考城隍Chenghuang知识点梳理汇总

考城隍予姊丈之祖宋公，讳煮，邑縻生一Chenghuang xiucai日病卧，见吏人持牒，牵白颠马来，云“请赴试”公言“文宗未临，何遽得考？”吏不言，但敦促之公力病乘马从去，路甚生疏，至一城郭，如王者都移时入府廨宫室壮丽Yamen,上坐十余官，都不知何人，惟关壮缪可识檐下设几、墩各二，先有一秀才坐其末，公便与连肩几上各有笔札俄题纸飞下，视之有八字，云“一人二人，有心无心”二公文成，呈殿上公文中有云“有心为善，虽善不赏无心为恶，虽恶不罚”诸神传赞不已召公上，谕日“河南缺一城隍，君称其职”公方悟，顿首泣日“辱膺宠命,何敢多辞？但老母七旬，奉养无人，请得终其天年，惟听录用”上一帝王像者，即命稽母寿籍有长须吏捧册翻阅一过，白“有阳算九年”共踌躇间，关帝日“不妨令张生摄篆九年，瓜代可也”乃谓公“应即赴任，今推仁孝之心，给假九年及期当复相召”又勉励秀才数语二公稽首并下秀才握手，送诸郊野，自言长山张某以诗赠另，都忘其词，中有“有花有酒春常在，无烛无灯夜自明”之句U公既骑，乃别而去，及抵里，豁若梦寤时卒已三日，母闻棺中呻吟，扶出，半日始能语问之长山，果有张生于是日死矣后九年，母果卒，营葬既毕，浣濯入室而没其岳家居城中西门里，忽见公镂膺朱幢，舆马甚众登其堂，一拜It was a longtimebefore hecan spoke.Then herefered toChangshan,and knewtherewas reallya man called Zhang died onthat day.Nine yearslater,his motherreally died.After his mothers funeral,Mr Songtooka shower,and gotin hisroom,died.Mr Songsfather in lawlived around the city7s westdoor.His familysuddenly sawMrSong wasin a magnificent uniform,followed bya teamofcarriages andmen.He visitedhis father in lawshome,then left.They were all surprised,didn71know hehad becomea town god.They askedaroundthevillage,and knewMr Song had gone.MrSong hadhis autobiography,but wasn71handed overthe war.This isonly amain idea.Record ofTranslation Process考城隍Title of the Text:中文Source Language:英语Target Language:表现宋生的孝顺Subject of the Text:（未知）Supposed TargetReaders:让读者能够了解中国文化，尤其是孝Function of the TargetText:城中一个叫宋涛的秀才，死后受到赏识，被Content of the Text:任命为一方城隍但出于对母亲的孝心，他恳求在母亲去世后在赴任关底感动了，答应了他的请求让他还阳神话小说Style registeredof theText:Difficulties intranslation:查找改篇的现代汉语译文，发现古今有序有a.Preparatory phase:差别，所以不能直接对照汉语译文翻译、中国古代较之国外复杂的家族亲属关系b.During theprocess:1较难翻译，如“予姊丈之祖宋公”、古代专有名词，需要借助现代汉语理解，再翻译如“见吏2人持牒”的“牒”、中国古代诗歌向英文翻译很麻烦，如“一人二人，有心无3心”本意是有两个人，一个故意，一个无意但这样翻译显得过于冗杂，所以翻译成了what if a man do something deliberatelyor carelessly.、这篇古文有很多内容是关于死亡的，译文中的英语要注意用4词、亲属翻译可以查到，如〃姊丈〃译为Solutions:1brother inlaw,岳父译为fatherinlaw、古代专有名词先借助现代汉语理解，在翻译成对应的英语，2如“牒”意思是通知，因为requisition、避讳死亡的英语有很多，如等4pass awaygone beno more百度有道Dictionaries,glossaries andinternet resources:两个小时Time needed:汉翻英与传播中国文化汉翻英的过程，给我的总体印象是无知者无畏我们由于对英文不像对母语那样熟悉，翻译起来反而有些肆无忌惮再加上英语本身对外来文化的包容性，就使得我们在翻译过程中，犯了一些错误拼音化的中国专有名词，给我们的印象尤为深刻像等等给我们的印象似乎是只要是专Chenghuang,Xiucai,Yamen,有名词都可以拼音化然而，事实当然不是如此中国专有名词的拼音进入英语，其实只是近年来的事像豆腐的英文还有饺子其实豆腐的英文应该是Toufu,Jiaozi,bean curd,而饺子应该是这一现象其实是随着中国与国际社会dumplings的互动加深而出现的但这当然不代表所有的汉语拼音都能进入英语之中因此传播中国文化还是应该本着自愿的原则，不可强求如果外国人觉得是精髓，就会自己吸收理解，像孔夫子，就被音译成了并被广为接受Confucius,我们后来看到并为之喝彩的一篇译文还是由外国作者撰写的，里面的府廨就被翻译成了很具现代感的而非apartment,Yameno以此，在一篇中国古文翻译中，泛滥地使用拼音化的专有名词，再在文末加以大量注视的做法是不可取的外国读者需要完全依赖注视来读懂作品的化，翻译就没有意义了，他们完全可以自己查因此，中外文化的交流并不是简单的词汇互通，而是更深层次的相互理解，比如思想和文化上的下面举例无论是中国还是国外，对于死亡一词都是十分避讳的例如，在汉语中就有仙逝，仙游，乘鹤西去，长眠，驾崩,薨，殁（没）等讳语而与之对比，英语中也有die,gone,pass away,fulfill ones等是对死destiny,pass fromthis life,kick the bucket Passaway亡一种较为平和的表达方式，多数情况下对应中文的去世；另一个有趣的情况是描述死亡的一词在英语中最初的意思是走，gone而在汉语中“走了”也有去世的意思，中西方的战士在通报战友；的阵亡时都会不约而同地选择走了或而一gone kickthebucket词在外国文化中则显得略带贬义，相对应的，幽默的中国人也有“翘辫子”这一说需要明确的是，在等级制度森严的中国古代封建社会，死亡的讳语往往与形容的对象有关，像驾崩，薨显然是用来形容帝王的；而仙游，乘鹤西去则多用来缅怀德高望重的长者；殁（没）的死亡方式大多悲壮，如“没于阵中”用来形容战死沙场的将军再合适不过了而在西方，死亡往往与宗教联系在一起，如fulfill等等ones destiny,pass fromthis life因此，外语学习不仅是要了解外来文化，更是要作为双方沟通的桥梁因此，我们不能一厢情愿地想去传播中国文化，而应该首先去了解外面的世界，了解如何才能用外国人的方式让他们理解中国而行相共惊疑，不知其为神，奔询乡中，则已殁矣公有自记小传，惜乱后无存，此其略耳我姐夫的祖父宋先生，名煮，原是本城的一位秀才有一天,他生病躺在床上，忽然，看到一名衙门的公差，手里拿着一张通知单，牵着一匹头上有白毛的马走来对他说“请你去参加考试！”宋先生说“主考的学台老爷没有到，怎么能突然进行考试呢？”差人也不回答，只是不断地催促他宋先生只好勉强骑上马，跟随他去走的路都是非常陌生的，不久，他们便来到一座城市，如同帝王所居住的京城一样不多时，他们进入一座衙门宫殿建筑宏伟华丽，堂上坐着十多位官员，都不知道是些什么人，其中只有关帝是认识的衙门的殿廊下摆着桌、凳各两个已经有一位秀才坐在那里的下位上宋先生便与他肩并肩坐下每张桌子上都有笔和纸一会，便送下有题目的卷纸来，一看上面写着八个字:“一人二人，有心无心”他们俩把文章做成后便呈送上去宋先生的文章中有句话，说“有的人故意去做好事，虽然是做了好事，但不应给他奖励；有的人不是故意做坏事，虽然做了坏事，也可以不处罚他”各位官员在传阅中不住地称赞他们便把宋先生召唤到殿堂上去，对他说“河南那个地方，缺一位城隍，你去担任这个职务很合适宋先生一听，这时才开始明白过来，J连忙跪下去，一边叩头一边哭着说“我能得到这样荣耀的任命，怎么敢再三推辞呢？但我的多岁的老母，身边无人奉养请你70们允许在她去世之后，我再听从你们的任用”堂上一位好象是帝王样的人,立即命令查看他母亲的寿禄有一位留着胡子的官吏，捧着记载人寿禄的册子看了一遍，说道“她还有阳寿九年”他们听后正在犹豫不决，想不出办法时，关帝说“没有什么关系，让姓张的先代理九年，到了期限，他再去”于是，堂上人对宋先生说“本应该让你立即到任的，今从仁爱孝敬之心考虑，给你九年的假，到了期限还得叫你去说完,又对那位秀才勉励了J几句二位先生叩头后走下殿来，秀才拉着宋先生的手，一直送到郊外，并自我介绍说“我是长山地方人，姓张还将自己做的诗赠给宋先生留作纪念可是，宋先生把整首诗忘记了，只记得中间有“有花有酒春常在，无蜡无灯夜自明”两句宋先生骑上马就告辞而去，当他回到村里时，就好象是从梦中醒过来一样可是到这时，他已经是死去三天啦宋先生的母亲听到棺材里有呻吟声，便赶快把他从里面扶出来过了好半天，宋先生才能说出话来他打听长山那个地方，果然有姓张的这个人，已经在那天死去了自此以后的第年，宋先生的母亲果然到时候便死去了9丧事发送完毕之后，宋先生洗完了澡，走进屋子里也死了宋先生的丈人家住在城中西门里，忽然，看到宋先生一身新官服，身后跟随着许多车马人员丈人家里人都非常惊奇，不知宋先生已经成了神，做了城隍他们急忙跑到宋先生家里去打听消息、，原来，宋先生已经死去了宋老先生自己记有小传，可惜战乱后没有保存下来，这只不过是个大概吧Examination for the Positionof ChengHuang®Mr.Song,the grandfatherof mybrother-in-law andwhose

②first name was Tao,was aLinsheng,One day,when he

③was lyingin bedwith sickness,a Yachaiwith anotificationin hand,leading a horse withwhite forehead,said:Pleasetake theexam.5But Mr.Song said:The examiner hasnt comeyet,why shouldI gothere soearly TheYachai didntexplainanything,only tourge himto setout.Mr.Song mountedthehorse,regardless ofillness.After goingby anunfamiliar route,they arrivedat acity seeminglike acapital forthe emperor.After awhile,he wasled toamagnificentpalace.There wereadozen ofofficials sitin the hall andMr.Song recognized

④nobody butGuan Zhuangmiu.Two sidetables withseats

⑤were placedunder theeaves ofveranda.A Xiucaihadalready tookhis seat,so Mr.Song tookanother.Soon theexaminationpaper flewdown,there wereonly eightwords onit-one personor two,with purposeor not/They handedonthe articleafter finishedit.It containedthe followingexpressionin Mr.Songs article/A man does goodthingdeliberately shouldnt be rewardedwhile a man doesbadthing carelessly could beforgiven.J Afterreading that,everyofficial wasfull ofpraise forhis ideaand summonedhim onstageto tellhim/Now weneed aChenghuang forthe southareaof YellowRiver,and you are qualifiedforthe position/Mr.Song suddenlyrealized wherehe was,bowed hisheadimmediately andwept/So honor am Ito take this responsibilityandhow dareI refuseit Butconsider thatmy seventy-yearsold motherneeds me to take care ofher,I begyour disposaltobe delayedtill shepass away.5Among themwereamanwho lookedlike aemperor,he askedan officialto checktherest daysof Mr.Songs mother.The officialwith longbeardedbrought theBook ofFate andsearch throughit,he saidthatshe stillhave9years tolive.All ofthem hesitated,GuanZhuangmiu said:‘Mr.Zhang mightas welltake thatpositiontemporarily,then after9years couldMr.Song takeit over.5So hesaid toMr.Song:You shouldhave takethepositionatonce,but weconsider ofyour filial,you aregranted tofulfillthe responsibilityasason first.After9years wewill summonyouagain/He alsoencouraged thatXiucaiwith afew words.Both ofthe candidatesbowed theirheadsand leftthe palace.The Xiucaitook Mr.Song bythehand andsent himto outskirts,introduced himselfasMr.Zhang whocame fromChangshan.He gave Mr.Song apoetryat parting.Mr.Song cannotremember itall,but initoccurred thiscouplet:With flowerand wine,spring shallneverdie;No candlesand light,the nightalways bright/The farewellfinallycame asMr.Song mountedthe horse.When arrivedhome,he feltlike that he suddenlywoke up from a dream.Then hefound himselfdied three days ago.His motherheardthe groanand helpedhim outofthecoffin,it wasa longtimebefore he could speak.Mr.Song inquiredabout Changshan,indeed amancalled Mr.Zhangdiedthat day.Nine yearsfled,his motherdid passaway.After heldher funeral,Mr.Song tookashower thendied in the chamber.His father-in-laws familylivednear inthe westgate ofthe county,and onthat daytheysuddenly sawMr.Song wearinga goldenrobe anda vermilioncrown,with numerouschariots andhorses followed.Heentered thehall andgave akneeling saluteand thenleft.They werevery astonishedat this,not knowingthat hehadbecome aChenghuang.They hurriedto askaround thevillagethen knewhe wasalready gone.Mr.Songhadanautobiography writtenby himself,but itwas lostduring thewar.This isonly asummary ofhis story.

①a deitywho isin chargeof affairsin acity atown,ora3village

②an officerwho getsallowance fromgovernment forhisacademic performance.

③an officialmessenger

④the posthumousname ofGuan Yu,he isa generalin theThreeKingdom period.

⑤one whopassed theimperial examinationat thecountylevel inthe Mingand QingdynastiesThe Examfor TownGodMy brotherinlaw/s grandfatherwas calledSong Tao.Heused tobe one ofthescholars inour city.One day,when heliedon bedbecause ofsickness,he sawa policeofficer holdingarequisition camein,followed byahorsewhose headhad whitefurs,and said,Please followme toparticipate in an exam.MrSong said,The chiefexaminerhasntarrived,how canwe startanexam Theofficer didntanswer him,just urgedhim onand on.Atlast,Mr Songrode on the horse and followedhim.The waytheytook wasvery unfamiliar.After ashort time,they arrivedinacitylike thecapital theemperor livedin.Shortly,they cameinto aspectaculardepartment.There weremore thanten officersin itshall.But Mr Song didn/t knowwho theywere,except Guan Yu,the greathero inChinese history.The departmenthas twodesksand twochairs inits hall.Papers andpens wereon thedesks.Another scholarhad alreadysat ononeofthem.Mr Songwent tositbeside him.After that,the papersthat hasquestions weresentto them.The questionwas whatifamandosomethingdeliberately orcarelessly.The twomen handedon theirpapersafter theyhad completedtheir articles.Mr Songsaid inhis article,amandoes goodthingdeliberatelyshouldntberewarded whileamandoesbad thingcarelesslycouldbe forgived.The officersinthe hallpraised onthis continuously,so theycalledMr Song tothefront ofthehall,and said to him,One areaof Henandidn/thave atowngod,youaresuitable forthis place.Finally,Mr Songunderstoodwhat hadhappened.He kneeledimmediately andsaid,crying,How couldI rejectthis honorableoppointment butmyold motheris overseventy yearsold anddont haveotherman totakecare.Please allowmetotakethisposition aftermy mother has passedaway.One officerseemed likean emperor,immediately orderedtoconsult tohismother/s book of fake.One officerthat hadbeardhold thebookoffake andsaid,she stillhas nineyears/life.Hearing this,all menwere inhesitation andhad nosolution.Atlast,GuanYusaid,It doesn/t matter.Let Mr Zhang takeagencyfor hisposition.After hismotherhasgone,hecouldaccept thisappiontment.So officerssaidtoMr SongYou shouldhave takenyourposition immediately,but yourfilial pietygot youa nineyearsholiday.Then theypraised MrZhang.After that,the twoscholarsbowed andreturned tothe backofthehall.Mr ZhangholdMrSong/s handand sawhim offintheoutskirts ofthe city.MrZhangintroduced himselfthat hecame fromChangshan,andhis familynamewasZhang.He alsogaveMrSong hispoetry aspresent.But MrSong cantremember anyofthepoetry.He canonlyremember oneword init,With flowersand wine,the springneverdie;No candlesand light,the nightalways bright.Mr Songrodeonthehorseandsaid goodbyeto him.When hereturned tohisvillage,he feltlike hewas wakeupfromadream.At thistime,he foundedthathehad beendied forthreedays.When hismotherheard ofthe groanfrom thecoffin,she helpMrSongtoget outimmediately.。