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海至语fKK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO人物whose定语The boywhose fatheris adoctor studiesveryhard.他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦The classroomwhose windowis openis mine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室时间when状语I stillremember theday whenyou leaveforBeijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天状语地点whereThis isthe schoolwhere mymother works.这就是我妈妈工作的学校状语原因whyCould youexplain thereason whyyou werelate你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法（关系代词作宾语时可省略）
1.that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语This isthe penthat youare lookingfor.这是你要找的那支钢笔（宾语）The girlthat has long hairis my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹（主语）
2.which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语The bikewhich ismade inTianjin sellswell.天津产的自行车销售很好（主语）The fishwhich webought werenot fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜（宾语）
3.who,whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语The boywho brokethe windowis calledTom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom.（主语）The personto whomhe is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲（宾语）
4.whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语The girl whose bagis newis calledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann（指人）0He livesin ahouse whosewidows opento thesouth•他住在窗户朝南的那所房子（指物）
三、只用which不用that的情况
1.在介词后只用which,不能用thatoThis isthe banku\which therobbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行
2.先行词本身是that时，只能用which,不能用thatThe clockis that which tellsthe time.钟表是用来报时的
四、只用that不用which的情况
1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用thatoThis isthe mostbeautiful mountainthat I have seen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山
2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用thatThe TiestEnglish novelthat Iread wasThirty-nine Steps.我读的第——本英文小说是《39级台阶》
3.先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,the only,the very,the last等修饰词时只能用thatoHere areall the books that I have.这就是我所有的书This isthe onlybook that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书
4.先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时，只能用thatFinally,the thiefhanded ineverything thathe hadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西
5.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用thatoI canremember thepeople and some pictures thatI saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画
6.先行词是the one时，只能用thatThis isthe onethat youwant.这就是你想要的
7.在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用thatWho isthe girlthat isstanding there站在那边的那个女孩是谁？
五、在介词后只能用whom,不能用whoThe girlto whomI talkedjust nowis fromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的
六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致（我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系）Tom isone ofthe boyswho arefrom the USA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个Tom isthe onlyboy that is fromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩
七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时.，要加介词或副词（定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前）He isthe oldman who/whom welooked afterlast year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人That isthe bookwhich Iam lookingfor.那就是我要找的书
八、关系副词when与where的使用:
1.when指时间I willnever forgetthe timewhen weworked onthe farm.我》各永远不会忘i己我们在农场劳动的那段时光
2.where指地点（where=in等介词+which）This isthe housewhere（=in which）he livedlast year.这是他去年住的房子
九、定语从句与作定语的
①动词不定式、
②介词短语、
③现在分词短语、
④过去分词短语的转换She hasmuch workthat shemust do.=She hasmuch workto do.她有许多要做的工作The manin thecar isMr.Green.=The manwho isin thecar isMr.Green,ft车上的人是格林先生The girlwatering flowersthere ismysister.=The girl who iswatering flowersthere ismysister,在浇花的女孩是我妹妹The boysaved inthe riverhas comeback to life.=The boywho wossaved inthe riverhascome backtolife.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、There arelots ofthings Ineed toprepare beforethe trip.（河北省卷）A.who B.that C.whom D.whose
2、Jim dislikespeople talkmuch butnever doanything.（吉林省通化市）A.whom B.when C.whose D.who
3、一I hearSam hasgone toQiandiao forhis holiday.（江苏省南京市）-Oh,how nice!Do youknow whenheA.left B.was leavingC.has leftD.had left
4、We aretrying tohelp thosechildren losttheir parentsin Yushu,Qinghai Province.（浙江省衢州市）A.which B.when C.who D.whose
5、Do youknow the girl issinging inthe classroom（湖南长沙）A.who B.which C.when一一Yes.They arehelping thepeople aresuffering fromthe earthquake.
6、——The volunteers are doinga greatjob inYushu.（江苏省扬州市）A.which B.what C./D.who
7、Have youfound theanswer tothe questionasked youthismorning（四川省成都市）A.when B.what C.that
8、Friends arethose makeyou smile,always opentheir heartsto youAwhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwhoand encourageyou tosucceed.（河南省）
9、I beganto workin Shanghaiintheyear HongKongwas returnedtoChina.（湖北省十堰市）A.that B.which C.whereD.when10This isthe schoolI studiedthree yearsago.（山东省荷泽市）A.where B.when C.that D.which（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）
11、一What doyou usuallydo inyour leisuretime一I enjoyreading inthe libraryIlose myselfin aworld ofgood books.A.which B.that C.where12—The villageI visitedlast yearhas changeda lot.（福建省福州市）一一Reallyl hopeto gothere onday.A.where B.which C.who D.when
14、The oldwoman is wearing apair ofglasses Mrs.Black.A.that B.who C.when13This ismy beautifulschool isnear thefamous library.（广西省桂林市）A.which,are B.who,are C.who,is（黑龙江省鸡西市）15Do youlike musicmakes yourelaxed（广西省定西市）A.it B.what C.who D.that【语法过关】
1.一一Do youlike thepop singer--No,I preferthe singercan singfolk music.A.which B.who C.whereD.how
2.The man iswearinga bluejacket isJims uncle.A.who B.whom C.whichD./
3.Do youknow the young ladyyour motheris talkingA.who B.whom C.with whom
4.-----Does theteacher knoweverybody plantedthe treesD.whichA.which B.whose C.where D.who
5.The letterI receivedfrom himyesterday isvery important.A.who B.where C.whatYes,he does.
6.-----Where isthe scientistgave usthe talkyesterdayD.thatA.whom B.who C.whose D.He hasgone backto QinghuaUniversity.which
7.I hatepeople talkmuch butdo little.A.whose B.whom C.which D.who
8.r mlooking at the photographyou sentme withyour letter.A.who B.whom C.which D.it
9.I hatepeople dont helpothers whenthey arein trouble.A.who B.which C.they
10.——Barbara,where doyou work--1work fora companysells cars.A.which B.where C.whatD.who
11.Do youknow the young ladyyour motheris talkingA.whoB.whomC.with whomD.which
12.The letterI receivedfrom himyesterday isvery important.A.who B.where C.whatD.that【参考答案】
1.B［解析］考查学生对定语从句中引导词的掌握定语从句中先行词是人时用who引导
2.A.［解析］考查学生对定语从句先行词是人且引导词在从句中作主语，故用who引导
3.C.［解析］本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，故应选C
4.D.［解析］本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适
5.D.［解析］本题考查定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适
6.B.［解析］本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适
7.D.［解析］本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适
8.C.［解析］本题考查定语从句的用法句中的先行词是the photograph,同时在定语从句中作宾语，故关系代词应用which其答案为Co
9.A.［解析］本题考查定语从句的用法句中的先行词是people,同时在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词应用whoo其答案为Ao
10.A.［解析］作定语从句的引导词，which可修饰物，who指代人，that指人或物定语从句修饰company,选用whichoHo答案C解析先行词为theyounglady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，故应选C
12.答案D解析因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适定语从句请看下面的句子I wantto know the boywho isthe tallest.句子做定语修饰boy
（一）概念定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词
（二）定语从句的分类I、限定性定语从句从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整与先行词之间不用逗号e.g:This isthebookthat/which Iwant.II、非限定性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性从句一般用逗号同主句分开e.g:Mr.Green,who iswatching TV,ismyuncle.Mary isag^.rlwhhaslong hair.先行词关系代词关系副词
（三）（限定性）定语从句的结构whose,that where,when,why词定语从句which,who,whom,
（四）定语从句的实质二句合Mary is a gi合并为一个句子She haslong hair.思路:（保留先行词）舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替（合并条件人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）舍去部分）Mary is a girlwho/that haslonghair.请把下列句子二句合一
3.The mancalled thepolice.His walletwas stolen
1.Isawthe man.He closedthe door
（五）定语从句关系词的确定
2.The girlis happy.She wonthe racea.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语一^^人who/that
2.先行词做宾语物which/that人who/whom/that
3.先行词做定语物which/that人whose
4.先行词做状语when,where,物whose/of whichwhywho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.The manwho/that is speaking atthe meetingis aworker做题思路先分解一一分析一一再合并分解The manis aworker.The manisspeakingatthe meeting.।作主语Whom/that作定语从句的宾语The womanis a teacher.The womanwhom/that theywanted tovisit is ateacher.They wantedvisit the woman.作宾语注意关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose作定语从句的定语.I know the girlwhose motherisateacher.I know thegirl.The girls motherisateacher.作定语小结关系词判断步骤首先,要辨别出先行词如果先行词是指人，关系词可能就用who,that whom,whoseo如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who,that whom,that whose物which,thatwhich,that whose,of which巩固练习用适当代关系词填空
1.Ihavea friendlikes listeningto classicalmusic.
2.Yesterday Emilywas wearingthe newdress Igave her.
3.The manleg brokein amatch usedto bea footballplayer.六只能用that,不能用which的情况1先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,the one等不定代词时；2先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only,the very,the last,any,few,little,no,all,one of等修饰时3先行词为数词或被序数词含last修饰时4先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时5在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复口诀不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则
1.Here issomething thatI willtell you.
2.We havent gotmuch thatwe canoffer you.
3.Is itthe onethat youwant
4.This isthe mostinteresting storythatIhave everheard.
5.I canremember wellthe personsandsomepicturesthatI see.
6.Which isthe bikethat youlost
7.Who isthewomanthat waspraised atthemeeting七只能使用which的情况
1.关系代词前有介词时；
2.先行词本身是that时；
3.非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急，介词提前逗隔离e.g:1,This isthe classroomin whichwe studiedfor twoyear.
2.She hastwo dolls,which arefrom herparents【定语从句命题趋势与预测】根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一其考查重点为
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】
一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句
1.通常只能用that的情况1）当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,the only,the very,the last等修饰时3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that【考彳列】WiIhoul friendship,one canI behappy alLhoughhe isrich enough.As forme,I willnever forgetthe daysI spentwith mydearest friend.［哈尔滨市］A.that B.when C.who［答案］A［解析］在定语从句中，引导词who（指人）which（指物）that（指人或物）由先行词the days作spent的宾语可判定用that引导
2.通常只用which的情况⑴引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容⑵引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that⑶如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导【考例】Many youngpeople lovethe songshave greatlyrics.［成者B市］A.who B.those C.which［答案］C［解析］考查定语从句定语从句的引导词有which,who,where,that,故排除B,who指人，又排除了A,先行词是物，故选C
二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句
（1）如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all（指人）等作先行词，作主语用who,作宾语用whomwho而不用whicho⑵在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,whoo
（3）在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom；非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+which/whom”结构【考例The mangaveus atalk onscience yesterdayisafamousscientist.［广东省］A.who B.whose C.whichD.whom［答案］A［解析］本题考查定语从句的关系代词先行词为the man,指人，排除which；连接代词在从句中作主语，排除whose和whom故本题选who一Do youknowthemanisrunning alongthe street-Yes.He isour Englishteacher.［长沙市］A.who B.which C.whom［答案］A［解析］考查定语从句限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系who,有时用that（作主语时用who较多）
三、考查关系副词where when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中where=in/at+which；when=at/in/during+which；why=for+whicho⑴关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词
（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词⑶关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词【考例】（2009•绵阳中考）Disney isan amusementpark youcan findall thenormal attractionsandDisney moviesand characters.A.which B.where C.that D.when答案B点拨此题考查定语从句先行词为an amusementpark指地点，故关系词用whereo
五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom〃，且两个关系代词均不能省略介词的选择要遵循两个原则根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定【考例】Do youknowtheyoungladyyour motheristalking湖北黄石A.whoB.whomC.with whomD.which［答案］:c［命题立意］:本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法［试题解析］:先行词为theyounglady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，故应选C【语法回顾】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词定语从句放在先行词的后面引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose或关系副词when,where,关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分关系代词、作用先行例句副词词主语、人Do youknowthegirlwho/thatisstanding underthat,who,a tree你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗whom（只做宾语、表语）that,which主语、宾She gota computerwhich/that herparents语、表语bought forher.她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑物、时间、地点、原因。
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