高中英语语法：动词不定式易错点

高中英语i吾法动词不定式易错^同学们在做题时往往容易把不定式和动名词、现在分词混淆，造成使用错误下面结合典例和平时的运用情况归纳了几种易混易错的情况不定式符号和介词的混淆to to不定式的考查直接与相关一些固定的句式和短语中都带有同学们很容易混淆to to,例1It tookyears ofwork reducethe industrialpollution andclear thewater.解析考查不定式在固定句式中的运用to reduceIt takes/took sometime to do sth.意为“做某事花费多长时间”，故填to reduce例2If youfind somethingyou lovedoing outsideof theoffice,youll beless likelybring yourworkhome.解析考查固定搭配的用法.意为“可能做某事”,故填to bringbe likelyto do sth tobringo这样的动词短语不是很多如to doing sth.动词+介词动名词

1.to+坚持做某事stick to doing sth.适用于做某事apply to doing sth.反对做某事object to doing sth.负责做某事see to doing sth.动词+宾语+介词动名词

2.to+献身于某事apply oneselfto doing sth.反对做某事have anobjection to doingsth.形容词介词动名词

3.be+/done+to+习惯于做某事be usedto doingsth.反对做某事be opposedto doingsth.其他结构+介词动名词

4.to+开始做某事get downtodoingsth.盼望做某事look forwardtodoingsth.动词后接动名词还是不定式作宾语例3I hearda passengerbehind meshouting tothe driver,but herefused stopuntil wereachedthe nextstop.解析考查不定式做宾语句意为……但司机坚持要到下一站才停车后to stop0refuse接不定式作宾语，意为“拒绝做某事”例4In fact,dogs thathadnt eatenit butwere scoldedby themisinformed ownerstendedshow themost elementsof theguilty look”.解析事实上，没有吃食物的狗却因误报被主人责备，他们更易于表现出“内疚to showo表情”中的大多数因素易于、倾向于做某事，故填tend todo toshow不定式符号的省略与否to不定式符号常常省略的情况t不定式用于等使役动词和

1.let,make,have feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,look等感官动词后作宾语补足语时必须省略at,listen to,sense toTheymade himtell themeverything.We all felt thehouse shake.当用于被动语态时，其后必须带如tHe wasmade towork twentyhours aday.当后作宾语补足语的不定式为时，不能省略如feel tbe tTheyallfeltthe planto beunwise.不定式作介词的宾语，其前有则不定式不带；如没有不定式带

2.except/but do,todo,to如Theres littlewe cando exceptwait.Wh haveno choicebut towait.主语以等开头的句子中有行为动词时，作表语的不定式省

3.what,all,the onlything do略tThe onlything todo nowis to go on.当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常第一个不定式用了时，其余不定式中

4.t的可省略toIt iseasier topersuade peoplethan toforce them.但如果两者有对比关系，则后面不定式前的不可省略tTo tryand failis betterthan notto tryat all.为了避免重复，动词可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号

5.tI shallgo ifI want to.但被省略的不定式是短语时，则应保留to bet beHe is notthe manhe usedto be.固定搭配如

6.最好做某事had betterdo宁愿做某事would ratherdo例5The positionof theclassroom withits viewmade mefelt likeI wasdreaming.解析是使役动词，后接动词原形作宾语补足语，构成结构，felWeeL makemake sbdo sth.意为“使某人做某事”例6So itcan helpthe tirednessout ofthe immunesystem andallow peoplefeel moreenergetic.解析它可以助减少免疫系统的疲劳，并使人感到更加精力充沛to feeLforgiveness allow“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语,故填sb.tod tofeel作状语用不定式还是现在分词例7Skilled workersalso combinevarious hardwoodsand metalcreate specialdesigns.解析考查不定式作目的状语句意能工巧匠把各种硬木和金属结合起来以创to createO造出特殊的装饰图案例8When anew daybreaks,the wallshave givenup theirheat andare nowcold enoughcoolthe houseduring thehot day.解析考查不定式短语作状语，表示结果to COOlo现在分词做状语，通常表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、方式等不定式作状语的情况有目的状语常用的有，另外，和二者均不能

1.tod inorder tdo so as todo soas to位于句首She readsChina Dailyevery daysoas to improveher Chinese.结果状语常用结

2.enough todo,too...todo,only todo,so...as todo,such...astodo构He istoo weaktodothe work.之前有时表示“非常”“很1too only,only tooTheyare only too luckytogoabroad fora visit.…“再……也不为过”“越……越好”2cant...tooYou cantbe toocareful whencrossing theroad.3在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表示“足以..・・・.，He isstrong enoughtodothe work.结果，指没想到，意外4only todoHe hurriedhome,onlytofind hishouse locked.现在分词也可表示结果，属于递进关系5doingIt rainedfor days,ruining myholidays.不定式的时态不定式的一般式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后,或没有时间限制；进行式表示正在发生的动作或与谓语动作同时发生；完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前不定式对应不同的时态适用于以下四种情况表示“说，相信，认为”等含义的结构中如

1.He is said tostudy abroadnext year.He is said to be writing a novel.Heissaid to have passedthe drivingtest.The bookissaidto bepublished nextweek.The bookissaidto havebeen translatedinto English.用在表示“似乎，好像’等含义的结构中如

2.She seemsto havebeen ateacher formany years.表示情绪反应的词作表语，后接不定式如

3.Im delightedto hearthe news.Im sorryto havekept youwaiting.用于结构中如

4.pretend/happen todo/to bedoing/to havedoneShe happenedto bewritingaletter in the roomwhen Icome in.He pretendedtohavefinished hishomework.不定式作定语的语态

5..by theage ofthree,most childrenhave thepotential understandabout1000words-most ofthe languagethey willuse inordinary conversationfor therest oftheir lives.解析句意三岁前.，大部分儿童已具备理解约个词汇的强大能力to understando1000——他们将在余生的日常交际中使用这些语言中的大部分后接不定式作定语potentialTu isthe firstChinese personreceive aNobel Prizein naturalsciences.解析句意:屠呦呦是第一位在自然科学领域获得诺贝尔奖的土生土长的中to receiveo国人前有修饰，要用不定式作定语,故填person the first toreceiveo不定式位于所修饰的名词或代词之后作后置定语，与前面的名词或代词之间常有四种逻辑关系动宾关系不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系，如句中有不定式动作的逻辑主语，不定

1.式用主动形式；反之，用被动形式He hasmuch morehomework todo.“Do youhave clothestobewashed”his motherasked.主谓关系句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者，用主动形式；反之，用被动形式

2.He wasthefirstto comebut thelast tobe interviewedyesterday.同位关系不定式与所修饰的词构成同位关系

3.Everyone hasthe rightto voteand tobe voted.动状关系不定式所修饰的词是等时，不定式作目地/方式状语修饰

4.time,place,way谓语，动词构成动状关系Time islimited.We haveno timeto play.We shouldfirst find a placeto live.We shouldfindaway tostop pollution.还有一些抽象名词如等，常用不定式ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,excuse,attempt作定语The abilityto expressan ideais asimportant asthe ideaitself.少数动词带不同的非谓语形式动词等常接动名词作宾语,用不定式作宾语补足语（除

1.allow,permit,advise,suggest外）suggestSmoking isnot allowedin theoffice.People arenot allowedto smokeintheoffice.I suggestspending oursummer vacationin aseaside town.但不能说I suggestus tospend oursummer vacationin aseaside town动词（需要）和等，常接动名词的主动形式或不定式的

2.need,require,want deserve被动式作宾语The babyneeds lookingafter./The babyneeds tobe lookedafter.Tricycles areworth using/worthy ofbeing used/worthy tobe usedif youwanttoexplorethe narrowhutong ofold Beijing..使役动词和后接不同的非谓语形式作复合宾语如3have,let,make get让某人做某事have sb.do sth..使某人持续做某事have sb.doingsth注意与连用时，有“容忍”之意，是动名词，意为“不能容忍某人cant worTthave doing做某事”动词等常用不定式的主动形式作表语，表示被动含义，同学们易误用其被动形

4.blame式Officials believethat morethan oneperson maybe toblame forthe fire.不能帮忙做某事

5.cannot helpdosth.情不自禁做某事cannot helpdoing感官动词等既可带省略的不定式做宾语补足语，

6.see,watch,observe,notice,hear to表示全过程；也可带现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作Do youhear someonecalling forhelp。