中考复习专项情态动词

中考复习专项情态动词情态动词本身有一定意义，表允诺、愿望、义务、命令和推测它必须和动词原形一起构成谓语情态动词没有人称和数的变化把情态动词放在句首、句尾用问号便构成疑问句；在其后加上或等否定词就构成not never否定句

一、常见情态动词的用法.

（一）的用法.can/could.表示具备某种“能力”，但不一定做情况，仅仅表示有能力而已1co uld是的过去时你能游过那条河吗？can Canyou swim across theri ver.表示“要求”（疑问句中）、“承诺”比委婉；两者都2Could Can指现在回答一律用或否定用can,may of course,mustn t.表示“可能性”，都能够表示现在和今后，只是的语气更加不确3could信否定式表示不可能，如They can t/couldn,t bedoing thatnow.

（二）的用法may/might.表示承诺或要求承诺，语气更委婉确信回答用1might may/might/c an,否定回答用may not,can t,mustn t.May Iturn onthe TVYes,you may/can.（No,you can,t/mustn,t.）.表示可能性，“也许这时和表现在，只是在语气2may mightmight上更不确信一些如表示可能性时，不用于疑问You may/might havesome fever.may/might句，可用或别的说法如can/could Isit likelyto rain.祈使句中表示祝愿3May yousucceed!

（三）的用法must.表示义务、命令或劝说，必须你必须和1You musttell methe truth.我说实话在回答由引起的问题时，否定回答用或must needn t don t have to,表示“不必、没必要；而表示“不准许”的意思mustn tMustthe ladieswear dressesNo,they dont have to/they needn t..表示估量，“确信:现在，只用于确信句在否定句或疑问句中,2must用can/couldThere must be amistake.Can/Could therebe amistake

（四）和的用法need dare情态动词“需要”和“敢”通常只用于否定句和疑问句中need dare但和可作You neednot comeso early.How dareyou beso rudeneed dare为实义动词，后跟动词不定式，可用在所有句型中，注意现在他们的否定式和疑问式与情态动词不同

（五）和的用法.shall will用在第

一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，来征求意见

3.shallShall Igo nowShall weinvite her,too用于所有人称，表示说话人的决心、保证、许诺、威逼、警告、命

4.shall令等强烈的感情，如You shallhave ananswer bytomorrow.He shal1suffer forthis.能够表示“情愿、肯、会、顽固”等意义，而非今后，则更

3.win would婉转I willpay forit.We regoing ona climbingtrip.Come ify ouwould.能够表示倾向、适应，在否定句中能够表示“不肯、不能”等意思

4.winOil andwater willnot mix.This machinewon twork.能够表示过去的适应，类似

5.would usedtoHe wouldcome to see meon Sundaywhen hewas here.

（六）的用法should/ought to两者大多数情形下能够互换的否定式为Ought toought not to/o ughtnttoo表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝说，“应该“，如

1.You ought to/should paymore attentionto whatyour teachersays..表示对现在和今后的估量2This penought to/should beyours.过去分词”表示对过去的估量，”应该差不多

3.“should/ought to have+二有时表示“本应该做而没有做“；过去分词”should not/ought notto have+表示“做了不应该做的情况”，是“本不该”的意思，因而它们都含有批判的语气He begantwo hoursago.He ought to havefinished fiHing in the formsnow.You should not haveasked himfor help..表示讲话人惊奇，败兴，愤慨等感情4Why shouldI believeyou Whatshappened tothat moneyHow shouldI know

（七）表示“最好……”，后接动词原形，其否定式为had betterhad better动词原形意思是“宁愿”，表示选择它有两种用法not+would rather一是在确信句中后边直截了当跟动词原形，其否定句是在后would rather加即动词原形；二是它后边能够接从句，该从句的谓not,would rathernot+语动词用一样过去式表示虚拟语气由于•表示选择，它后边可would rather接than

二、情态动词+have+done

（一）must have done表示对过去的估量，意思是“一定差不多，想必差不多，准是差不多……”，只用于确信句中街道是湿的，准是下雨了否定要The streetsare wet.It must have rained.用“can，t/couldn,t+have+过去分词”，意思是“不可能The pocket can t havebeenlost there.

（二）may/might have done表示对过去的估量，意思是“也许差不多……，可能差不多……二用于确信或否定句中疑问句中用或此外，过去分词”也can could.“might have+表示“本来能够……但没有实现”的意思，含有批判的口气例如:He may你本能够早点告诉我的（埋have goneto bed.You might have toldme earlier.怨批判）

（三）needn thavedone过去分词”表示“本来不需要做”，“做了不必做或不“needn t+have+需要做的事”,如I neednthave borrowedthe moneyyesterday.注意didn tneed表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”to do

（四）用来谈过去的情形can/could havedone:在疑问句、否定句中，表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不可能，这时它们没

1.有时刻上的差别，只是的语气更弱一些could Whocould havetaken t hem Hecan thavetaken ithome.在确信句中,表示“那时本来能够；差点就要，有时

2.could havedone”用来进行婉转地批判He could have toldher,but hedidnot chooseto.

（五）should/ought to havedone表示“过去应该做某事却没有做“；过去shouldnot/ought nottohave+分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”含有批判或遗憾的意思You should havecome hereten minutesearlier.

三、几组情态动词用法的区别.

（一）和的区别在一样今后时和现在完成时中只能用can beable tobe表示具备某种能力，但不一定做事；而表示后天努力设able tocan beable too法去做，成功后说明有能力，如He was able to swimacrosstheriver infifteen（）minutes.=He managedtoswimacross theriver infift eenminutes.

（二）与must haveto强调主观意志，必要性来自说话者的主观意志，“必须must Havet o强调客观因素，“不得不如他必须戒烟（说话He muststop smoking.人认为他必须）.你一定得去见见老总（客观因素）.You haveto goand see the boss.注意表示“绝对不可；（或）表must notdonthavetohaven t got to示“不必，没必要”，两者意思极为不同

（三）与would usedto可表示反复发生的动作或某种倾向表示过去的适应动作would Usedto或状态，强调现在已不存在如过去她常工She usedto work into thenight.作到深夜（现在不了）往常她常工作到深夜（不表示现在不了）She wouldworkinto the might.例

1.Tom,you leaveall yourclothes onthe floorlike this!【例题精析】答案A.wouldn,t B.mustn t C.needn t D.may notBo例

2.Where ismy penI it.might loseB.need havelost C.must loseD.must have答案lost Do专题测试

1.-----Could Iborrow yourbook------Yes,ofcourseyou.A.may B.could C.must D.can

2.I wonderhow hethat tohis parents.A.dare tosay B.dared sayC.dares tosay D.didn tdareto say

3.------Shall Itell himabout itNo,you.I have told himalready.A.needn t B.wouldn t C.shouldn t D.mustn t

4.I havewritten tohim becausehe phonedme later.A.ought toB.must C.couldn,tD.needn t

5.------You canhardly swim,can you-----.But mymother saidshe wouldteach me.A.Yes,I can t B.No,I cantC.No,I canD.Yes,I can

6.Write tome whenyou gethome.A.I must B.I shouldC.I will D.I can一

7.Where shallwe meettomorrow.—Well.I cometo yourhouse ifyou like.A.could B.might C.should D.must

8.Don tthrow thebottles away.They in the future.A.may needB.are neededC.can beneeding D.might ben eeded

9.He wascaught inthe rainlast night.That hiscold.A.must bringabout B.oughttobring aboutC.should havebrought aboutD.may havebrought about

10.1saw Janeinthestreet yesterday.You her.He isstill abroad.A.mustn tsee B.canthave seenC.mustn,thaveseen D.ought nottohaveseen

11.You mustphone usevery week.——Yes,I.A.must B.havetoC.willD.should

12.John,look atthe time.you playthe pianoat sucha late hourA.Must B.Can C.May D.Need.

13.The lineis busy.Someone thetelephone.A.may beusing B.may haveused C.must have been usingD.must beusing

14.English isa languagethat manypeople aroundthe worldn otspeakperfectly butat leastunderstand.A.may,can B.would,might C.will,must D.could,might

15.What areyou goingto dofor yourholidayr mnot sure.I makea triptothebeach.A.can B.may C.must D.should

16.1wonder whyMr.Wang didn,t attendthe lecture.He anotherone.A.could haveB.must haveC.might havehad D.should havehadfor arobber..A.must bemistaken B.was beingmistaken

17.He wastaken awayby thepolice.HeC.must mistakeD.must havebeen mistaken

18.-----Must Ibe athome at6------No,you.A.mustn,tB.cantC.needn tD.shouldn t

19.-----1wonder ifI smokehere.No,you.Could youseethesign“No Smoking”thereA.can,needntB.shall,won tC.must,cantD.may,mustn t

20.Tom alwaysdid wellin allhis subjects,so heinthefin alexam.A.mustn tfail B.couldn thave failedC.ought notto failD.mustn thave failed

21.1didn,tgoto workyesterday afternoonbecause mycar brokedown.You mine.I wasnt usingit.A.might borrowB.couldhaveborrowed C.can haveborrowedD.oughttoborrow

22.A computerthink foritself,it mustbe toldwhat todo.A.cantB.couldn tC.may notD.might not

23.I didnt hearthe phone.I asleep.A.mustbeB.must havebeen C.should beD.shouldhavebeen

24.We lastnight,but wewent tothe concertinstead.,A.must havestudied B.might studyC.should havestudiedD.would study

25.Tom oughtnottome yoursecret,but hemeant nohar m.A.havetoldB.tell C.be tellingD.having told

26.1haven tseen Mr.White forweeks.What tohimA.must havehappened B.may havehappenedC.can havehappened D.may happen

27.The firespread throughthe hotelvery quicklybut everyone—get out.A.had toB.would C.could D.wasableto

28.Will youstay forlunchSorry,.My brotheris comingtoseeme.A.I mustn tB.I cantC.I needntD.I wont

29.I wasreally anxiousabout you.You homewithout aw ord.A.mustntleave B.shouldn thave leftC.couldn thave leftD.needntleave

30.1hear youve gota setof valuableAustralian coins.I havea lookYes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should。