TOEFL真题练习大全

TOEFL真题练习大全为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，我给大家整理了托福真题练习，下面我就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧真题TOEFL1One areaof paleoanthropologicalstudy involvestheeating and dietary habitsof hominids,erect bipedalprimates一including earlyhumans.It isclear thatat somestage ofhistory,humans began to carrytheir foodto centralplaces,called homebases,where itwas sharedand consumedwith theyoungand otheradults.The use of homebases is a fundamentalcomponentof humansocial behavior;the commonmeal servedata commonhearth isa powerfulsymbol,a markof socialunity.Home basebehavior doesnot occuramong nonhumanprimates andisrare amongmammals.It isunclear whenhumans beganto usehomebases,what kindof communicationsand socialrelationswere involved,and what the ecologicaland food-choicecontexts of the shiftwere.Work onearly tools,surveys ofpaleoanthropologicalsites,development andtesting ofD

2.5million

7.The wordconcealed in line17is closest in meaningtoAhighlightedB coveredCtransformedD contaminated

8.Why does the authormention animalssuch ascoyotesand wolvesin paragraph4A Togive examples of animals that areclassified ascarnivoresBTo specifythe animalsfound leastcommonly at La BreaCTo arguethat theseanimals wereespecially likelytoavoid extinction.D Todefine theterm scavengers托福阅读答案CBDBD BBA真题TOEFL3托福阅读文本Among thespecies ofseabirds thatuse thewindsweptcliffs of the Atlanticcoast ofCanada in thesummer tomate,lay eggs,and reartheir youngare commonmurres,Atlantic puffins,black-legged kittiwakes,andnorthern gannets.Of allthe birdson thesecliffs,theblack-legged kittiwake gull is the bestsuited fornestingon narrowledges.Although itsnesting habits are similartothose ofgulls thatnest onflat ground,there area numberofimportant differencesrelated to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantageof nesting on cliffsis theimmunity itgivesfrom foxes,which cannotscale thesheer rocks,and fromravensand otherspecies ofgulls,which have difficulty inlandingon narrowledges to steal eggs.This immunityhas beenfollowed by arelaxation of the defenses,and kittiwakesdonot reactto predatorsnearly asfiercely asdo ground-nestinggulls.A colonyof Bonapartesgulls respondsto theappearanceof apredatory herringgull byflying upas agroup with aclamor of alarm calls,followedbyconcerted mobbing,butkittiwakes simplyignore herringgulls,since theyposelittle threatto nestson cliffs.Neither dokittiwakesattempt toconceal theirnest.Most gullskeep the nest areaclearof droppings,and removeempty eggshellsafter thechickshave hatched,so that the locationof the nest isnotgiven away.Kittiwakes defecateover theedge of the nest,which keepsit clean,but thispractice,as wellas theirtendencyto leavethenestlittered witheggshells,makes itslocationvery conspicuous.On theother hand,nestingona narrowledge hasits ownpeculiarproblems,and kittiwakebehavior hasbecome adaptedtoovercome them.The femalekittiwake sitswhen mating,whereas other gulls stand,so thepair willnot overbalanceandfall offthe ledge.The nestisadeep cup,made ofmudor seaweed,to holdthe eggssafely,compared with the shallowscrapeof other gulls,and thechicks areremarkably immobileuntilfully grown.They donot runfrom theirnests whenapproached,and ifthey shouldcome nearto thecliff edge,they instinctivelyturn back.托福阅读题目

1.What aspectofthekittiwakegulldoes the passagemainly discussAIts defensivebehaviorB Itinteractions withothergullspeciesC Itsnesting habitsDIts physicaldifference fromothergullspecies

2.The wordrear inline2is closestin meaning toA visitBwatchC reverseDraise

3.The wordscale inline8is closestin meaningtoA climbBavoidC approachDmeasure

4.The wordimmunity inline9is closestin meaningtoA distanceBtransitionC protectionDreminder

5.Why isit difficult for ravenstostealthekittiwakes eggsAThe kittiwakescan seethe ravensapproaching thenest.B Theravens cannotland onthe narrowledges wherekittiwakesnest.C Thekittiwakes eggsare toobig for the ravenstocarry.D Thefemale kittiwakesrarely leavethenest.

6.The authormentions thateggshells litteraround thenestsof kittiwakesin ordertoA demonstratethat kittiwakesare notconcerned aboutpredatorsBprove howbusy kittiwakesare incaring fortheiroffspringC showa similarityto othertypes ofgullsD illustratekittiwakes lackof concernfor theirchicks

7.According to the passage,it canbe inferredthatwhich ofthe followingbirds concealtheir nestABonapartes gullsBAtlanticpuffinsC KittiwakegullsD Northerngannets

8.The wordit inline17refers toAlocationB edgeCnestD practice

9.The wordconspicuous inline18is closestin meaningtoAdisorderedB suspiciousCnoticeableD appealing

10.The phraseOn theother handinline19is closestin meaningtoAthereforeB howeverCfor exampleDby nomeans托福阅读答案CDACBAACCB真题TOEFL4托福阅读文本The canopy,the upperlevel ofthe treesin the rain forest,holds aplethora ofclimbing mammals of moderately largesize,which mayinclude monkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smaller species,including suchrodents asmice andsmallsquirrels,are notas prevalentoverall inhigh tropicalcanopiesas theyare inmost habitatsglobally.Small mammals,being warmblooded,suffer hardshipin theexposedand turbulentenvironment ofthe uppermosttrees.Because a small bodyhas moresurface areaper unitofweight thana largeone ofsimilar shape,it gainsorloses heat more swiftly.Thus,in the trees,where shelterfromheat andcold may be scarceand conditionsmay fluctuate,asmallmammal mayhave troublemaintaining itsbodytemperature.Small sizemakes iteasy toscramble amongtwigs andbranchesin the canopy forinsects,flowers,or fruit,butsmall mamma1saresurpassed,in thecompetition forfood,by largeones thathave theirown tacticsfor browsingamongfood-rich twigs.The weightofagibbon asmall apehangingbelowa brancharches theterminal leavesdown sothatfruit-bearing foliagedrops towardthe gibbonsface.Walkingor leapingspecies ofa similaror evenlarger sizeaccessthe outertwigs eitherby snappingoff andretrieving thewholebranch orby clutchingstiff brancheswith thefeet ortailand pluckingfood withtheir hands.Small climbing animals mayreach twigsreadily,but itisharder forthem thanfor largeclimbinganimalsto crossthewide gapsfrom ontree crowntothenext thattypify thehighcanopy.A macaqueor gibboncan hurlitself fartherthana mousecan:it canachieve arunning start,and itcan moreeffectivelyuse abranch asa springboard,even bouncingona climbseveral timesbefore jumping.The forwardmovementof asmall animalis seriouslyreduced bythe airfrictionagainst therelatively largesurface areaof itsbody.Finally,forthemany smallmammals thatsupplement theirinsect dietwithfruits orseeds,an inability to spanopen gapsbetweentree crownsmaybeproblematic,since treesthat yieldthesefoods canbe sparse.托福阅读题目

1.The passageanswers which ofthe followingquestionsA Howis the rain forestdifferent fromotherhabitatsB Howdoes ananimals bodysize influencean animalsneedfor foodCWhy doesthe rainforest providean unusualvarietyof foodfor animalsDWhy dolarge animalstend todominate theuppercanopy oftherainforest

2.Which ofthe followinganimals isless commonin theuppercanopy thanin other environmentsA MonkeysBCatsC PorcupinesDMice

3.The wordthey inline4refers toAtreesB climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeC smallerspeciesD hightropical canopies

4.According toparagraph2,which ofthe followingistrue about the smallmammals intherainforestA Theyhave bodyshapes that are adaptedto liveinthe canopy.B Theyprefer thetemperature andclimate ofthe canopytothat ofotherenvironments.C Theyhavedifficultywiththechanging conditionsinthe canopy.D Theyuse thetrees ofthe canopyfor shelterfrom heatandcold.

5.In discussinganimal sizein paragraph3,the authorindicatesthatA small animals requireproportionately morefood thanlargeranimals doBa large animals sizeis anadvantage inobtainingfood inthe canopyCsmallanimalsare oftenattacked bylarge animalsinthe rainforestD smallanimals andlargeanimalsare equallyadept atobtainingfood inthecanopy

6.The wordtypify inline19is closestin meaningtoA resembleBprotectC characterizebroadecological theories,and advancesin comparativeprimatologyare contributingto knowledgeabout thiscentralchapter inhuman prehistory.One innovativeapproach tothese issuesinvolvesstudying damageand wear on stone tools.Researchers maketoolsthat replicateexcavated specimensas closelyaspossible andthen tryto use them asthe originalsmight havebeenused,in woodcutting,hunting,or cultivation.Depending onhow thetool isused,characteristicchippage patternsand microscopicallydistinguishablepolishes developnear theedges.The firstapplication ofthismethod ofanalysis tostone toolsthatare

1.5million to2million yearsold indicatesthat,from thestart,animportant functionof earlystone toolswas toextract highly一一nutritious foodmeat andmarrow fromlarge animalcarcasses.Fossil boneswith cutmarks causedby stone toolshave beendiscovered lyinginthesame2-mi1lion-year-oldlayers thatyielded the oldest suchtools andthe oldesthominidspecimens includinghumans withlarger thanape-sized brains.This discoveryincreases scientistscertaintyaboutD divide

7.According toparagraph4,what makesjumping fromonetree crownto anotherdifficultforsmall mammalsAAirfriction againstthe bodysurfaceB Thethickness ofthe branchesCThe denseleaves ofthetreecrownD Theinabilitytousethefront feetas hands

8.The wordsupplement inline24is closestin meaningtoAcontrolB replaceClook forDadd to

9.Which ofthefollowingterms isdefined inthepassage Acanopy line1B warmblooded line5C terminalleaves line13D springboardline21托福阅读答案DDCCB CADAwhenhuman ancestorsbegantoeatmoremeat thanpresent-daynonhuman primates.But severalquestions remainunanswered:how frequentlymeat eatingoccurred;what thesocialimplications of meat eatingwere;and whetherthe increaseduseofmeatcoincides withthe beginningsoftheuseofhomebases.托福阅读题目

1.The passagemainly discusseswhichofthe followingaspectsof hominidbehaviorA Changesin eatinganddietarypracticesB Thecreation ofstone huntingtoolsC Socialinteractions athome basesDMethods ofextracting nutritiousfood fromcarcasses

2.According tothepassage,bringing ameal toalocation tobe sharedby manyindividuals isAan activitytypical ofnonhuman primatesBa commonpractice amonganimalsthateat meatCan indicationof socialunityD abehavior thatencourages betterdietary habits

3.The wordconsumed inline4is closestin meaningtoApreparedB storedCdistributedD eatenEccording toparagraph2,researchers makecopies ofoldstonetools in ordertoA protectthe oldtools frombeing wornoutB displayexamplesoftheoldtoolsinmuseumsC testtheories abouthow oldtools were usedD learnhow toimprove thedesign ofmodern tools

5.In paragraph2,the authormentions allof thefollowingas examplesof waysin whichearlystone toolswereusedEXCEPT toAbuild homebasesB obtainfoodC makeweaponsD shapewood

6.The wordinnovative inline13is closestin meaningtoAgoodB newCsimpleD costly

7.The wordthem inline15refers toAissuesB researchersCtoolsD specimens

8.The authormentions characteristicchippage patternsinline16as anexample ofAdecorations cutinto woodenobjectsB differencesamong toolsmade ofvarious substancesCimpressions lefton prehistoricanimal bonesDindications ofwearonstonetools

9.The wordextract inline19is closestin meaningtoA identifyBremoveC destroyDcompare

10.The wordwhether inline26is closestinmeaning toAifB howCwhyD when托福阅读答案ACDCABCDBA真题TOEFL2托福阅读文本Prehistoric mammoths have beenpreserved inthe famoustar pits ofRancho La Brea BreaistheSpanish wordfor tarinwhat isnow the heart of Los Angeles,California.These tarpitshave beenknown forcenturies andwere formerlymined fortheirnatural asphalt,a blackor brownpetroleum-likesubstance.Thousands oftons wereextracted before1875,whenit wasfirst noticedthat thetar containedfossil remains.Major excavationswere undertakenthat establishedthesignificance ofthis remarkablesite.The tarpits werefoundto containthe remainsof scoresof speciesof animalsfromthe last30,000years ofthe IceAge.Since then,over100tons offossils,

1.5million fromvertebrates,

2.5million frominvertebrates,have beenrecovered,often indensely concentratedand tangledmasses.The creaturesfound rangefrom insectsand birdsto giantgroundsloths,but atotal of17proboscides animalswitha一proboscis orlong noseincluding mastodonsand Columbian一mammothshave been recovered,most ofthem fromPit9,thedeepest bone-bearing deposit,which wasexcavated in

1914.Most ofthe fossilsdate tobetween40,000and10,000yearsago.The asphaltatLaBrea seepstothe surface,especiallyin thesummer,and formsshallow puddlesthat wouldoften havebeenconcealed byleaves anddust.Unwary animalswould becometrappedon thesethin sheetsof liquidasphalt,which areextremelysticky inwarm weather.Stuck,the unfortunatebeastswould dieof exhaustionand hungeror fallprey topredatorsthat oftenalso becamestuck.As theanimals decayed,more scavengerswould beattractedand caughtin theirturn.Carnivores greatlyoutnumber herbivoresin thecollection:for everylarge herbivore,there isonesaber-tooth cat,a coyote,and fourwolves.The factthat somebonesare heavilyweathered showsthat somebodies remainedabovethesurfacefor weeksor months.Bacteria inthe asphaltwouldhave consumedsome ofthe tissuesother thanbones,andthe asphaltitself woulddissolve whatwas left,atthesametime impregnatingand beautifullypreserving thesaturatedbones,rendering themdark brownand shiny.托福阅读题目

1.What aspectoftheLaBreatarpitsdoesthepassagemainly discussAThe amountof asphaltthat wasmined thereBThe chemicaland biologicalinteractions betweenasphaltand animalsCThe fossilremains thathavebeen found thereDScientific methodsof determiningthe ageof tarpits

2.In usingthe phrasetheheartofLosAngeles inline2,the authoris talkingaboutthecitysA beautifuldesignB centralareaC basicneedsD suppliesof naturalasphalt

3.The wordnoticed inline5closestinmeaningtoA predictedBannouncedC correctedDobserved

4.The wordtangled inline10is closestinmeaningtoA buriedbeneathB twistedtogetherC quicklyformedD easilydated

5.The wordthem inline13refers toAinsectsB birdsCclothsD proboscideans

6.How manyproboscideans havebeenfoundattheLa BreatarpitsA9B

171.5million。