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【通用版】中考英语二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧阅读是语言学习中不可缺少的重要一环,纵观近几年的中考试题,不难发现阅读理解题在各地中考试卷中所占比重较大所以,做好阅读理解题,是获得英语中考高分的关键!了解中考英语阅读理解的命题特点,掌握解题技巧是提高中考成绩的有效途径命题特点L文体多样,题材各异,偏重生活化阅读文体包括议论文、记叙文、应用文等;题材包括日常生活、传说、人物传记、社会文化、新闻、史地、科普、政治经济等语言地道纯正,原汁原味,具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点,有较丰富的文化蕴涵,重视社会热点问题,追踪科技前沿,具有浓厚的时代及生活气息
2.坚持把阅读技能作为考查目标中考阅读理解既考查考生对文章字面意思的理解能力,又考查考生对文章寓意的理解能力,包括对文章中叙述的具体事实的理解能力(如时间、地点、人物、事件等),根据上下文对某些词义、句义的推断理解能力以及对文章的主旨大意、作者观点、态度的理解及逻辑推理和判断能力
3.适当增加生词量,考查推断词义能力要求考生必须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断,检测考生利用构词法等知识及根据上下文猜测词义的能力,进而在较高级的措辞中探察作者的隐含意思
4.试题考点设计合理,干扰项设置水平高试题设计符合考生的认知水平,有效地避免违背生活常识和语段本意的偏题、怪题;题干简洁明晰,既避免长句、难句,又避免生硬的套语;选项表意清楚,逻辑合理,答案唯一,避免模棱两可的选项设计
5.设题的难度普遍加大原来经常出现的正误判断题越来越少,选择题则由过去设计的五个W(即what,when,where,why,who)的浅层次理解过渡到找出文章中的主旨,推理判断和理解深层次含义主要考查1)掌握所阅读材料的主旨大意和说明主旨大意的具体事实与细节;2)不仅理解阅读材料的字面意思,也理解文章的深层含意;3)理解阅读材料中的句子、段落的含义,并能依据文章整篇的脉络进行推理与判断你要在读书的过程养成一边看一边总结的习惯,思考文章中的信息揣摩作者的思想,领悟作者的意图下结论的题目通常有如下的几种方式进行提问
1.You cantell that.
2.We knowthat.
3.The passagesuggests that
4.Most peopleprobably dont()
5.Something couldmight be.
6.Something...because.
7.If somethingsomething...例如WHY TSGOODA dogwill playwith youand loveyou more than anyother pet.WHY TSBAD(过敏)It takesa lotof timeand energyto carefor adog.Dogs bark.Some peopleare allergictothem.NEEDSDogs,especially largeones,need roomto runaround.Every dayyoull need to:feed yourdogtwice,walk itat leastonce,and letit outsidefour orfive timesto poop厂pee(大<
1、便).Long-haireddogs needto bebrushed often,and mostdogs mustbe bathedone monthor so.If youtake atrip,youllhave tobring yourdog alongor askyour friendsto take care ofit.COSTThe pricesof dogs are different.Tt cancost anywhere from afree muttto morethan$500for apure-bred dog(杂种狗).Youll alsoneedtobuy alicense anda/eas/z(皮带),and takethe dogto apethospital ifit isill.It costsanywherefrom$225to$1,150a year,depending onhow muchfood iteats.BOTTOM LINEIf youre active,this maybe thepet foryou.However,young dogseven needmore attention.
1.The passagesuggests that.A.how tochoose a pet dogB.if adog is the rightpet foryouC.it isexpensive tokeep adogD.dogsareour bestfriends
2.From the passage,we learnedthat.A.apetdog cantake vacationwith youB.a pure-bred dogdoesnt needa licenseC.you shouldtakecareof dogs,especially youngonesD.mutts eatless,but pure-bred dogseat more分析
1.此题是考查作者意见结论的选择题文章的结构比较清晰,从不同的角度分析了狗是否是你理想中的宠物,因此答案选择B
2.此题是考查读者受益结论的选择题文章分析了养狗作为宠物的益处、弊端、花销,以及狗的需要每一段都表明了狗是需要人关心的,最后一段更是深化了这一结论因此答案选择Co小试牛刀National flowers are oneof thesymbols ofa country.In1986,the USAchose the rose asitsnational flower.The rosehas been around for about35million yearsand growsnaturally throughoutNorthAmerica.The petalsand hipsq/rose(玫瑰的花瓣和浆果)have beenused inmedicine sinceancienttimes.Roses arered,pink,white,or yellowand have a wonderfullyrich,almost excitingsmell.The redroseis asymbol of love andbeauty around the world.Each of the50states alsohas itsown state flower,including therose inNew York,the Oklahomarose inOklahoma,the Cherokeerose inGeorgia,and thewildprairie rosein Iowaand NorthDakota.From the passage,we canlearn that.A.people canteat rosein the pastB.theroseis asymbol of the USAC.yellow rosesmean loveD.the stateflowersarethe same分析答案是B通过题干可以看出这道题考查的是读者获益结论从文章第一段最后一句可以看出,玫瑰从古代就被用作药物,所以选项A是错误的全文的第一句是文章的总述,结合第一句和全文可以得出选项B是正确的C选项比较容易看出是错的,选项D是干扰项,关键是要弄清stateflower和national flower的区别4识别事实和观点解态度观点题学会识别文章中的内容是事实还是观点可以帮助我们进行批判地阅读,这是阅读的一种基本技能那么如何区分事实和观点呢?事实是客观存在或发生的,可以用来核查其真实性比如Thereare morethan2,000students in the school;观点是作者的看法、意图与态度,即作者本人在文章字里行间所表达的情感或看法,通常有think,believe这样的线索词值得注意的是,观点是主观的,不能被证明的因此,studies show,evidence shows等这样的表达之后跟的也是事实一般来讲,文章中事实与观点是交叉出现的,需要仔细归纳和判断事实细节题常见的表现形式事实细节题通常包含what,where,which,why,who,when,how,how many,because,reason,result,true,not true等这样的词语常见的提问法如下
1.According to the passage,who what/where/which/when/why/how/etc....
2.The studyshows that.
3.From the first paragraph,we learnthat.
4.The realcause原因of/reason for...is that.
5.What doesthe exampleof...show
6.Which of the followingis TRUEaccording to thepassage观点态度题常见的表现形式观点态度题考查目标比较明确,题干一般都含有according tothe writer/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider等这样的词语常见的提问法如下
1.What is the purposeof thetext
2.What is the opinionof the writer inthis passage
3.What isthe writersattitude to...
4.What doesthe authormean bysaying...做这一类题必须弄清文章中哪些是作者用于支持或反驳某种看法的客观事实和论据,哪些是作者个人的观点和看法注意由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点另外要特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情和态度观点的词语小试牛刀Hello,Im Tim.The rulesin mymiddle schoolare verystrict,but I think theyare verygood.Following the rules iseveryones duty.Rules keepstudents fromhaving fights,skipping如ses(逃课),smoking,and destroyingthings at school.Some studentsbreak the water pipesand windowsin the mensroom.Each of the mensrooms inthis schoolhas brokenwindows.But mostof studentsfollow the rules.If youdont,you willbe punished.For example,the first time youget intoa fightatschool,the schoolwill askyour parentsto comeand take you home.The secondtime,you have to leavethe school.I liketherulesat myschool,because theymake the school safeand clean,and theyalso makeagreat environmentfor studying.
1.Ifyouget intoa fightat schooland it isthefirsttime,.A.you haveto cleanthe mensroomB.you haveto leave the schoolC.your parentshavetocome toschoolD.you shouldfollowtheschool rules
2.Which of the followingis TimsopinionA.Every mensroom in theschoolhas brokenwindows.B.The schoolrules maketheschoola betterplace.C.Some studentsin theschool breakthe waterpipes.D.Good schoolrules arealways strict.Keys:
1.C
2.B分析
1.本题考查的是事实根据第二段倒数第二句可知第一次打架的后果是“askyour parentsto comeandtakeyouhome”故答案选Co
2.本题考查作者的观点首先分析所给选项,判断选项是陈述事实还是表达观点陈述事实的可直接排除,然后判断表达的观点态度是否与作者观点一致A项(学校里没有一个男厕所的窗户是完好的)和C项(学校里有些学生总弄破水管)均属陈述事实,可排除;D项(好的校规往往是严格的校规)虽然是表述观点,但作者并未提及;B项(校规使学校变得更美好)是表述观点,并且符合作者的观点故答案选B3利用识别因果关系解题原因(cause)是指事情发生的起因,结果(effect)是指发生了什么事情比如“Hewalked slowlybecausehis leftleg wasbadly hurt.”这句话中his leftleg wasbadly hurt是因,而he walkedslowly”则为果通常我们可以通过线索词区分事件的原因和结果,如because,for thisreason和since这样的词都表明原因,而so和as aresult这样的词则表明结果当然,有时候一个原因会导致很多结果,而一个结果也可能是由多个原因造成的考试中通常会考查语篇中两个事件的内在因果关系,一般分为显性原因考点(有线索词提示因果关系)和隐性原因考点(句子之间有因果关系,但无线索词)语篇中出现的格式可能是先因后果或先果后因,但一般情况下,题干中是由果推因考查因果关系常见的提问方式有以下几种
1.Why was...
2.What caused...
3.People dont...because.
4.What wasthe effectof...例如(分解)Plastic bagsharm theenvironment becausethey take a long time to decompose and canendanger wildlife.The UKfollows behindother countriesin reducingthe useof plastic bags.But lastyear sevensupermarketsin the UK saidthey hadtried tocut the number ofbags givento customers.In May2006,718million bagswere givenout,but byMay2009the numberhad becomeabout372million.This is almost halfofthenumber in
2006.Although plasticbags dont make up much ofthe rubbish in the UK,people stillthink this plan isimportant.Environment SecretaryHilary Benn,said,nThis is a great achievement.It meansthat severalhundredmillion fewer bags are going into landfill(废料填埋)every month/*
1.Why doplastic bagsharm the environmentA.Because thesupermarkets givethem tocustomers forfree.B.Because theytakealongtimetodecomposeandcanendanger wildlife.C.Because theydontmakeupmuchoftherubbishin theUK.D.Because peopleshould reducethenumberof plasticbags that they use.
2.HilaryBennsaid“this isa greatachievement”,because.A.fewerbagsaregoingintolandfilleverymonthB.thisplanis veryimportantC.plasticbagsharmtheenvironmentD.theUKfollows behindother countriesKeys:l.B
2.A分析:L本题考查显性因果关系,可从文中直接找到答案,比较简单由文章开头第一句可知答案选B
02.本题属于隐性原因考点,将题干中的关键词“a greatachievement”带回原文,结合上下文可知后面的It means…”一句是其原因,因此选A小试牛刀I wasunlucky today.I wokeup at11:00a.m.on the floor.I dontknow howI gotthere,but Idid.The powerwent offlast nightand myalarm clockdidnt work.So insteadof getting up at7:00a.m.,I gotupat11:00a.m.The sadthing wasthat agreat soccergame wason at7:00a.m.and Iwanted towatch it.I thoughtI wasgoing mad.I randownstairs and I missedthefirststep and fell down the stairs.I was tooangry to eat,so Iturned on the computerand the TV.I hopedto catchthe〃双精彩场面)ofthe game.Luckily,the gamewas stillon.They werejust aboutto showthe winninggoal whenI satdown andmissedthe chair.I hitthe floorlike arock.Picking myselfup offthefloorI heard,Goal!And theWizardshave won the championship!
1.Why didthe writerget upat11:00a.m.and notat7:00a.m.A.Because he wastootired to get upearly.B.Because hisalarm clockdidnt work.C.Because hiswent tobed toolate the day before.D.Because hisdidnt likegettingupearly atthe weekend.
2.The writerwas angry,because.A.his favoriteteam didntwin thegameB.he didnthave timetoeatbreakfastC.he missedthegameandfelldownthestairsD.he didntlike watchingsoccer gamesKeys:l.B
2.C分析:
1.本题考查显性因果关系,较为简单因为有表明结果的线索词“so、所以前面的一句自然就是答案所在,因此选B
2.本题是通过因果关系进行推理的选择题通过I wastoo angry…”一句前面的内容可知,他因为起晚已经错过了一场精彩的足球比赛,下楼时,又因为踩空台阶摔了一跤,可判断答案选Co2利用对比与对法解阅读理解题对比与对照是一种常见的阅读理解题把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点对比和不同点对照作者在写作时经常把两个或更多的人或事物放在一起进行对比或对照,展现出其相同点或不同点文章首先向读者介绍两种事物或事物的两个方面,然后通过对比或对照的方式来说明它们之间的相似或不同之处这种文章一般有两种写作方式:一种是分开比较,即先论述A事物或事物的A方面,再论述B事物或事物的B方面,为“A+B”模式;另一种为交替比较,即对事物的几个方面进行逐项比较,为”A/B+A/B”模式对比与对照题的题干主要表现形式:对比Comparison:
1.Whats the same betweenA and B
2.Similarly,both A andB...
3.A andB...in thesame way.
4.Just asA,B...
5.In comparison,which ofthe followingis TRUE对照Contrast:
1.Whafs thedifference betweenAandB
2.Unlike A,what doesB do
3.In contrastto A,B...
4.What doesA doon thecontrary
5.A is...but Bis...解答技巧对比和对照有助于读者在更宽广的范围内理解作者的意图,提高阅读效果做此类题,首先分析题干考查的是对比还是对照其次是找出表示对比和对照的词语,用来进行对比的词语通常有:in thesame way,likewise,similarly,equally,in comparison,just as等用来对照的词语通常有whereas,incontrast,on theother hand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,on thecontrary,while等最后通过分析原文和题干,确定最佳答案例如Scott andJim aretwo ofmy friends.They aredifferent inmany ways.First ofall,Scott is167cm tallwhileJim is157cm.Next,Scott likesfruit andvegetables and his weight1is48kg.On theother hand2,Jim likesmeat and he is58kg.Thirdly,Scotfs hairis longand straight,but Jimsis shortand curly.Fourthly,Scott isquiet andshy.Unlike Scott,Jim isfunny andactive.Lastly,Scott alwayslooks on thebad side of things;in contrastwith Scott,Jim alwayslooks on the brightsideofthings.Scott andJim areverydifferent,but theyare bothmy bestfriends.
1.What isthesamebetween Scottand JimA.They areboth taller than thewriter.B.They bothhave longblack hair.C.They areboth positive.D.They areboth thewriters goodfriends.
2.How isJim different from ScottA.Jim istallerthan Scott.B.Jim isas heavyas Sco注.C.Jim ismore activethan Scott.D.Jim ismuch cleverthan Scott.Keys:l.D
2.C分析第1题考查的是两个好朋友的共同点,属于对比题第2题考查的是两个朋友的区别,属于对照题文章开头说斯科特和吉姆都是自己的朋友,然后从身高、体重、发型乃至性格和心态各方面进行对比,说明两人的区别,最后再次强调虽然他们各有特点,区别很大,但都是自己的好朋友因此可以判断两人的共同点是:They areboth thewriters goodfriends;而区别方面,斯科特又高又瘦,性格内向,而吉姆又矮又胖,爱说爱笑,故Jim ismore activethanScott.”一项正确小试牛刀I havetwo brothers,Tom andDavid.My youngerbrother Tomisajunior schoolstudent.But hedoesntgo toschool.He studiesat homeinstead
1.He ishome-schooled.There aresome home-schooledkids herebut hestill prefers the house andhisbooks.He doesntlike tocommunicate withpeople;rather,he likesto(观察).So heis good at studyandheoften hassome interesting stories totell.David,my otherbrother,studies in a publicschool.In fact,he likesto goto publicschool,partly forsocialreasons,partly becausehe thinksit willbe easierfor study.He has many friends atschooland canspendmore time with them.But heis notgoodatschoolwork.Every day,we haveto helphim withhishomework.So,I dontreally thinkthat puttinghim ina publicschool wasthe bestidea forhim.
1.Unlike Tomwho ishome-schooled,David.A.goes topublic schoolB.prefersthehouseandplays thereC.spends littletimewithhis friendsD.is goodat study
2.Just asTom has many interestingstories,David.A.has muchschoolworkB.has manyfriendsC.helps othersin learningD.spends lotsof timeon studyKeys:l.A
2.B分析
1.通过题干可判断此题考查对照由第二段第一句可知大卫在公立学校上学,与题干中的“Tom ishome-schooled”相对照因此选A
2.通过题干中的just as可判断此题考查对比,文章第一段中提到汤姆“hasmanyinterestingstories”,而第二段中对应的有大卫hasmanyfriendsatschool”这样的语句,可判断应该选B1利用提干定位和跳读捕捉信息法解细节题细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章主旨大意、情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力这类题是每年中考考试的重头戏,现在我们就针对细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧
一、寻找信息题——题干定位法寻找信息题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息迅速、准确的寻找能力提问常常用特殊疑问词what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出做这样的题,有时候不需要阅读全文,可以采用“题干定位法”,即先弄清楚题干问什么,然后针对题干的提问,直接到文中寻找信息
二、语义转换题一一跳读捕捉信息法这是做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法题干通常考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,或对某一个或几个信息的捕捉能力其常见的提问方式为:1The writermentions allofthe followingEXCEPT.2Which ofthe followingis TRUE/NOT trueaccording tothepas-sage3Which ofthefollowing statementsis mentioned/NOT mentionedin thethird paragraph针对这样的题目,同学们只要根据题干内容从原文中找到相关语句,然后进行理解分析,就可以确定答案了要注意的是,不要孤立地理解单个句子,而要结合上下文语境来理解例如I wentback tomy hometownin Chinafrom theUSA to see myfamily.Many changeshave happenedhere.Vm surprisedtoseeall thesechanges but I likethem.Every day,I seemany carson thestreet.Iremember onlya fewpeople hadcars tenyears ago.But now,nearly everyfamily hasone,or evenmore!Ten years ago,people inour townwent tothe big cities towork.But,now,nearly everyonecan finda jobhere.That isbecause manyvillagers havestarted theirown business.There aremorethan100companies in the town.Now,this townis famous for itssteel industry.The changes in myhometownhave amazedme.To startmy ownbusiness aftergraduation seemslike agood idea!
6.体现当代英语特点,“深层”处理得当阅读语段体现出当代英语的特点用词浅显简练,生动活泼,语句富于变化,避免冗长沉重常用词的深层或引申意义处理得当总之,各地在命题中始终坚持“稳中求变,变中求新,稳定中求发展”的指导思想,难度稳中求升测试点的语言层次及问题的设置继续向语篇深层转移,适当平衡了语言能力的难度、深度和广度,反映教学改革的基本精神,充分体现中考的最新命题趋向解题技巧在了解近年中考阅读理解命题特点的基础上,同学们还要掌握阅读理解题的一些解题技巧阅读短文应遵循由整体到细节的原则,按“全文、段落、句子、词语”的步骤阅读文章可采用速读、细读和复读的三步法找到最佳答案
1.先看题干,带着问题读文章即先看试题,再读文章阅读题干,明确提问指向弄清问题是针对一句话还是一段话设计的,还是要求理解整篇文章的中心思想,给文章确定标题,判断事情发展的先后顺序、地理位置和相互关系等根据不同的提问指向,确定不同的阅读范围,提取信息或线索进行逻辑推理其次,要分清问题是表层信息题还是深层理解题表层信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案,而深层理解题考查的是对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深层次的推理最后,猜读理解题干及选项包含的信息注意题干的主语、疑问词及重要的谓语,留意问句中的五个W即who,what,when,where,why和How等问题然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,整合、甄别、分析、对比,筛选、提炼,形成概念,得出结论先看题干、带着问题读文章的方法,能加强阅读的针对性,提高做题的准确率,节省宝贵的时间这种方法适于归纳文章中心思想、段落大意、选择恰当标题及排列事件发生的顺序等问题,特别适用于图形、表格类题材
2.速读全文,了解大意和主题阅读的目的是获取信息一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语近几年的中考阅读速度大约是每分钟30个词左右考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,A.He isa worker.B.He isa manager.C.He isa teacher.D.He isa student.
2.Which ofthefollowingis TRUEA.The writeris Americanand cameto Chinato finda job.B.Though surprised,thewriteris happyabout thechangesinhis hometown.C.In thewriters hometown,many peoplenow gotothebigcitiesto makemoney.D.The writershometown isnow famousfor the cars theyhave.分析Keys:
1.D
2.B
1.本题属于考查文中某一人物身份的细节题,比较简单我们可以直接在文中查找关于作者自我介绍的语句通过文章最后一句可以判断出作者是个学生所以正确答案为D
2.这是一道稍微复杂的细节题,可采用“跳读捕捉信息法”判断各选项是否正确下面我们逐一分析四个选项:选项A与文中第一句话矛盾,可排除;由第一段最后一句可知B选项正确;由第三段前两句可知C选项的限定词now有误;由第三段最后一句可判断D选项中famousforthecars”部分有误所以正确答案为B小试牛刀The Golden Gate Bridgeisasuspension匕/Vdge(吊桥)over thePacific Ocean.It connects(连接)San Franciscowith Marin County.It hasbeen agreat symbolof SanFrancisco sinceit wasfinished in
1937.The GoldenGate Bridgeis unlikeanything else,especially because of itsfamous orangepaintjoband its750-foot twintowers standingatthesides ofit.At4,200feet,the mainpart wasthe worldslongestof suspension bridges.More than70years later,it isthe seventh.Take awalk on the GoldenGate Bridge ifyou can.You cantreally enjoythe sizeand heightunless youvewalked onit.When youare on the bridge,you are220feet abovethewaterand passingships belowlook likesmall toys.
1.How longisthe GoldenGate BridgeA.1,937feet.B.750feet.C.4,200feet.D.220feet.
2.Which isNOT trueaccording tothe passageA.You canget toMarinCountyfrom SanFrancisco overtheGoldenGate Bridge.B.The GoldenGateBridgeis stillthe longestsuspensionbridgein theworld.C.The GoldenGateBridgeis orange.D.When youareonthebridge,ships belowlook assmall astoys.Keys:l.C
2.B分析这是一篇说明性质的短文,材料有点难,但是当我们发现所考题目为细节题时,就可以运用上面所讲的技巧轻松应对了
1.本题考查数字,可采用“题干定位法首先判断考查的是桥的长度,然后到文中寻找有关信息,根据“At4,200feet,…”一句,可判断正确答案为Co
2.本题针对文中几个细节进行考查,是一个比较复杂的细节题可从选项中选择关键词到文中查找,然后进行比较判断这样可以发现,B选项与文中“More than70years later,itisthe seventh.”一句矛盾所以正确答案为B寻找关键词、主题句,捕捉时间、空间顺序,掌握情节、人物、观点,从而了解文章大意,明确文章主题在平时阅读时,可为自己限定时间养成习惯之后,对时间就能自然而然地掌控好抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后,此时主题句就是文章的最后一句而用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说,这时,主题句就是文章的第一句当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳作者为文,有脉可循记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点你可根据文章的特点,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,如:that is to say,above all,especially,mainly等,从而理顺文章的思路与脉络
3.详读细节,掌握细节内容详读应为细品,不可一晃而过可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因划出来如每逢人物就圈起来,看完之后数一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然经过这样处理,对文章的内容和细节便清楚无误了
4.逻辑推理,做好深层理解题在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义,这就是通常所说的深层理解深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想,加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动,它必须忠实于原文,要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想象,随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基础推理题在提问中常用的词有infer(推断),suggest(提出、暗示),indicate(表明)等
5.猜词悟义,扫除阅读障碍阅读理解常考查根据上下文猜测词义能力这类题目要求我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜通过上下文的理解等知识来推断词义通过上下文推测生词的含义我们在阅读英语文章以及学习英语的过程中,经常会遇到生词或者词组这个时候,大家往往需要通过查字典才能理解文章的意思其实,如果我们掌握了一些技巧的话,我们可以通过构词法或者上下文猜测出词义,这样既能学习新单词,还能省去查字典的麻烦总体来说,推测生词含义有两种方法,一是通过词根词缀来猜测;另一个就是通过上下文来判断.通过词根词缀推测生词的含义1在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词,叫衍生词一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性例如act v.做(词根)—active adj,积极的;活跃的tell v.说;告诉(词根)-retell v.重复;复述•前缀un-不一unhappy(不高兴的)re-又;再;重新一replay(重放)dis-否定;除去—dislike(讨厌;不喜欢)•后缀gold(黄金)一golden(金色的)friend(朋友)-^friendly(友好的)use(使用)一useful(有用的)danger(危险)—dangerous(危险的).通过上下文推测生词的含义2通过上下文推测生词含义的方法有4种:同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法•同义法利用解释推测生词的意思
(1)用动词或词组be,mean,refer to给出前面生词的含义例如eEquipment referstothethings that are neededforaparticular purposeor activity.(equipment设备)•You knowwhat asiddur isIts aJewish book.(siddur犹太教的祈祷书)
(2)通过举例的方法给出生词的含义例如After aday ofhunting,Harold wasravenous.He atetwo bowlsof soup,a salad,a largechicken,and apieceof chocolatecake beforehe wasfinally satisfied.(ravenous饥饿的)
(3)通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义例如He gota scoreof lovein thetennis match(his scoreis zero),(a scoreoflove参力口比赛时,——方得零分)
(4)通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义例如Hes abarber.Thats tosay,a personwhose jobistocut menshair.(barber理发师)•反义法在阅读过程中,如有表示转折的词,如but,though,however”和表示对比关系的词或表达unlike,differentfrom,onthecontrary”等出现,那就表明这些词语的前后就是两个完全相反的概念例如•Unlike herpesky sister,Joan isa lovelygirl.(pesky讨厌的)•Friendship isa pricelessthing.If Chrisputs aprice,or conditions,on herfriendship,its nolongerpriceless.In fact,ifs notreally friendshipat all!(priceless无价的)•逻辑法利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法表示类比的词或表达有similarly,in thesameway等;表示因果关系的词或表达有as aresult,therefore,because,due to,inorder to”等;表示递进关系的词或表达有and then,even,in fact”等例如•Water isadded tothe liquidin orderto diluteit.(dilute冲淡,稀释)•The gamespostponement wasbecauseofbad weather.(postponement推迟)•常识法利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法例如The snakeslithered throughthe grass.(根据蛇的生活习性的知识,我们推断出slither的词义为爬行,).考查猜测词义的提问方式有
31.The underlinedword“land”inthelast paragraphprobably means in Chinese.
2.The underlinedword“detour inthe fifthparagraph meansin Chinese.
3.The wordsatiatednin thesecond paragraphcan bestbe replacedby“小试牛刀
4.The word“presumptuous inthe middleofthepassage isthe closest in meaning to Myname isErika Borbosand I haveaspecial hobby—to makethings withhuman hair,such asrings.They arecalled hairwork”.I started to make hairwork5yearsago.It hasbeenadream ofmine sinceI wasa littlegirl.Eversince Iwas little,I sawthe womenin Vamhusmaking hairworkandIwas fascinatedby theirwork atonce.So,for manyyears,Ihavebeen tryingtogetsomeone toteach mehow todo hairwork.When JoannadeGrasse Svenssonagreed toteach mehow tomake hairworkduring onewinterholiday,my dreamcame true.We workedhard fortwo weeks,from earlymorning untillate at night.Then Istartedtomakehairworkon myown.Hairwork isjust my hobby.I workinthecomputer centerata big hospitalin Stockholm.My workandmyhobbyare verydifferent,but Ilove towork withboth ofthem.And thenI provethat moderntechniquesand oldtraditions canbe mixed.
1.According tothepassage,the underlinedword hairwork”meansin Chinese.A.理发B.头发保养C.发型D.头发饰品
2.The wordfascinated”inthesecond paragraphistheclosestinmeaningtoA.excited B.pleased C.interested D.tired
3.The underlinedword mixmeans”inChinese.A.混淆B.融合C.相处D.搅拌Keysl.D
2.C
3.B分析
1.第一句中有破折号,及suchas,是对hairwork的下定义故可知是“头发饰品”故选Do
2.根据后文中的so后的句子“许多年来,我一直叫人教我做头饰”可推测是“对……感兴趣”故选C
3.从And then可知是递进关系,及butIlove towork withboth ofthem可知是“被融合”了故选B根据时间和事件发展解排序题顺序就是事情发生的先后,也可以把它称为时间的先后次序在现实生活中,我们总是先做一件事,再做另一件事一个故事的发生也是按照时间顺序的故事中,通常是一件事情引发了另一件事情所以,故事中的事件通常是按照发生的顺序讲述的如The littlegirl satonthefloor andcried.Mom rantoward herand heldher inthe arms.有时候作者在讲述故事的时候没有按照事情发展的顺序进行讲述你只能借助线索词找出事件发生的顺序如Turn offtheTVbefore youleavetheroom.句中的两个动作“关电视”和“离开房间”哪个先发生,由before这个词可以表明类似的可以表示事件发生顺序的词有after,while,then,next,first和last等另外,事件发生的自然顺序也是线索比如上面的例句,如果你离开屋子了,你难道又会返回到屋里去关电视吗?在阅读的时候要寻找文章的线索,了解事件发生的先后次序,然后回答有关事件顺序方面的问题排序的题目通常有以下几种提问方式
1.What shouldhappen before
2.Which ofthese thingshappened last
3.After whatdo first
4.What diddo first when
5.What happenedafter例如Linda lovesher dogDavy.They wentto NewYork Citylast Saturday.While Lindawas buyinganewspaper atthe trainstation,the doggot out of his box and ran away.The stationwas crowdedandLinda couldn,t seeDavy anywhere.When Linda shouted his name,some peoplelooked ather butDavydidnt come.Then shecalled the police.While shewas talkingonthetelephone,Davy metanother dogoutside thestation.While the policewere coming,Linda walkedaround thestation andcalled Davys name.She didntthink aboutlookingoutside thestation.Finally,a littleboy saidto her,“Did youlook outsideI sawabigblack dogwhencame in.^^When Lindafinally sawDavy,hewasjumping andrunning withanother dog.There wasa policeofficernext tothem.The policeofficer saidto Linda,“Ithinkmy dogfound yourdog.”
1.What didLinda dofirst whenher dogran awayA.She boughta newspaper.B.She shoutedhisname.C.She calledthepolice.D.She walkedaround thestation.
2.Which ofthese thingshappened lastA.Linda andDavy wentto NewYork City.B.Davy metanother dogoutside thestation.C.A littleboy spoketo Linda.D.Linda sawa policeofficer.分析先把文章中的事件按先后顺序排列一下,这样要想分清先后顺序就一目了然了
1.Linda andDavy wentto NewYork City.
2.Linda boughta newspaper./Davy gotoutofhisboxandranaway.
3.LindashoutedDavysname.
4.Linda calledthepolice./Davy metanother dogoutside thestation.
5.Linda walkedaroundthestation.
6.A littleboy spoketo Linda.
7.Linda sawa policeofficer.由此可以清楚地看出第一题的答案是B,第二题的答案是D小试牛刀•Sara alwaysrides her bicycle withher helmedon.She knowsthatabike helmetwill keepherhead safeif shefalls.•Sara alwayssits downwhen she rides her bike.She ridesinthesame directionas traffic.•She knowsthat youngchildren shouldnot rideatnight.What elsedoes Saraknow•She shouldalways puther helmeton beforeshe startsriding her bicycle.•She knowsthe helmetshould below onforehead1and itshould betwo fingers3wide abovehereyes.The twoside straps^on bothsides ofthe helmetshould beina Vshape undereach ear.•Sara knowsherbicyclefits herbecause shecan putboth feetontheground whenshe sitson thebikeseat.•Sara onlyrides herbike during the day.She wearsbrightly coloredclothing sodrivers canseeher.
1.Which ofthese statementshappened firstA.Sara ridesherbicycle.B.Sara putson her helmet.C.Sara makesthe strapsaVshape.D.Sara ridesherbikeduringtheday.
2.What willSara dofirstwhensheridesher bikeA.Sara willsit onthe bikeseat.B.She ridesinthesame directionas traffic.C.She putsher feetontheground.D.She willride duringtheday.Keys l.B
2.A分析这不是一篇记叙文,所以文章中每个事件的先后顺序不像例1那样清晰、明了遇到这样的文章时,我们需要根据问题再到文章中去找寻答案1:从文章中可以看出,萨拉骑车之前要先戴上安全帽,戴安全帽的时候要把帽子放到额头上,离眼睛两指宽的地方,两边的带子要在耳朵下面形成一个V字形状;然后萨拉才坐到自行车的座位上所以题1的答案应该是选项B2根据题1的分析和“She shouldalways putherhelmeton beforeshe startsriding herbicycle.这句话,可以看出题2的答案是A4利用过滤和排除法解结论题在阅读的过程中,你经常会对作者提供的信息进行思考,从而能够领会作者言辞之外的意图,领悟到作者没有标明的观点,这个阅读和思考的过程就叫总结drawing conclusion下结论需要一定o的策略,即在阅读完毕后,需要对文章中的信息进行过滤,排除无关信息,根据相关信息得出结论结论有很多种,如情节发展结论、人物个性结论、作者意见结论、读者获益结论等。
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