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初三英语语法知识点初三英语语法知识点可数名词变复数的几种形式
1.单数名词力口s:students,apples,bags,trees,books,brothers.
2.以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词力口es:glasses,boxes,brushes,matches.
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es:cities,babies,enemies.
4.以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es:wives,knives.但有些词只力口s:roofs,proofs,chiefs.
5.以o结尾的名词,有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.其它力口s:radio s,zoos,pianos,photos.
6.不规贝!J名词foot-feet,goose^geese,tooth^teeth,child^children,man^men,woman^women,mouse^mice.
7.单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.初三英语语法重要知识点主动语态和被动语态主动语态The ActiveVoice表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态The PassiveVoice表示主语是动作的承受者构成承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时承受者+助动词am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般过去时承受者+助动词was/were+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词shall/will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词have/has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+can/may/must/should+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者从句
1.宾语从句在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句宾语从句主要有三种类型,分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句常见的宾语从句引导词that.if.whether,what、who wherewhy和howEg.I amsad thatyou refusedme.我很难过你拒绝了我
2.定语从句定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词定语从句一般放在先行词的后面常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as等,关系副词包括where,when,why等Eg.Lily likesmusic thatis quietand gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐
3.状语从句状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等每种状语从句都有特定的引导词1地点状语从句where,wherever2时间状语从句when,while,as,before,until,till,since3原因状语从句:because,since,as,now that,not that-**,but that***,seeing that,considering that,in that4目的状语从句so,so that,in orderthat,that,to theend that,in case,for fearthat,lest5结果状语从句so...that,such that,so that,with theresult that6条件状语从句if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposingthat,provided/providingthat,on conditionthat,so/as longas7方式状语从句as,as if,as though8让步状语从句:though,although,as,even if,even though,whether,nomatterwhether...or,no matterwith初三英语语法复习知识点固定搭配only afew=fewnot afew=manyquite afew=manymany a=manyMany bookswere sold.Many abook wassold.卖出了许多书.9many,much的用法Many,much都意为〃许多〃,many+可数名词,much+不可数名词.How manypeople arethere at the meetingHowmuch timehas weleftMany ofthe workerswere atthe meeting.Much ofthe timewas spenton learning.初三英语语法知识点归纳介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词1介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,look forwait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend・・・on・・・,等2介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on ones wayto,in trouble,at breakfast,attheend of,in theend等3介词与形容词的搭配be latefor,be afraidof,be goodat,be interestedin,be angrywith,be fullof,be sorryfor等短语动词的分类1动词+介词常见的有look for,look after,ask for,laugh at,hear of等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如Don tlaugh atothers.Tom askedhis parentsfor abike.2动词+副词常见的有give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如You’11hand inyour homeworktomorrow.Please dont forgetto handit in.3动词+副词+介词常见的有go on with,catch upwith等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Go onand I11catch upwith youin fiveminutes.After ashort rest,he wentonwithhis researchwork.4动词+名词+介词常见的有take careof,make use of,pay attentionto,make funof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如You shouldpay attentionto yourhandwriting.We shouldmake fulluseofour time.5动词+形容词常见的有leave open,set free,cut open等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如The prisonerswere setfree.He cutit open.6动词+名词常见的有take place,make friends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如This storytook placethree yearsago.I makefriends witha lotof people.初三英语语法知识点总结
1.介词的功能介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语例如The boyover thereis John,s brother.(定语)The girlwill be back in two hours.(状语)Our Englishteacher isfrom Australia.俵语)Help yourselfto somefish.(宾语补足语)
2.常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词at,in on表示时间点用ato例如at sixo clock,at noon,at midnighto表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in例如:in theninettenthcentury,in2002,in may,in winter,in themorning,in theafternoon等表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on例如on Monday,onJuly1st,on Sundaymorning等since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用例如1haven theard fromhim sincelast summer.After fivedays theboy cameback.in,afterin与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语例如He willbebackintwomonths.He willarrive afterfour oclock.He returnedafter amonth.2表示地点的介词at,in,onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;n往往表示“在某个物体的表面”例如He arrivedin Shanghaiyesterday.They arrivedat asmall villagebefore dark.There isa bighole in the wall.The teacherput upa pictureon thewall.over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在上面”,但具体含义不同Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是underabove也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是belowOn指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面例如There isa bridgeover the river.We flewabove theclouds.They putsome flowerson theteacher,s desk.across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边“,但用法不同Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行例如The dogran acrossthe grass.The boyswam acrosstheriver.They walkedthrough theforest.I pushedthrough thecrowds.in front of,in thefront ofinfront of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in thefront of表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内例如There aresome talltrees infront ofthe building.The teacheris sittinginthefrontofthe classroom.。
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