文档交流仅供参考…）（对照）19Ant i thes is:It isth edeliber atearrangementofcon tr as t i ngwo rd s or ideas inbala needstructural f orms to a chi ev e empha s is.Fo rexa mple,s pee chiss ilver;silen c e isgo1den.…文档交流仅供参考…）（警句）20Epigram:（有利地）（强烈It stat esasimpl etrut hpi thily a nd pungently地）.It isu s ually tersea ndarouses interestan dsurpri s eby itsdeepinsight mtoce rta i nas pectso fh umanbe h a vi or orf eelinfeelfor the poor.…文档交流仅供参考…g.For instance,Few,save thepoon）（渐进）21Climax:It isderived fromthe Greekwordfor lad dn dimpli esthe progres si onof t ho ugh tat aunifo r mo r almost uniformrat eof sig nificanc e or intensity,li kethe steps of a1a dd erasc en di nge venly.Fo rexample,I c ame,I saw,I c°nqu ered…文档交流仅供参考…）（突降）22Anti-climax orbathos:It isthe oppos it eofC1i max.It inv oIve ssta ting ones t ho ughtsi na de sc endingorder o f signif icanceo rinten sity,from s trong to wea k,from we igh tytolightorfrivolous.For instance,B ut tho usan dsdie,hat,die,…文档交流仅供参考…（赋予）without ort his ort andendowacollege,or acat.）（顿呼）23A postroph e（Inthisfigure ofspeech,athing,place,i dea orp ers on dead or absen）tis addressedasifpresent,li stening andunderst an di ngwhat isb e i ngsa id.For instance,England!awake!awake!awake!十档交流仅供参考…）（转类形容词）24Transferred Epit h et（It is a fig ureo fsp eec hwh ere an epi thetan adjective or de script）iv ephrase istransferr ed fromthe noun i ts ho uld rightly modify（修饰）…文档交流仅供参考…to anothert o whic hitd oe s notreally a ppi yor belongFor instance,Iospent siesse Pl…文档交流仅供参考…nigh ts onm yprojec t.）（头韵）25AlliterationIt hasto dowit hthe sound rather than the s enseo fw ords fore f（间fecto It isa device that repeatsthe same sound atfrequent intervals隔）and sin c ethe soun drepeated isusually the initial conson antsound,it isalso ca1le drh r…文档交流仅供参考…i nstance,th efoir breezebl ew,t he whi t e头韵foam flew,thefu rrowfoil owed free.法’八…文档交流仅供参考…在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词alliter ation或者词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或者声音，以增..文档交流仅供参考…强语言的节奏感.How an d why hehad cometoPrinceton,New Jersey isastor yof struggle,…文档交流仅供参考…s ucc ess,and sadness.）拟声26Onom ato poe ia:11isadevicethatus eswo rds whichimitate thesoun ds madeby anobjectan im ateori na nimat e,o rwhic har eassocia tedw ithor提示的拟声suggestive o fso meacti on or movement onomat co是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的pocia声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力文档交流仅供参考…、1On the root of the scho olhous esome pigeons weresof11y cooing•…文档交流仅供参考…在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着、2S he brought meinto touch with e verythi ng th atcoul dbe reachedo r feIt-------sunlight,the…文档交流仅供参考…ru st ling of silk,th enoises of inse cts,t hecreaking ofadoor,the voice ofa1ove done....文档交流仅供参考…她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嘎声呀，亲人的说话声呀E g:O n theroot of the schoolhouse so mePigeonsweresoftly cooing./She文档交流仅供参考…b rou ghtme into touchwit he verything tbereac hed orfie It——sunlight,thehat could rustling…文档交流仅供参考…of silk,the noises o finse ct s,the creaa door,t hevoi ceo f alovedki ngofone-…文档交流仅供参考…叠言27r het ori ca1r epeti tion这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相允许义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量、1It mu stbe cr eatedby thebio odandt hewor ko fall ofuswho bee fu tu re,who…文档交流仅供参考…lieve in thbel ieve in man andhis glo rious man—ma dedest iny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造、2••.Becausegoodtechniqueinmedicine and surgerymeans moreq uick1y-c uredPat ien®…文档交流仅供参考…1ess pain,les sd iscom fort,1essd eath,less dis easean diess deformity.…文档交流仅供参考…因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废通感28syn esthesia是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受Somebooksaree tobe tast ed,oth ers tobswallowed a nd somefew tobe chewed and dige sted.…文档交流仅供参考…0有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的书是“尝不出滋味的也是不能“吃吓去将其“消化掉的.这里把读书中的精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和神奇隐喻这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是herthanstated.metaphor直接将用事物当做乙事物来描与，甲乙两事物之文档交流仅供参考间的联系和相似之处是暗含的F orexample,t hewor1disastage./T hedi amond depa rtmentwas theheart and ce nterofth est…文档交流仅供参考…））（类比）3Analogy:11isa1soa fo rmof comparison,but unlikesi mileor met apho rwhich usuallyusescomparisonononepoint ofresemblance,analog ydraws ap aralle1betw eentwo unliket hings t hat have severa1c ommonqualit iesorp oints ofr esemblance.文档交流仅供参考…）（）4Personification:®AIt giveshuman form of fee1ingstoanimals,orlife and persona1（赋予）（无生命的）at trib utesto inan imateobjects,or to（抽象）拟人（）这种ideas and abstrac tions personif ica tion修辞方法是把人类的特点、特界事物之上，使之人格化，以物性加于外文档交流仅供参考…拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一.、1She mayhav e一te nsofthousand ofbabies in onesu mmerFromW atchingAnt o个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子这里用和把蜜“she”“babies”蜂比作人类妇女的生育.F orexample,the windwhi stledth rough thetr ees.文档交流仅供参考）（夸张）5Hyp er bole:It isthe deliber ateuse of overs tatem entorexaggeration toachie v.夸张（）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言eemphas ish yperbole词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果1Myblooalmost diedlaughing.…文档交流仅供参考…我的血液都凝固了d froze Forin stance,h eo）（涵蓄陈述）6Und erstatement:It isthe oppositeofhype rbol e,oroverstatemen toIt achi eves itsef fect ofemp hasi zing af actby deli（故意地）berately unde rstati ng it,impr essingth e listeneror thereader moreby wh atis merelyimplied or1ef tuns aidthan bybare打六声statement.心八»笑幺7…文档交流仅供参考…For instance,Itisno1aughing matter.）（委婉）7Euphemi sm:（冒犯）It isthesubstitution of anagreeab1eorinoffens ive^cex press ion forone thatm ayoften dor suggest some t hingunp leasant.For insta nce,to”die weref eras”pas…文档交流仅供参考…）（转喻）8Me tonymyIt isa figureofsp eech that hasto dowiththesubstitu ti on of the mane ofon ethin gfor thatof anotherFor借代instance,thepenwordsismightierthan theswordf orces.met是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，于是常用onymy一种事物名称代替另一种…文档交流仅供参考…其中、1S ever a1y ears1ater,wor dcamethat Napoleonyh hims elfw ascoming toinspect th em..…文档交流仅供参考…o几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们在这里代替了（消息、word”“news,in form atio信息、2Al spoke w ith his eyes.艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”“说应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思）（提喻）9S yn ecdocheItisinvolv esthesubstitutionofthepa rt for the whole,orth ewhole提喻（for the part.s yn ecdo）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或者以全体喻指che部份，或者以抽象代具体，或者以具体代抽象文档交流仅供参考.、1Th eGr eat Wallwas madenotonl yofsto nesandea rth,b utofthefl eshandbloo dofmillions ofmen长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的句中的喻为（巨大的牺“thef1esh andb loodthe great sacrifice”牲）F orinstance,t heysay theresbre adand workfor a

11.Sh ewas dressedin silkso文档交流仅供参考）（换喻）10Antonomasi aIth asal soto dowith su bstitution.Itisnoto ften ment ionednow,t houghit isstill infr equentuse.For example,Solom on for a wiseman.Dan ie1for a wise andfeir judge.Jud asforatraitor.）双关语11PunIt isa playon w ords,or rat hera playon theform and meaningof双关语是以一个词或者词组，用巧妙的办法同时wo rds pun把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果Na poleon wasasti theryou aremad,or Iam,a redo“Bot iedt一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵heSwede proudlyBoth都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役.Forinstance,acann on-bal1took offhis1cgs,so he1aid down hisarmso Heastwo mean ings；ap ersons bodyweapons carr iedby asoldier./Napoleonwasastonished Either文档交流仅供参考…一you aremad,ore declared.Both,si r!”cr iedtheSw ede proudly.”词一,口双…文档交流仅供参考…关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役）一语双叙12Syllep sisIth astwo connotations.In thefirst case,itisa figureby whichaword,orapa rti cularform orinfl ectionof…文档交流仅供参考…awor d,refers to two ormo rewords in the samesent ence,wh ilepr ope rly app1ying toorag re eing withon1yonof句法them ingr ammarorsyn taxForexampl e,He address edyou and me,andd esiredustofol1ow himHere usisused torefe rto youand me.I nthesecondcase,it awo rd mayr efertotwo or more wordsinthesame sentence.For exa mple,while hewasfighting,and1osinglimb and mind,anddy ing,othersstayed behindto pursue educa tion and care er.H ereto losingoneslimbs in literal;tolose onesmind isfigurative,andme ansto gomado文档交流仅供参考...辗式搭配13Ze ugma:It isasin glewor dwh ich is ma deto mod ifyortogove mtwoormorew ordsint he samesen tenc e,withe rproper lyapplying ins enset oonlyone ofthem,ora ppiyin gtot hemind iff erent se nseSoF orexample,The sun sha11no tbum y°u byday,nor the.文档交流仅供参考.moon bynight.H ere noonis notstrongenough burn文档交流仅供参考）反语14IronyIt isa fig ureofspeechthat achievesemphasis by sayingthe opposi teof whatismeant,theintende dmeaning ofthewords beingtheo ppo siteo反语是指用涵蓄的褒义词语来表示其反ftheir usuals ense.i rony面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果We11,ofcou rse,I knewthat gentlemen1ikeyo uca rryonl y1a rgenot…文档交流仅供参考…啊，固然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为实则“gentleme“beggar”而已…文档交流仅供参考…For instance,weare lucky,what yousa idmakes mefeel real g°°d•…文档交流仅供参考…）（暗讽）15In nu en do:。