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英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习
一、简单句
1、概述只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句I ama student.我是一个学生She likesEnglish verymuch.她非常喜欢英语He usuallydoes morningexercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操
2、简单句的基本句型英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略这五个基本句式:主谓结构S+；V主系表结构S+V+P；主谓宾结构S+V+O；主谓双；宾结构S+V+HO+DO主谓宾补结构S+V+O+C说明S二主语；V二谓语；P二表语；二宾语；工0二间接宾语;DO二直接宾语；C二宾语补足语1主谓结构S+V在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词vi.oHe runsquickly.他跑得快They listenedcarefully.他们听得很仔细He sufferedfrom coldand hunger.他挨冻受饿China belongsto the third worldcountry.中国属于第三世界国家The gashas givenout.煤气用完了My inkhas runout.我的钢笔水用完了ways）We alsobelieve that many morepeople willprefer totravel by air.我们还认为会有更多的人愿意乘飞机旅行（主句是We alsobelieve但意义不完整,从句是thatmanymorepeople willprefer totravelbyair”）
2、从句的基本概念及其结构从句不能独立成为一个句子，虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起从句的结构通常是关联词+主语+谓语When工came home,my wifewas cookingdinner.我回家时，妻子在做晚饭He said-hat hewould come.他说他要来Did yousee theIe廿er-hat工sent him你看到我寄给他的信了吗？Whether thefootball gamewill beplayeddepends ontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定
3、关联词（）connective引导从句的关联词共有下列5类
（1）从属连词that（无词义）,before（在…前），whether（是否），after（在…之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自从）because（因为），as/so longas（只要），when（当z时…候），so that（结果）
（2）疑问代词who,which,whom,what,whose等
（3）疑问副词when,why,where,how
（4）关系代词who,which,whom,that,whose
（5）关系副词when,why,where
4、关联词在从句中的功用举例We canttravel throughthe forestby roadbecausethere arentany roads!我们不能从陆路穿过森林,因为这儿根本没有路可走!（关联词是从属连词because,引导状语从句）I thinkthat itswrong/o eatmonkeys,so Idont.我认为吃猴子是不对的，所以我不吃（关联词是从属连词that,引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分）Anybody whobreaks theruleis punished.谁要是破坏了这条规则，谁就要受到惩罚（关联词是关系代词who,引导定语从句，在从句中作主语）Although itwas expansive,we decidedto buythecomputer.虽然价钱昂贵，我们还是决定把计算机买下来（关联词是从属连词although,引导状语从句）Would youplease letme knowwhen youhave amatch你们有比赛的时候,请告诉我好吗？（关联词是疑问副词when,引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语）What weneed ismore time我们需要的是更多的时间（关联词是疑问代词what,引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语）
5、从句的功用和种类从句在复合句中，可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等，因此，可分为六类即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句The dam,which isIhe biggestin theworld,is3830zmetres long.这座水坝是世界上最大的一座，长3830米（含有which引导的定语从句）Over500people wereworking in the buildingwhen thefirebroke outon theI什h floor.当11层楼起火的时候，大楼内有500人在工作（含有when引导的时间状语从句）Thechief editordecides whichwill be十he mostimp十ant storyon-he frontpage.由主编决定哪篇报导最重要，应安排在头版（含有which引导的宾语从句）Whether shewill comeor notisstill a question.她是否会来仍是一个问题（含有whether引导的主语从句）That iswhere he was boon.这就是他出生的地方（含有where引导的表语从句）We heardthe newsthat ourteam hadwon.我们听至U了我们球队己经获胜的消息（含有that引导的同位语从句）
四、点击考点,工1ts afine day.Lets gofishing,A.wont weB.will weC.dont weD.shall we
2.Dont smokein theclassroom,A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you
3.He seldomhas lunchat school,A.hasnt heB.has heC.doesnt heD.does he
4.We had to read the firstlesson,weA.didnt B.shouldnt C.dont D.werent
5.You haveJohn dothe work,A.do youB.dont youC.havent youD.have you
6.Let ushave alook,A.will youB.would youyou Cwont youD.wouldnt
7.Nobody came,A.did heB.didnt heC.didnt theyD.did they
8.You oughtto waitfor Joan,,A.oughtnt youyouB.shouldn t youC.dontD.wontyou
9.We hadbetter waitfor yourgirl friendJuliet,A.hadnt weB.dont weC.didnt weashantwe
10.There issomeone at the door,A.isnt thereB.is thereC.isnt heD.is itll.-Im hungry.-Id likea sandwich,A.would youB.do youC.couldnt youD.dont you
12.-Frank isup lateworking again.-This isthethirdtime thisweek heshadtostudy late,A.isnt itB.hasnt heC.isnt heb.hasnt it
13.You andI didit together,A.didnt youB.didnt IC.didnt web.did you
14.Theyshould havefinished italready,A.shouldnt theyB.havent theyC.havethey D.should they
14.She maydo itif shewants to,A.maynt sheB.doesnt sheC.shant sheD.wont she
16.You musthave toldMr.A thesecret zA.haven*tyouB.have youC.mustnt youb.must you
17.She dislikesthis skirt,A.doesnt sheB.does sheC.isnt sheD.is she
18.Wang saidthat hewas notthere then,A.did heB.didnt heC.was heD.wasnt he
19.1suppose heis serious,A.do IB.dont IC.is heb.isnt he2O.Hes finishedthe workz1A.isnt heB.docsnt heC.hasn theD.wasnthe21,-You arentan actress,are youAYes,I amnot B.No,I amC.Yes,I wasntD.No,but Iwas■
22.-How areyour parentsA.They aredrivers B.They likewatching TVC.They arefiftyD.They arefine.Thank you
23.-is yourbrother-He isa teacherin amiddle school.A.What B.Who C.Which D.Where
24.-will youget marriedto him-In twoweeks.A.How longB.How soonC.How oftenD.How many
25.Have youever seenas cleveras heA.a personB.such personCperson D.an person
26.A.Allthat glittersis not gold.B.All isnotgold that glitters.C.None isgoldthatglitters.D.Not allgold glitters.The correctanswers are.A.A CB.B,C C.D.A,Bt
17.She setout soonafter darkhome anhour later.A.arriving B.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived
28.My nameis Robert,most ofmy friendscall meBob forshort.A.then B.instead C.however D.but
29.-Did youhear aboutthefire downthe street-There alot ofnews aboutit onTV lastnight.A.was B.had C.is D.were
30.There atable twocomputers andthree chairszin the room.A.have B.has C.is D.are
31.There twofilms thisweek inour school.A.is B.have C.has beenb.have been
32.There usedto bea templehere,A.usednt汁B.used thereC.didt itD.didnt there
33.There atall treeatthefoot of the mountain.A.lie B.has C.stand D.stands
34.There nobodyinthe room.A.tbe B.happened^happened to be D.happened be
35.There ameeting tonight.A.is goingtobeB.is goingto haveCis goingto D.is goingbe答案l.D
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.B
6.A
7.D
8.A
9.A
10.A U.A
12.A
13.C
14.A
15.A
16.A
17.A
18.B
19.D
20.C
21.D
22.D23,A
24.B
25.A
26.D
27.D
28.D
29.A
30.C
31.D
32.D
33.D
34.C
35.APlants growwell allthe yearround.一年四季植物生长良好2主系表结构S+V+P在此句式中，V是系动词linkv.,常见的系动词有look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,small,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/s汁still,become,turn等He isolder thanhe looks.他比看上去要老He seemsinterested inthe book他似乎对这本书感兴趣The storysounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣The deskfeels hard.书桌摸起来很硬The caketastes nice.饼尝起来很香The flowerssmell sweetand nice.花闻起来香甜You havegrown tallerthan before.你长得比以前高了He hassuddenly fallenill.他突然病倒了He stoodquite still.他静静地站着He becomesa teacherwhen hegrew up.他长大后当了教师He couldnever turntraitor tohis country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国注意有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式He lookedme up and down.他上下打量我He reachedhis handto feelthe elephant.他伸出手来摸象They aretasting thefish.他们在品尝鱼They growrice intheir hometown.他们在家乡种水稻Hes gota chairto siton.他有椅子坐Please turnthe sentenceinto English.请把这个句于译成英语3主谓宾结构S+V+0在此句式中，V是及物动词vt.,因此有宾语I sawa filmyesterday.我昨天看了一部电影Have youreadthestory你读过这个故事吗？They foundtheir homeeasily.他们很容易地找到他们的家They builta houselast year.他们去年建了一所房子Theyve putupafactory inthe village.他们在村里建了一座工厂They havetaken goodcare of the children.他们把这些孩子照看得很好You shouldlook afteryour childrenwell.你应该好好照看你的孩子4主谓双宾结构S+V+HO+DO在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,；buy,get rob,warn等
①简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用t后置He gaveme a book/a bookto me.他给了我一本书He broughtme a pen/apento me.他带给我一枝钢笔He offeredme his seat/hisseatto me.他把座位让给我
②简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用for后置Mother boughtme a book/abookfor me.妈妈给我买了一本书He gotme a chair/achairfor me.他给我弄了一把椅子Please dome a favor/afavorfor me.请帮我一下He askedme aquestion/aquestionof me.他问我个问题
③简接宾语不能紧接动词之后，要用介词后置They robbedthe oldman ofhis money.他们抢了老人的钱Hes warnedme ofthe danger.他警告我注意危险The doctorhas curedhim ofhis disease.医生治好了他的病We mustrid thehouse ofthe rats.我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠They deprivedhim ofhis rightto speak.他们录恃了他说话的权利5主谓宾补结构5+V+O+C在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论请看下面的例子They madethe girlangry.他们使这个女孩生气了They foundher happythat day.他们发现那天她很高兴I foundhim out.我发现他出去了I sawhim in.我见他在家They sawa footmark inthe sand.他们在沙地上发现了一个脚印They namedthe boyCharlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理I sawhim comein andgo out.我见他进来又出去They feltthe carmoving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快I heardthe glassbroken justnow.我刚才听到玻璃碎了He foundthe doorof studyclosed tohim.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了
3、There be句型（详参There be结构一章）There be结构是一个重要的基本句型，它由There+be+主语+壮语”构成There isabookon thedesk.桌子上有一本书There isa deskand twochairs intheroom.屋子里有一张桌子两把椅子
二、并列句
1、概述由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句（compound sentence）□并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号）常见的并列句结构是简单句+并列连词+简单句这种简单句常被叫做分句工help him型坦he helpsme.我帮助他，他帮助我（并列连词是and）This is our firstlesson,so Idont knowall yournames.这是我们的第一堂课，因此我不知道大家的名字（并列连词so前有逗号）She likesbread andmilk,but shedoesnt likeeggs atall.她喜欢面包和牛奶，但她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋（并列连词是but）You candraw agood horsein fiveminutes,yet youkeptme waitingfor ayear.你能在五分钟之内画好——匹马,然而你却让我等了一年（并列连词是yet）Hurry up,or youllbe late.快点，否则你就会迟到（并列连词是or）One wasfilled withkerosene,one withcastor oiland onewithvinegar.一个（瓶子）装满煤油，一个（瓶子）装满堂麻油，还有一个（瓶子）装满醋（此句由3个分句组成，并列连词是and）
2、并列连词并列连词（或连接副词）根据不同含义，分为如下几类
（1）表示连接，常用的有and、not only...but also、neither...nor等Right nowits thesummer vacationand Imhelping mydadonthefarm.眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活Not onlyishe ourteacher,but alsoheisourfriend.他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友Neitherdid thenaughty boygo homenor didhisparents cometo searchfor him.这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他2表示转折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however while等We growrice inthe southoftheStates,but inthenorth whereit iscolder theygrow whcai■.在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦The workerhunted forjobs inNew Yorkfor months,yethe couldntfind anywork.这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到Certainly heapologized,however,I wontforgive him.他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他Instead,he askedhis fatherwhy hewas notable tohatchchickens whilehenscould.他反问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能3表示选择，常用的有or、or else、otherwise、otherwise、either...or等They mustbe takenaway fromthe heatofthefire,orthey mightget burnt.他们必须从炉火边拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的Take thisbus orelseyou wontget therein time.搭这辆公共汽车吧，否则你将无法及时到达那里Work hard,otherwiseyou1II besorry.努力用功，否贝1J你会后悔Either youare mador Iam.不是你疯了，就是我疯了4表示原因，只有for一个词They hadoften heardof elephants,but theyhad neverseenone,for beingblind,how couldthey他们常常听说过大象，但从来没看到过，因为他们是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？5表示结果，常用的有so、thereforeIts timeof yearfor therice harvest,so everyday Iworkfrom dawnuntil dark,这是一年中收割稻谷的时期，因此，我每天都从早到晚的劳动十He workedday andnight,herefore,hewasable tobuythe sportscar.他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车6并列复合句除以上简单的并列句之外，还有一种较复杂的并列句，叫做并列复合句compound complex sentence,即其中的一个分句可包含一个以上从句工I suckeda finger,but thefinger put into my mouthwas notthe one工had dipped into the cup.我吮吸了手指，但是我放进嘴里的指头不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那个指头这句话中的第二个分句即含有定语从句工putintomymouth及I haddippedintothecup在语言的实际运用中，可能会有更加复杂的并列句，如并列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一个以上的从句，从句里可能又有从句但读者只要掌握了各种句子的结构，不管句子多么复杂，自会迎刃而解
三、复合句
1、概述复合句complexsentence由一个主句main clause和一个或一个以上的从句subordinate clause构成主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立After十he students were all inthechemistry lab,theteacher broughtout threebottles.在学生全都进入化学实验室后，老师拿出三个瓶子来主句是the teacherbrought outthreebottles,从句是After thestudentswereallinthechemistry lab”Corn isa veryuseful plant-hat canbe prepared in manydifferentways.玉米是一种非常有用的作物,可用许多不同的方法制作成食物主句是Corn isa veryuseful plant,从句是thatcan bepreparedinmany different。
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