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年高考英语新热点时文阅读■科学技术2023题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了麻省理工学院最新公布的数字建设平台Massachusetts Institute of Technology将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的DCP2阅读理解介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献3阅读理解介绍研究人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如4阅读理解讲述研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波，将他的想法转化成语言并呈现到计算机上5阅读理解讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业01（河北省示范性高中学年高三月调研考试英语试题）2022-20239Housing rankshigh amongthe numerous（征月艮）challenges thatstill needto beovercome beforehumans cancolonize Mars.The bravepioneers thatmake thesix-month voyageto theRed Planetwill needa placeto livein assoon asthey land.While the best solutionwould be tohave the structures ready before they get there,it hasso far been a challenge given that most construction robots havenever madeit out of thelaboratory.Now,there may be abit ofhope thanksto Massachusetts Instituteof Technologys（）newly revealedDigital ConstructionPlatform DCP.The DCPcomprises adouble armsystem thatis fittedon atracked vehicle.As thelarger armmoves,the smaller,precision motorrobotic armbuilds thestructure byshooting outthe necessaryconstruction material,ranging from（绝缘包沫）insulation foam7to concrete.The teamof researchersled byPh.D.Steven Keatingsay thatunlike other3-D printersthat arelimited to building objectsthat fitwithin theiroverall enclosure,DCPs freemoving systemscanbe used to construct structures of any size.The teamrecently demonstratedthe DCPsbuilding skillson anempty fieldin Mountain View,CA.The robotbeganby creatinga moldwith expandingfoam thathardens whendry.It thenconstructed thebuilding,layer bylayer,using sensorsto raiseitself higheras itprogressed.The finalproduct wasa sturdyhome”that had50-foot diameterwallsand a12-foot highroof withroom foressentials likeelectricity wiresand waterpipes to be insertedinside.Evenmore impressiveIt tooka mere14hours toprint”!The researchers9next planis tomake the DCP smartenough to analyze theenvironment wherethestructureisgoing to be builtand determinethe material densities bestsuited fbrthe area.However,that9s notand obstacles in the（许多机器人在参与群体对话时偶尔会做出错误行为的原因之一是，它们的行为严重依robofs surroundings.赖于传感器收集的数据但是传感器容易出错，有时会被机器人周围的突然运动和障碍物干扰厂可知，第二段主要介绍了现有机器人的缺点，容易出错故选项D细节理解题根据第三段中
11.“If the robots camera is maskedby anobstacle for a second,the robotmight notsee（如果机器人的摄像头被障碍物遮挡了一秒钟，机器人可能就看that person,and asa result,it ignoresthe user,不到那个人，结果就会忽略用户）”和“.（根Based onmy experience,users findthese misbehaviorsdisturbing据我的经验，用户觉得这些不当行为令人不安）”可知，当机器人的摄像头被阻挡后，它们会做出不当的行为故选项D推理判断题根据第四段中
12.“The techniquedeveloped byHedayati andSzafir wastrained on a seriesof existingdatasets.By analyzingthe positionsof other speakers in a group,it canaccurately predict the position of an undetected（和开发的这项技术是在一系列现有的数据集上训练通过分析一组中其他讲话者的位user.Hedayati Szafir置，可以准确预测未被发现用户的位置）可推知，这项技术已经得到了令人满意的结果故选项C
13.A
14.C
15.A
16.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波，将他的想法转化成语言并呈现到计算机上细节理解题根据第四段中的
13.Using brainsignals towork arounddisabilities iscurrently ahot fieldof study.Changs teambuilt theirexperiment on earlier work.The processuses brain waves thatnormally controlthe voice.（利用大脑信号解决残疾问题是目前研究的一个热点领域的团队在早期工作的基础上进行了system Chang实验该过程使用通常控制语音系统的脑电波）”可知，新研究的方式主要是利用控制语音系统的脑波故选项A词句猜测题根据第四段中的
14.“A computerobserved thepatterns when he attempted to say common words suchas water9or good.Over time,the computerbecame ableto differentiatebetween50words that could formmore than（当他试图说出诸如“水”或“好”之类的常用词时，计算机观察到了这些模式随着时间1,000sentences.的推移，计算机能够个单词，这些单词可以组成多个句子厂推知，计算机通过观察后，differentiates1000能够区分受试者“说的个单词由此可知，划线词意应为“区分，分辨“，和50differentiate distinguish同义故选项C推理判断题根据最后一段中的汕
15.“In anopinion articlepublished wthe study,Harvard braindoctors LeighHochberg and Sydney Cash calledthe worka pioneeringstudy/The twodoctors saidthe technologymight oneday.（在该研究发表的一篇评论文章中，哈佛脑科医help people with injuries,strokes ordiseases like Lou Gehrigs生和称这项研究为“开创性研究”这两位医生说，这项技术有一天可能会帮LeighHochberg SydneyCash助那些受伤、中风或像卢・格里格这样的疾病的患者户以及上文可知，两位医生称这项工作是“开创性的研究并认为这项技术有一天可能会帮助受伤、中风或肌肉渐冻症等疾病的人，因此推断出他们对这项技术是支持的故选项A主旨大意题根据文章第一段
16.“Researchers saythey haveused brainwaves of a paralyzedman who cannot speakto produce wordsfrom histhoughts ontoa computer.A teamled byDr.Edward Changat theUniversity ofCalifornia,（研究人员说，他们利用一名不能说话的瘫痪男子的脑电波将他的想San Francisco,carried outthe experiment.法输入计算机旧金山加利福尼亚大学的张博士领导的一个团队进行了这项实验）”以及后文可知，文章主要讲研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波来帮助患者进行交流项B Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to（设备使用瘫痪男子的脑电波帮助他交流）适合做文章标题故选项Help HimCommunicate B
17.A
18.C
19.C
20.A【导语•】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业推理判断题根据文章第二段
17.“Agriculture has been changingdramatically in the lastfew decades.The push for在过去的几十年中，innovation is fed by the needtoproducelarger amountsof foodfor agrowing worldpopulation4农业发生了巨大的变化为不断增长的世界人口生产更多粮食的需求推动了创新户可推断，因为世界人口的增长，需要生产更多的粮食来养活更多的人，这促成了农业革命故选A推理判断题根据文章第三段
18.“With laborshortages and the increasein thehourly wagesthat have to be paid inorder to becompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslike amore reasonabledecision/said David Swartz,a（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了professor at Penn State University.David Swartz保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定可知，David Swartz认为自动化是合理的决定，所以推断支持自动化故选David SwartzCo推理判断题根据文章最后一段
19.The companyreleased anautonomous tractor kit in February2021that can be.（该公fixed on any existing tractor.The kitincludes cameradetection,speed controls,as wellas ananticrash system司在年月发布了一款自动拖拉机套件，可以安装在任何现有的拖拉机上这套装备包括摄像头检测、20212速度控制以及防碰撞系统）”可知，包含侦测摄像头、速度控制以及防撞系统，由此Blue and Whites kit推断能够提高拖拉机的安全性故选Blue and Whites kitC主旨大意题根据文章第二段.（在过去
20.“Agriculture has been changingdramatically in the lastfew decades的几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化户及第三段”With laborshortages andthe increasein thehourly wagesthathave tobepaid in ordertobecompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslike amore reasonabledecision,said（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授说，“随着劳动力David Swartz,a professoratPennStateUniversity.DavidSwartz短缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定可知，自动化正应用在农业中，并改变农业所以文章的标题应是（自动化Automation IsTransforming Agriculture正在改变农业）故选Aoeven thebest part.Future DCPmodels aregoing tobe solar-powered,autonomous,and,most importantly,capable ofsourcing construction components from itssurroundings.This meansthe robotcan besent toremote,disaster-strickenareas,and perhapseven toMars,to buildshelters usingwhatever materialis available.
1.What dowe learnfrom thefirst paragraphA.Housing pioneerson Marsis areality.B,Colonizing Marsis outof thequestion.C.Building structureson Marsis in the testingphases.D.Finding aliveable placeon Marsis atop priority.
2.How doesthe DCPdiffer fromother3-D printersA.It consumesless time.B.It comesin moredifferent sizes.C.It ismore environmentallyfriendly.D.It canbuild morediverse structures.
3.What is the thirdparagraph mainly aboutA.The successfulcase of the DCP.B.The workingprinciple of the DCP.C.The instructionsof usingtheDCP.D.The limitationof the DCPs function.
4.What mightbe thebiggest highlightof futureDCP A.Being poweredby solar.B.Building sheltersanywhere.C.Collecting buildingmaterials onsite.D.Analyzing buildingmaterialdensities.02（•河南•洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）2022Climate sciencehasbeenrapidly advancingin recentyears,but thefoundations werelaid hundredsof yearsago.In the1820s,French scientistJoseph Fouriertheorized thatEarth musthave someway ofkeeping heatand that（温度计）the atmospheremay playsome role.In1850,American scientistEunice NewtonFoote putthermometersin glassbottles andexperimented withplacing themin sunlight.Inside the bottles,Foote compareddry air,wet air,N2,O2and CO,and foundthat the bottle containinghumid airwarmed upmore and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containingdry air,and that it wasfollowed by thebottle containing CO
2.In1859,Irish scientistJohn Tyndallbegan measuringhow muchheat differentgases in the atmosphereabsorb.And in1896,Swedish scientistSvante Arrheniusconcluded thatmore CO2in theatmosphere wouldcause theplanet toheatup:These findingsplanted someof theearliest seedsof climatescience.The firstcritical breakthroughhappened in1967when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetheraldconnected energyabsorbedbytheatmosphere to the airmovement verticallyover Earth.They builta modelwhich firstincluded allthemain physicalprocesses relatedto climate changes.The predictionsandtheexplanations basedon theirmodel stillholdtrue inthe realworld almosthalf acentury later.The modelwas improvedinthe1980s byKlaus Hasselmannwho connectedshort-term weather patterns withlong-term climate changes.Hasselmann foundthat evenrandom weatherdata couldyield insightinto broaderpatterns.“The greatestuncertainty inthe modelremains whathuman beingswill do.Figuring it out is1,000times harderthan understanding the physics behind climate changesJ Manabe said.There aremany thingswe can do to preventclimate change.The wholequestion iswhether peoplewill realizethat somethingwhich willhappen in20or30years issomething you haveto respond to now.”So,its upto usto solvethe problemthat thesepioneers helpedthe worldunderstand.
5.What doesthe word“humid underlinedin paragraph2meanA.Cool.B.Cold.C.Dry.D.Wet.
6.What isKlaus Hasselmannscontribution toclimate scienceA.He foundthat CO2causes globalwarming.B.He inventeda uniquemeasuring instrument.C.He improvedManabe andWetherald9s model.D.He builta reliablemodel onclimate change.
7.What isparagraph5mainlyaboutA.The biggestproblem withthe climatemodel.B,The necessityfor human beings totake actionnow.C.The challengeof understandingclimate change.D.Measures tobe takento preventclimatechange.
8.Which of the followingcan bethebest title for the textA.Negative Effectsof theGlobal WarmingB,Historic Breakthroughsin ClimateScienceC.Main CausesLeading toClimate ChangeD.Difficulties ofPreventing ClimateChange03（•河北邯郸•高三开学考试）2022To effectivelyinteract withhumans incrowded socialsettings,such asmalls,hospitals,and otherpublic spaces,robots shouldbe ableto activelyparticipate inboth groupand one-to-oneinteractions.Most existingrobots,however,have beenfound toperform muchbetter whencommunicating withindividualusers thanwith groups of conversinghumans.Hooman Hedayati and DanielSzafir,two researchersatUniversity ofNorth Carolinaat ChapelHill,have recentlydeveloped a new data-driven techniquethat couldimprovehow robotscommunicate withgroupsofhumans.One ofthe reasonswhy manyrobots occasionallymisbehave whileparticipating in a group conversation is that（易于遭受）their actionsheavily relyon datacollected bytheir sensors.Sensors,however,are proneto errors,andcan sometimes be disturbed by sudden movements andobstaclesinthe robofssurroundings.“If therobofs camerais maskedby anobstacle fbra second,the robotmight notsee thatperson,and asa result,itignores theuser,“Hedayati explained.Based onmy experience,users findthese misbehaviorsdisturbing.The keygoalof ourrecent projectwas tohelp robotsdetect andpredictthe positionofanundetectedperson withintheconversational group.”The techniquedeveloped byHedayati andSzafir wastrained ona seriesof existingdatasets.By analyzingthepositions ofotherspeakersinagroup,it canaccurately predictthepositionofanundetected user.In thefuture,the newapproach couldhelp toenhance theconversational abilitiesof bothexisting andnewlydeveloped robots.This mightin turnmake themeasier toserve inlarge publicspaces,including malls,hospitals,andother publicplaces.The nextstep fbrus willbeto improve the gaze behavior of robotsinaconversational group.People findrobots witha bettergaze behaviormore intelligent,We wanttoimprovethegazebehaviorof robots andmakethe human-robot conversationalgroup moreenjoyable fbrhumans.”Hedayati said.
9.What isthe techniquedeveloped byHedayatiandSzafir basedonA.Data.B,Cameras.C.Existing robots.D.Social settings.
10.What ismainly talkedabout inParagraph2A.The workingprocedure ofrobots.B・The abilityofrobotsto communicate.C.The experienceoftheresearchers.D.The shortcomingsof existingrobots.
11.What willhappen ifa robotscameraisblockedA.It willstop working.B.It willbreak down.C.It willabuse itsuser.D.It willmisbehave.
12.What dowe knowabout the new data-driven techniqueA.It isconsidered afailure.B.It hasbeen usedin malls.C.It getssatisfactory result.D.It onlyworks withnew robots.04（•浙江湖州•高三阶段练习）2021Researchers saythey haveused brainwaves ofa paralyzedman whocannotspeak toproduce wordsfrom histhoughts ontoa computer.A teamled byDr.Edward Changat theUniversityof California,San Francisco,carried outthe experiment.“Most ofus takefor grantedhow easilywe communicatethrough speechJ Changtold TheAssociated Press.Itsexciting tothink wereat thevery beginningofanew chapter,anewfield toease thedifficulties ofpatients wholostthat ability/9The researchersadmit thatsuch communicationmethods fbrparalysis victimswill requireyears ofadditionalresearch.But,they saythe newstudy marksan importantstep forward.Today,paralysis victimswhocannotspeak orwrite havevery limitedways ofcommunicating.For example,avictim canuse apointer attachedtoahat thatlets himmove hishead totouch wordsor lettersonascreen.Other devicescanpick upa personseye movements.But suchmethods areslow anda verylimited replacementfor speech.Using brainsignals towork arounddisabilities iscurrently ahot fieldof study*Changs teambuilt theirexperimentonearlierwork.The processuses brainwaves thatnormally controlthe voicesystem.The researchersimplantedelectrodes onthe surfaceofthemans brain,over thearea thatcontrols speech.A computerobserved thepatternswhenheattemptedtosaycommonwordssuchas“water orgood.Overtime,the computerbecame ableto differentiatebetween50words thatcould formmore than1,000sentences.Repeatedly givenquestions suchas“How areyou today”or“Are youthirsty,“the deviceenabled theman toanswer“I amvery goodor No,I amnot thirsty.The wordswere notvoiced,but wereturned intotext onthe computer.In anopinion articlepublished withthe study,Harvard braindoctors Leigh Hochbergand SydneyCashcalled theworka pioneeringstudy.”The twodoctors saidthe technologymight oneday helppeoplewithinjuries,strokes ordiseaseslikeLouGehrigs.People withsuch diseaseshave brainsthat preparemessages fordelivery,but thosemessagesare trapped,they wrote.
13.How isthenewmethod differentfrom thecurrent onesA.It involvesa patientsbrainwaves.B・It canpick upa patienfseye movements.C.It isa verylimited replacementfor speech.D.It canhelp apatient regainhis speechability.
14.What doesthe underlinedword“differentiate“in paragraph4meanA.Organize.B.Learn.C.Distinguish.D.Speak.
15.What wasLeighHochbergandSydneyCashs attitudetowards thestudyA.Positive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Critical.
16.Which ofthe followingisthebesttitlefor thetextA.Researchers FoundGood Methodsto HelpParalyzed PatientsB・Device UsesBrain Wavesof ParalyzedMan toHelp HimCommunicateC.Years ofAdditional WorkNeeded toImprove theCommunication MethodsD.DeviceUsesBrainWavesofParalyzedMantoCure HisSpeaking Disability05（•安徽•高三开学考试）（拖拉机）2022When peoplethink of farming today,they usuallypicture atractorrather thanhorses inthe farmland.Thats becausetractors thatrelied onengines revolutionizedfarming inthe late1800s.Now anew typeof tractorcan dothe sameinthe21st century*Agriculture hasbeen changingdramatically inthe lastfew decades.The pushfor innovationisfedbytheneed toproducelarger amountsof foodforagrowing worldpopulation.Autonomous tractorsmaybethe keyto solvingthischallenge.They can be usedto carryout labor-intensive farmingwhile allowingfarmersto doother work.A bigplus isthatitcan increasecrop outputwhile reducingcosts becausethe autonomousmachinescan workin allweather conditionswithout anyrest.Part ofpushforautomation isa shortageoffarmworkers dueto peoplesdesire to have higherpaying jobswithbetter workconditions.Farm ownersare competingagainst companieslike Amazon and restaurantsthat areraisingwages toattract workers.With laborshortages andthe increaseinthehourly wagesthat havetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslike amore reasonabledecision Jsaid DavidSwartz,a professorat PennStateUniversity.Many believethe timeis ripefor anautonomous revolutionbecause roboticsis alreadyin usein agriculture.Onecompany thatis workingto bringautonomous tractorsinto mainstream farmingis Blue andWhiteRobotics,an Israeliagriculturaltechnology company,whose missionis tomake afully autonomousfarm.The companyreleased anautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021that canbe fixedonanyexistingtractor.The kitincludes cameradetection,speed controls,as wellas ananti-crash system.BlueandWhites kitis beingused byWest Coastgrowers inthe US.Itmay sooncome toa farmnear you.
17.What contributestotheagricultural revolutionaccording toParagraph2A.The urgeto feedmore people.B.The extremeweather conditions.C.The needto reducefarming cost.D.The desirefor automaticfarming.
18.What isSwartzs attitudeto automationA.Critical.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.A.It hasbeen widelyused.B.It canbe madein manyfirms.C.It canimprove safetyof tractors.D.It willdetect theway offarming.
20.What maybe asuitable titleforthetextA.Automation IsTransforming AgricultureB.Big CompaniesAre MakingA DifferenceC.Driverless TractorsAre WorthInvesting D.Traditional FarmingIs FallingoutofDate
19.What canbe inferredabout BlueandWhiteskit参考答案:
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了麻省理工学院最新公布的数MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology字建设平台（）将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的DCP推理判断题第一段的
1.“While thebest solutionwould betohavethe structuresreadybeforetheygetthere,it hasso.（虽然最好的解决farbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenever madeitoutofthelaboratory方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战广推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段故选项C细节理解题根据第二段的一
3.“The teamrecently demonstratedtheDCPsbuilding skillsonanempty fieldin（该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了的建筑技能广可知，本段MountainView,CA.DCP主要介绍了的成功案例故选项DCP A细节理解题根据最后一段的
4.“most importantly,capable ofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.This meanstherobotcanbesent toremote,disaster-stricken areas,and perhapseven toMars,tobuild（最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件这意味着机器人可以被shelters usingwhatever materialis available.送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所）“可知，未来的最大亮点是可以现场收集DCP建筑材料故选项C5・D
6.C
7.B
8.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献词义猜测题根据第二段划线词所在句子
5.“Inside thebottles,Foote compareddry air,wet air,N2,O2and CO,and foundthat thebottlecontaininghumid airwarmed upmoreandstayedhotterlongerthanthebottlecontaining dryair,and thatit wasfollowed bythebottlecontainingCC）
2.（在瓶子内部，Foote比较了干燥空气、潮湿空气、、和发现含有空气的瓶子比含有干燥空气的瓶子加热得更多，保持温度的时间更长，其次N202CO,humid是含有二氧化碳的瓶子厂可知，该划线词与后面的为相对词或反义词，对两种空气的情况做对比，所dry以该词应该是“dry”的反义词，应该是“潮湿的/湿润的“，与wet意思相近故选D项细节理解题根据第四段
6.The modelwas improvedinthe1980s byKlaus Hasselmannwho connectedshort-term.（该模型在世纪年代被改进，他将weatherpatternswith long-term climatechanges2080Klaus Hasselmann短期天气模式与长期气候变化联系起来广可知，他的贡献在于改进了Syukuro Manabeand RichardWetherald建造的这个模型故选项C主旨大意题根据第五段
7.The greatestuncertainty inthe modelremains whathumanbeingswill do.Figuring itoutis1,000times harderthanunderstandingthephysicsbehindclimatechanges/9Manabesaid.There aremany thingswecandotopreventclimatechange.The wholequestion iswhether peoplewill realizethat somethingwhich will（这个模型最大的不确定性仍然是人类会做什happen in20or30years issomethingyouhavetorespondtonow.么弄清楚这一点比理解气候变化背后的物理原理难倍，”真部说“我们可以做很多事情来防止气候1000变化整个问题是，人们是否会意识到，年或年后会发生的事情是你现在必须应对的事情广可知，气2030候模型创立者认为，人类的行为对将来的气候影响至关重要，而人类非常有必要马上为将Syukuro Manabe来的气候变化采取行动，不能任其自然故选项B主旨大意题通读全文可知，第一段
8.“Climate sciencehasbeenrapidly advancingin recentyears,but the（气候科学近年来发展迅速，但其基础早在儿百年前就奠定了）“可foundations werelaid hundredsof yearsago.知，几百年前人们就在研究气候，之后介绍了和的实French scientistJoseph FourierIrish scientistJohn Tyndall验得出的理论，第三四段介绍了建造的模型和和SyukuroManabeandRichardWetherald KlausHasselmann对其进行的改良，所以本文主要介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的重大突破故选项B
9.A
10.D
11.D
12.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍研究人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如细节理解题根据第——段中
9.“Hooman Hedayatiand DanielSzafir,two researchersat Universityof NorthCarolinaat ChapelHill,have recentlydeveloped anew data-driven techniquethatcouldimprove howrobotscommunicate withgroups ofhumans.（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的两名研究人员胡曼・海达亚蒂和丹尼尔・扎菲尔最近开发了一种新的数据驱动技术，可以改善机器人与人类群体的交流方式广可知，这项新技术是基于数据的故选项A主旨大意题根据第二段
10.“One ofthe reasonswhy manyrobots occasionallymisbehave whileparticipating ina（易groupconversationisthattheir actionsheavily relyon datacollected bytheir sensors.Sensors,however,are prone于遭受）to errors,and cansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovements。
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