TOEFL托福阅读真题篇

TOEFL托福阅读真题精选篇为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧托福阅读真题1PASSAGE50The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States wasresponsiblefor sweepingchanges inattitudes towardthedecorative arts,then consideredthe minoror householdarts.Its focuson decorativearts helpedto induceUnited Statesmuseumsand privatecollectors to begin collectingfurniture,glass,ceramics,metalwork,and textilesin the latenineteenth andearly twentiethcenturies.The factthatartisans,who werelooked onas mechanicsor skilledworkersin theeighteenth century,are frequentlyconsidered artiststodayis directlyattributable to the Arts and Crafts Movementof thenineteenth century.The importancenow placedonattractive andharmonious homedecoration can also betracedto thisperiod,when Victorianinterior arrangementswererevised toadmit greaterlight and more freelyflowing spaces.A managedBrecognizedC opposedDjustified

4.The wordthese in line11refers toAsitesB candidatesCdecadesD sanctuaries

5.The passagementions theMonterey Bay National MarineSanctuarylines13-14as anexampleof asanctuary thatAis notwell knowBcovers a large areaCis smallerthan theFagatele BayNational MarineSanctuaryDwas notoriginally proposedfor sanctuary status

6.According tothe passage,when was the NationalMarine Sanctuaries ProgramestablishedA before1972B after1987C one hundred yearsbefore nationalparks wereestablishedDonehundredyears afterYellowstone NationalParkwas established

7.According tothe passage,all of the followingareachievements of the National MarineSanctuaries ProgramEXCEPTA thediscovery ofseveral newmarine organismsBthe preservationof connectionsbetween individualmarine speciesC theprotection ofcoastal habitatsDthe establishmentof areaswhere thepublic canobservemarine life

8.The wordperiphery inline24is closestin meaningtoAdepthB landmassCwarm habitatDouter edge

9.The passagementions which of the following as athreat tomarine areasoutside the UnitedStatesA limitationsin financialsupportB theuse ofmarine speciesas foodCvariability ofthe climateDincreases intourismPASSAGE51BCADB DADD托福阅读真题3PASSAGE52In theearly1800s,over80percent ofthe United Stateslabor forcewas engagedin agriculture.Sophisticatedtechnology andmachinery werevirtually nonexistent.Peoplewho livedin the cities andwere notdirectly involvedin tradeoftenparticipated insmall cottageindustries makinghandcraftedgoods.Others curedmeats,ran bakeries,orotherwise producedneeded goods and commodities.Blacksmiths,silversmiths,candle makers,and otherartisans workedintheir homesor barns,relying onhelp offamily membersorapprentices.Perhaps nosingle phenomenonbrought morewidespread andlastingchange tothe United States societythan therise ofindustrialization.Industrial growthhinged onseveraleconomic factors.First,industry requiresan abundanceofnatural resources,especially coal,iron ore,water,一petroleum,and timberall readilyavailable onthe NorthAmericancontinent.Second,factories demandalargelaborsupply.Between the1870sandthe FirstWorld War1914-1918,approximately23million immigrantsstreamed tothe UnitedStates,settled incities,and wentto workin factoriesandmines.They alsohelped buildthe vastnetwork of canals andrailroadsthat crisscrossedthe continentand linkedimportanttrade centersessential toindustrial growth.Factories alsooffered areprieve from the backbreakingworkand financialunpredictability associated with farming.Many adults,poor anddisillusioned withfarm life,were luredtothecitiesby promisesof steadyemployment,regularpaychecks,increased accessto goodsand services,andexpanded social opportunities.Others werepushed therewhennew technologiesmade theirlabor cheapor expendable;inventions suchas steelplows andmechanized harvestersallowedone farmhandto performwork thatpreviously hadrequiredseveral,thus makingfarming capital-intensiverather than labor-intensive.The United States economyunderwent amassive transitionandthe natureof work was permanentlyaltered.Whereascottage industriesrelied ona fewhighly skilledcraftworkers whoslowly andcarefully convertedraw materialsintofinished productsfrom startto finish,factories reliedonspecialization.While factoryworkwasless creativeand moremonotonous,it was also moreefficient andallowed massproductionof goodsat lessexpense.

1.What aspect of life in the United Statesdoes thepassagemainly discussA The transitionfrom anagricultural toanindustrial economyB The inventionsthat transformedlifein thenineteenth centuryC The problemsassociatedwiththe earliestfactoriesD Thedifficulty offarm lifein thenineteenthcentury

2.Blacksmiths,silversmiths,and candlemakers arementionedin lines5-6as examplesof artisanswhoA maintainedtheir businessesat homeBwere eventuallyable touse sophisticatedtechnologyCproduced unusualgoodsandcommoditiesD wouldemploy onlyfamily members

3.The phrasehinged oninline9is closestin meaningtoArecovered fromBdepended onCstarted onDcontributed to

4.Which ofthe followingis mentionedin the passageas areason forthe industrialgrowth thatoccurredin the UnitedStatesbefore1914AThe availability ofnatural resourcesfound onlyinthe UnitedStatesB Thedecrease innumber offarms resultingfromtechnological advancesCThe replacementofcanalsand railroadsby otherformsof transportationD Theavailabilityof alarge immigrantworkforce

5.The wordlured inline19is closestin meaningtoAattractedB assignedCrestrictedD attached

6.The wordOthers inline20refers tootherA adultsBpromisesC goodsand servicesDsocialopportunities

7.The wordexpendable inline21is closestin meaningtoAnonproductiveB unacceptableCnonessentialD unprofitable

8.It canbe inferredfrom the passage thatindustrializationaffected farmingin thatindustrializationAincreased theprice offarm productsBlimited theneed fornew farmmachineryC creatednew and interesting jobson farmsDreduced thenumber ofpeople willingto dofarm work

9.What doesthe authormean whenstating thatcertaininventions madefarmingcapital-intensive ratherthanlabor-intensive lines23-24A Workershad tobe trainedto operatethe newmachines.B Mechanizedfarming requiredmore capitaland fewerlaborers.CThenew inventionswere nothelpful forall farmingactivities.D Humanlabor couldstill accomplishas muchwork asthefirst machines.

10.According tothe passage,factory workersdifferedfrom craftworkers inthat factoryworkersA wererequired tobe morecreativeB workedextensively withraw materialsCchanged jobsfrequentlyD specializedin oneaspectofthe finishedproductonlyPASSAGE52AABDA ADDBDThe Arts and Crafts Movementreacted againstmechanizedprocesses thatthreatened handcraftsand resultedincheapened,monotonous merchandise.Founded inthelatenineteenth century byBritish socialcritics JohnRuskin andWilliamMorris,the movementrevered craftasaform of art.In arapidly industrializingsociety,most Victoriansagreedthat artwas anessential moralingredient inthe homeenvironment,andinmany middle-and working-class homescraftwastheonly formofart,Ruskin andhis followerscriticizednot onlythe degradationof artisansreduced tomachineoperators,but alsothe impendingloss ofdailycontact withhandcrafted objects,fashioned withpride,integrity,and attentionto beauty.In theUnitedStatesas wellas inGreat Britain,reformers extolledthe virtuesof handcraftedobjects:simple,straightforward design;solid materialsof goodquality;andsound,enduring constructiontechniques.These criteriawereinterpreted ina varietyof styles,ranging fromrational andgeometricto romanticor naturalistic.Whether abstract,stylized,or realisticallytreated,the consistenttheme invirtuallyall Arts and Craftsdesign isnature.TheArtsandCrafts Movement wasmuch morethan aparticularstyle;it wasa philosophyof domesticlife.Proponents believedthat ifsimple design,high-qualitymaterials,and honestconstruction wererealized inthe homeandits appointments,then theoccupants wouldenjoy moralandtherapeutic effects.For bothartisan andconsumer,theArts andCrafts doctrinewas seenasamagical forceagainstthe undesirableeffects ofindustrialization.

1.The passageprimarily focusesonnineteenth-century artsand craftsin termsof whichof thefollowingATheir naturalisticthemesB Theirimportance inmuseum collectionsCTheir BritishoriginD Theirrole inan industrializedsociety

2.According tothe passage,before thenineteenthcentury,artisans werethought tobeA defendersof moralstandardsB creators of cheapmerchandiseC skilledworkersD artists

3.It canbe inferredfrom thepassage thatthe ArtsandCraftsMovementwould haveconsideredall ofthe followingtobeartists EXCEPTAcreatorsoftextile designsBpeople whoproduce handmadeglass objectsCoperators ofmachines thatautomatically cutlegsfor furniture托福阅读真题2PASSAGE51In1972,a centuryafter thefirst nationalpark intheUnited Stateswas establishedat Yellowstone,legislation waspassedto createthe NationalMarine SanctuariesProgram.Theintent ofthis legislationwas toprovide protectiontoselected coastalhabitats similarto thatexisting forlandareas designatedas nationalparks.The designationof anareas marine sanctuaryindicates thatit isa protectedarea,just asa nationalpark is.People arepermitted tovisit andobservethere,but livingorganisms andtheir environmentsmaynot beharmed orremoved.The NationalMarine SanctuariesProgram isadministeredby theNational Oceanicand AtmosphericAdministration,abranch oftheUnitedStates Departmentof Commerce.Initially,70sites wereproposed ascandidates forsanctuarystatus.Two anda halfdecades later,only fifteensanctuaries hadbeendesignated,with halfof theseestablished after

1978.They rangein sizefrom thevery smallless than1squarekilometer FagateleBayNationalMarine Sanctuaryin AmericanSamoatotheMonterey BayNationalMarineSanctuary inCalifornia,extending over15,744square kilometers.The NationalMarineSanctuariesProgram isa crucialpartof newmanagement practicesin whichwhole communitiesofspecies,and notjust individualspecies,are offeredsomedegree ofprotection fromhabitat degradationandoverexploitation.Only inthis waycanareasonable degreeofmarinespeciesdiversity bemaintained ina settingthatalso maintainsthe naturalinterrelationships thatexistamong thesespecies.Several othertypes ofmarine protectedareas existintheUnitedStates andother countries.The NationalEstuarineResearch ReserveSystem,managed bythe UnitedStatesgovernment,includes23designated andprotectedestuaries.Outside theUnitedStates,marine protected-areaprograms existasmarine parks,reserves,and preserves.Over100designated areasexist aroundthe peripheryof theCaribbeanSea.Others rangefromthewell-known AustralianGreatBarrier ReefMarine Parkto lesser-known parksincountries suchas Thailand and Indonesia,where tourismisplacing growingpressures onfragile coralreef systems.Asstate,national,and internationalagencies cometo recognizetheimportance ofconserving marinebiodiversity,marineprojected areas,whether assanctuaries,parks,or estuarinereserves,will playan increasinglyimportant roleinpreserving thatdiversity.

1.What doesthepassagemainly discussADifferences amongmarineparks,sanctuaries,andreservesB Variousmarine conservationprogramsC Internationalagreements oncoastal protectionDSimilarities betweenlandandsea protectedenvironments

2.The wordintent inline3is closestin meaningtoD metalworkerswho createunique piecesof jewelry

4.The wordrevered inline14is closestin meaningtoArespectedB describedCavoidedD created

5.According toparagraph2,the handcraftedobjectsin thehomes ofmiddle-and working-classfamilies usuallywereA madeby membersofthefamilyB theleast expensiveobjects intheir homesCregarded asbeing morallyupliftingD thoughtto symbolizeprogress

6.The wordextolled inline20is closestin meaningtoAexposedB praisedCbelievedD accepted

7.The authormentions allofthefollowing asattributesof handcraftedobjects EXCEPTAthe pridewith whichthey werecraftedB thecomplexity of their designCthe longtime thatthey lastedDthe qualityoftheirmaterials

8.The wordconsistent inline24is closestinmeaning toAconservativeB considerableCconstantD concrete

9.According tothepassage,whichofthe followingchangesoccurred atthe sametime astheArts andCrafts MovementAThe creationof brighterandmoreairy spacesinsidehomesB Therejection ofart thatdepicted naturein arealisticmannerC Adecline ofinterest inart museumcollectionsD Anincrease inthe buyingof importedart objects

10.Which ofthefollowingstatements issupported bythepassage APrivate collectorsinthenineteenth centuryconcentratedon acquiringpaintings.BTheArtsandCraftsMovementintheUnitedStates,unlike theone inBritain,did notreactstrongly againstmechanized processes.C Handcraftedobjects intheUnitedStates andBritainin thenineteenthcenturydid notusegeometric designs.DTheArtsandCraftsMovementbelieved inthebeneficial effectfor peoplefrom beingsurroundedby beautifulobjects.PASSAGE50DCCAC BBCADArepetitionB approvalCgoalD revision

3.The wordadministered inline8is closestinmeaning to。