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、时态的数轴的思维导图动词的时态和语态have beende nghave donewill dohad donewill have donewould havedne晔is doingwaswill be doingingPastpastpresent futurepast考点
一、现在时
一、一般现在时.含义）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用11I leavehome fbrschool at7every morning.）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实2The earthmoves aroundthe sun.Shanghai liesin thecast ofChina.）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性3Ann Wangwrites goodEnglish butdoes notspeak well.）等）、条件状语从句（）中常用一般现在时表4not....until....as...hen,before,after,not….until.…if,unless,as longas...示将来Anything will become boringif youdo itrepetitively.As longas itdoesn*t raintomorrow,we will have atrip onschedule..常用的时间状语频率副词often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,hardly,never2）短语（等），（等），（等），（等），（）2every dayonce/twice aweek onSunday in the morningat eight,now andthen,from timeto timeHeusually goesto schoolby bike..谓语切词形式.谓语动词的被动语态3do/does am/is/are doneIn the spokenEnglish ofsome areasin theU.S,the nrn soundsat the end of the wordsarc dropped.练习用所给单词的适当形式填空How closeparents areto theirchildren（have）a stronginfluence onthedevelopment of the childrenscharacters.（）
1.If yourcall isnot answeredwithin twominutes,you adviseto hangup anddial again.（）
2.We will be losingmoney thisyear unlessthat neweconomic planof yourswork miracle.（）
3.It turnout thatmaking aplan iseasier thancarrying itout.（）
4.The growthof part-time andflexible workingpatterns,and oftraining andretraining schemes,allow morewomen totakeadvantage ofemployment opportunities.
二、现在进行时.定义）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为；）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作
12.标志性时间词1）以Look!或Listen!开头的句子1Look!The childrenare playinggames over there.Listen!Who*s singingin theclassroom）当句子中有（现在）,（此时此刻），（此时此刻）时常表示说话时动作正在进2now at the momentat thismoment彳亍We arereading Englishnow.Difterent peopleare doingdifferent thingsat themoinent in the world.）当表明现在是几点，某人正在做什么3Its4:
50.Wc archaving class..谓语动词形式,谓语动词的被动语态练习2atn/is/arc doingani/is/are being done（）
1.Because ofclimate change,the iccthat polarbears dependon fbrsurvival disappearslowly.（）
2.A newbridge buildovertheQiantang Riveratthemoment.（）
3.The pricesof housesrise becausethe demandof thembecome moreand moregreat.（）
4.If acomputer crashes,you willlose thefile youwork unlessyou saveit regularly.
三、现在完成时.含义）表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响1The musicianalong withhis bandmembers hasgiven tenperformances in the lastthree months.China7s high-speed railwayshavegrown from9,000to25,000kilometers in the pastfew years.）表示从过去某时开始而延续至今（可能还要延续下去）的动作或状态2His firstnovel hasreceived goodreviews since it cameout last month.-I rememberyou werea talentedpianist atcollege.Can youplay the piano fbrme-Sorry,1havent playedthepianofor years..常由时间状语.1副词
①常用于肯定句中，放在后，表示“刚刚”1already,not....yetJust,ever,never,recently,before justhavc/has Thetwoastronauts havejust returnedfrom thespace station.表示否定，放在后，表示〃从未”©never have/hasHe has never visited the GreatWall.
③用于疑问句中，表示“曾经”，句型为主语过去分词？”…曾经……过吗？”用于询问ever Have/Has++ever+某人过去的经历Have youever beento thefarm
④用于句末，表示以前”beforeThe womanhasneverheard ofthat before.
⑤用于否定句或疑问句句末表示“仍未，还未”.yet not...yetnot…yet一Has thetrain arrivedyet一No,not yet.
⑥用于肯定句，之后或句末，表示“已经”.already have/has1We havealready finishedit.2The trainhas leftalready.
⑦所用于句首或句末，表示“到目前为止，迄今为止”.sSo far,we havevisitedthemoon.短语时间段，时间段，时间点，时间段+2up tonow,for/over+in the last/past/recent+these days,since+since+ago,康句现在完成时+从句-，般过去时since+We havelearnt500words thesedays.Who isa geniusThis questionhas greatlyinterested humankindfor centuries.固定句型时间段+自从…以来已经.3©since+since....・・It is/has beenten years since Igraduated fromthe university.
②序数词+从句现在完成时Il/That/This is the+time that This is the first time thatI have been here..谓语动词谓语动词的被动语态3have/has done.havc/has been done Thework has been finishedby Jim.The samestudies have beendonein Asia.练习During the60yearssincethe foundingof theNew China,we gothrough millionsof upsand downs.
1.A Britishresearch studyshows that,globally,peoples walkingspeedsincrease by10percent overthelastdecade.
2.So far,the ShanghaiWorld Expoproveto be a greatsuccess aspeople expected.
3.I wonderwhy Jennywriteto usrecently.We shouldhave heardfrom herby now.
4.It isthe firsttime thathe Spanishplayer RafaelNadalwin theU.S.Open TennisChampionship.
5.Up tonow,the HopeProjectsave thousandsof childrenwho wouldotherwise havedied.
四、现在完成进行时含义L表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，也可能继续下去，强调动作的延续性Im tiredout.I havebeen shoppingall theafternoon andI dontseem tohave finishedanything.-Excuse me,which movieare youwaiting fbr—The newStar Wars.We havebeen waitinghere fbrmore thantwo hours.The studentshavebeenworking hardon theirlessons and their effortswill berewarded withsuccess in the end..谓语动词练习2havc/has been doing
1.The worldgold pricerisefor thelast five years,which isnow over1000dollars perounce.
2.For fortyyears JaneGoodallhelp therest of the worldunderstand andrespect thelife of these animals.考点
二、过去时
一、一般过去时.定义表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态11有时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
2.他昨天五点皆开家的He lefthome athalf pastfive yesterday.过去李明总是骑自行车去上班Li Mingalways wentto workby bikein the past LinTao leftfor Shanghaiat8:
00.林涛昨天早上八点去上海了,昨晚他生病了yesterday morningHe wasill lastnight.一般过去时的时间标志词
21.yesterday,the daybefore yesterday.简称系列，上一个
2.last week/year/month/term...last last简称系歹，之前
3.two hoursago,three years ago,a momentago...ago Uago:...+过去的年/月/日，如
4.in/on in1999,in April,2005冈才，从前,
5.just nowl]once upona timelong longago,one day...过去•谓语动自
6.in the past did.谓语动词的被动语态练习3was/were done
1.Chinese PremierWen Jiabaoarriveat Copenhagen,capital ofDenmark,on Dec.16,2009Wednesday evening,fbr theongoingUN ClimateChange Conference.
2.Everyone whosaw StarWars said that itbeone of the bestscience fictionmovies thathad everbeen released.
3.The boycatchsmoking acigartte.一一
4.Im toldthat youarc leavingfor Beijing.Whosay so
二、过去进行时含义必在过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作；旦•过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作.常用的时间状语at thattime在那时，at thistime yesterday在昨天的这个时候1昨天上午点，上周日从上午点到晚上点“过去进行时+at6am yesterday6from6am to9pm lastSunday69when一般过去时”的句子当…时等+一般现在时，过去进行时”“一般现在时+过去进行时”“When+while+“过去进行时+过去进行时”while+He waswatching TVat thattime.When I got home,my motherwas cooking.My parentswere makingdumplings when Igothome yesterday evening.-I sawMr.Smith in the officeat tenyesterday morning.—That isimpossible.He washaving anEnglish partywith usthen..谓语动词.谓语动词的被动语态2was/were doingwas/were beingdoneWhlie thiswas beingdone,he twobuckets wereleft standingtogether nearthe well.练习一Whats thematter,Sara Youwear asad lookon yourface.——Oh,nothing much.As amatter offact,I justthinkof myfriends backhome.
1.1called Alicemany timesyesterdayevening,but Icouldnt getthrough.Her brothertalkon thephone all the time!
3.Unfortunately,whenIgot thereshe justleave,so weonly hadtime fora fewwords.
4.This bridgebuildat thistime lastyear.1234zfv/V/V/\\JZ
三、过去
5.When BillGates decided to stopschooling andcreated Microsoftin1975,hestudy lawat HarvardUniversity.完成时.含义表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去She hadlearned someEnglish beforeshecame to the institute.It tookme along timebefore Iwas ableto fiillyappreciate what they had done forme..常用时间状语I by+过去的时间/by then1固定句型序数词+从句过去完成时2It/This/That was the+time+thatThiswasthefirsttimethat theyhad evermet.和•.这两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时3hardly...when nosooner...han.・Hardly hadwe arrivedwhen thematchstarted.I hadhardly answeredthe teacherwhen heinterrupted me..谓语动词谓语动词的被动语态4haddone.had beendoneThe roomhad beencleaned whenI camein.练习My grandfatherwas afraidof leavingthe onlyhome theyknow for thepast60years.
1.Wife hardlypreparea bigdinner whenHusband wasaware of their eighthwedding anniversaryhat day.
2.Our monitor,who bythengain admissionto FudanUniversity,decidedto do somepart-time jobsto gainmore practicalexperience.
3.According toa housingresearch organization,the houseprice inChinarise toits highpoint bytheend of lastyear.
4.By theendoflastmonth,alltheworkdo.
四、‘过去将来时.含义立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中He saidhe wouldcome tosee me.He toldme hewould go to Beijing.She saidshe wasgoing tostart offat once..谓语动词或者,谓语动词的被动语态和1would dowas/were goingto dowould be done was/wcrc goingto bedoneIt wassaidthat they wouldbe selectedby lottery.They announcedthattheflight wouldbe delayed.练习US secretaryHilary Clintonsaid recentlythat sheretire soonto enjoyprivate life.
2.He saidhewait fbrus atthe station.考点
三、将来时
一、一般将来时.定义将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；11将来经常或反复发生的动作2•时间标志词tomorrow,the dayafter tomorrow,in thefuture2系歹下一个时间段…之后next I・・・:next hour,next day,next week,next year,next term,next timein+in10years,intwo days,in twentyminutes不久，立刻.谓语动词will do或者am/is/are goingto do或者ain/is/are aboutto dosoon.谓语动词的被动语态或者3will bedone am/is/are foingto bedone Hisname willbe writtendown in history.If wedontkeep bringingthis to the attentionof thepeople,nothing willbedone..有些瞬间动词，如等，可以用现在进行时表示短暂的将来如4come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return一一1Tom,dinner isready.Im coming,Mum.2The planeis arriving.3I amleaving.练习rm surethat yourletter getimmediate attention.They knowyoure waitingforthereply.
1.The bridgebuildnext year.
2.Standing on the topof theOriental PearlTower,youhave agood birds-cyc viewof Shanghaicity.
3.After thistime,testsdo everyfiveyears.
二、将来进行时.含义将来某一具体时间正在进行的动作Jane cantattend themeeting at3o clockthis afternoonbecause shewillbe attendinga classat thattime..谓语动词；总结1willbe doing主动语态）（为例）被动语态1d2时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在⑴do5be doing9havedone13havebeen doing过去2did6bedoing10haddone14had beendoing将来3will do7willbedoing llwillhavedone15willhavebeendoing一般完成进行perfect进行continuous颈perfectsimplecontinuousHave/has been being现在Is/am/areIs/am/are done Have/hasbeendonedonepresent Beingdone过去Was/wereHad been being doneWas/were doneHad beendonepast beingdoneWill/shall havebeenWill/shall Will/shallWill/shall bedone将来futuredonebe beingdone Have beenbeingdone过去将来Should/would Should/would Should/would Should/wouldthe pastfuture bedone BebeingdoneHavebeendoneHavebeenbeingdone过去将来4would do8wouldbe doing12would havedone16would havebeendoing
一、单句语法填空The planwill extendprotection toa significantnumber of areasthatbepreviously unprotected,
1.After athree-year pilotperiod,the GPNPwillbeofficially setup nextyear.The GPNPdesignto reflectthe guidingprincipleoffprotecting theauthenticity andintegrity完整t生of naturalecosystems,preserving biologicaldiversity,资产八.protecting ecologicalbuffer zones,and leavingbehind preciousnatural assetsfbr fiituregenerations
2.Henryfix hiscar whenhe heardthe screams.
3.He lookedup andsaw Erichanging fromthe balcony.He quicklythrowhis toolsaside,and startedrunning,amis out.
4.Inthelast fiveyears,Caowalk through34countries insix continents.
5.The chairmanoftheChina CulturePromotion Societyaddressthe openingceremony.
6.Travelling toconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike frequentlyby planeview asimportant fbrscientists togettogether andexchange information.
7.But Cobband othersbe nowquestioning thatidea pushingconferences toprovide morechances toparticipate remotely,and changetheir personalbehavior todo theirpart indealing withthe climatechange crisis.高考真题
8.On awebsite calledNo FlyClimate Sei,fbr example,roughly200academics—many ofthem climatescientists promisetofly aslittle aspossible sincethe effortstarted twoyearsago.
9.You canthelp wonderinghow hardit befbr thepeople thento putall thoserocks intoplace.
10.Whenever Iheard ofbusinesses usingplastic,Id sendan email.One ofthe biggestcompanies Iwrote tobe AlaskaAirlinesParis.
11.The XianCity Wallisthemost completecity wallthat hassun ivedChinas longhistory.It buildoriginally toprotect the修复.city inthe Tangdynasty andhas nowbeen completelyrestored
12.Wehire ourbikes fromthe rentalplace atthe SouthGate.
13.It doesntimpress likeGeorge Washingtonsplantation onthe Potomac,but Lincolnshome indowntown Springfield,Illinois,prove irresistibleto visitorssinceitopened tothe public.
14.Maiys nicccwrote,HThe littlehome paintwhite.It wassweet andfresh.Mary lovedit.
15.After Lincolnwas electedPresident ofthe USin1861,they rentedthe houseandsell mostoftheirftimiture.
16.It iscalculated bydividing apersons weightin kgby theirheight inmeters squared,and aBMI ofbetween19and25consider healthy.
17.The studyfound thatbetween1985and2017,average ruralBMI increasedby
2.1in womenand men.In cities,however,the gainbeI.3in womenand
1.6in men.
18.As itconnectthings,your brainturns theminto astory,and youget adream.
19.Therebe adramatic riseinthenumber ofextreme weatherevents overthepast20years,causing largelyby risingglobaltemperatures,according toa newreport fromthe UnitedNations.探测器一一
20.The unmannedChang*e-4probe thename wasinspired byan ancientChinese moongoddess touchdownlast weekintheSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
21.This reallyexcites scientists,Carle Pieters,a scientistat BrownUniversity,says,because itmean wchave thechance toobtaininfbnnation abouthow themoonconstructAA.
22.This iswhy decoratingwith plants,fruits andflowerscarry specialsignificance.
23.The artistwas surehe wouldchoose,but whenhe presentedhis masterpiecetotheemperors chiefminister,the oldmanlaughed.传奇的
24.When heasked thevillagers onthe banksoftheriver wherehe couldfind thelegendary artist,they smiledandpointdown theriver.
25.The80,000objects collectedby SirHans Sloane,fbr example,form thecore collectionoftheBritish Museumwhichopened in
1759.
26.The partsof amuseum opentothepubliccall galleriesor rooms.
27.Often,only asmall partof amuseums collectionbeon display.Most ofit isstored awayor usedfbr research.
28.Oliver isa hostofaTV programmeon food.He saysfoodplay abig roleinhislife.
29.Singlc-usc plasticbags arcused atmost afew timesbefore theythrowaway.
二、语法填空年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国乙卷阅读改编2022In1916,two girlsof wealthyfamilies,best friendsfrom Auburn,N.Y.j_travel toa settlementintheRocky Mountainstoteach ina one-room schoolhouse.Their stayin Elkheadisthesubject ofNothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation ofTwoSociety Girlsinthe West byDorothy Wickenden,who2beamagazine editorand DorothyWoodruffs granddaughter.Why didthey gothen Well,they wantedtodosomething useful.Soon,however,they realizedwhattheyXundertake.They movedin witha localfamily,the Harrisons,and,like them,had littleprivacy,rare baths,and ablanket ofsnow ontheirquilt whenthey4_wake upinthemorning.In Wickendensbook,she expandedonthehistory oftheWestand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse5influcnccdthc牵；步girls*decision togotoElkhcad.A hair-raising sectionconcerns thebuilding ofthe railroads,which entaileddrillingthrough theRockies,often inblinding snowstorms.The book6end withRosamond andDorothy*s returnto Auburn.坚忍WickcndcnJ bcavery goodstoryteller.The sweepoftheland andthe stoicismofthepeople moveher tosomebeautiftil writing.Here isa pictureof DorothyWoodnifK onher horse,8_look downfrom ahill top:When thesun slippedbehindthe mountains,it sheda rosyglow allaround them.Then afiill moonrose.The snow9marke onlyby smallanimals:fbxes,coyotes,mice,and varyinghares,which,10turn whiteinthewinter.”。
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